CN101812331A - 一种低硫酯基复合燃料油 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可供汽车发动机、各种锅炉以及工业炉窑用的低硫酯基复合燃料油。该酯基复合燃料油包括生物柴油、二甲醚和抗氧化稳定剂，其中生物柴油占所述酯基复合燃料油的重量百分比为51～99％，二甲醚占所述酯基复合燃料油的重量百分比为1～49％，抗氧化稳定剂占所述酯基复合燃料油的重量百分比为0.0001～2％。该燃料油以低成本的可再生资源代替高价的化石燃料资源，属于富氧燃料，燃烧所需理论空气量少，燃烧充分，可减少烟气排放量，降低烟气排放热值损耗，并大幅度降低排放烟气中硫、氮化合物以及颗粒粉尘的浓度，有利于环保与节能减排。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可再生新能源燃料技术领域，具体地说是一种汽车发动机、各种锅炉以及工业炉窑的酯基生物柴油与二甲醚复合的低硫酯基复合燃料油。
背景技术
随着世界人口日益增长和社会经济的不断发展，人类对以石油、煤炭等为代表的化石燃料的消费量迅速增长。由于化石燃料的大量消费，对环境造成了严重的污染，且导致化石燃料的日益枯竭，为了很好地解决能源、环境与发展间的关系，开发可再生的清洁能源迫在眉睫。
生物柴油是可再生的清洁能源，其加工原料来源十分广泛，将成为一种替代石油等化石燃料的理想能源。生物柴油又称脂肪酸单酯，是以植物油脂或动物脂肪油、废弃的食用油、地沟油等作为原料，与醇类(甲醇或乙醇)经酯交换反应生成的生物油。生物柴油制备原料来源广泛，主要有三类。一是可利用各种动、植物油脂的各种废料、副产物及工程微藻等油料水生植物，例如加工植物油类即：菜籽油、桐子油、花生油、大豆油、芝麻油、色拉油等；动物油类即：猪油、羊油、牛油、骨头油等的油渣(下脚料、皂脚)，酸化油、脂肪酸；二是油炸食品的残余油；三是城市下水道收集的地沟油、泔水油。利用上述原料加工的“生物柴油”颜色如啤酒，清亮透明。生物柴油与甲醇和二甲醚互溶，能与任意比例的石化柴油掺烧，具有优良的润滑性能。其各项指标达到国标柴油要求，热值高，烟尘小，与普通柴油燃烧相比，有毒有机物排放量仅为柴油十分之一，颗粒物为普通柴油的20％，一氧化碳和二氧化碳排放量仅为石油柴油的10％，无硫化物和铅及有毒物的排放；混合生物柴油可将排放含硫物浓度从500PPM降低到5PPM，是比柴油更清洁环保的能源。生物柴油的燃点是柴油的两倍，因此使用、处理、运输和储藏都极其安全。但是，纯生物柴油在应用中还存在一些问题：粘度较普通柴油高出10～20倍，挥发性及低温流动性不好；闪点和燃点比普通柴油高1倍多，比柴油难着火，且不同品质生物柴油的抗氧化稳定性能不同，对储蓄容器及运输管道存在不同程度的腐蚀等。
二甲醚也是一种可替代化石燃料的理想的清洁能源。它是一种无毒含氧气体，常温常压下是无色气体，在5个大气压下可实现液化，且不损害臭氧层。二甲醚能从天然气、煤层气及煤中提取，也可由甲醇经脱水或CO2接触加氢制得，还能从各种植物和生活垃圾中提取。随着科技的进步，合成二甲醚的技术得到大量推广和应用，产量得到大幅度增长，2009年二甲醚的产能接近千万吨，其价格只有柴油的一半左右。二甲醚中氧的重量百分比达34.8％，燃烧时烟量少，且其十六烷值高于柴油，具有良好的自燃性。但由于使用中要从液态转化为气态，会发生气阻现象，且由于粘度低，供油系统中二甲醚容易泄漏，并对普通橡胶塑料具有腐蚀作用。
因此，生物柴油和二甲醚单独使用时，都存在一些明显的不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术存在的问题，提供一种低硫酯基复合燃料油，作为汽车发动机、各种锅炉以及工业炉窑用燃料。
本发明利用蓖麻、大豆和油菜籽等油料作物，小桐子、油棕等油料林木果实，工程微藻等油料水生植物以及动物油脂、废餐饮油、地沟油等为原料，与甲醇(或乙醇)经酯交换反应制备出的生物柴油(主要是脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯)，添加适量二甲醚和少量抗氧化稳定剂对生物柴油进行改性，从而替代液化石油，并能以各种比例与柴油混配使用。
本发明的技术方案为：
低硫酯基复合燃料油包括生物柴油、二甲醚和抗氧化稳定剂，其中生物柴油占所述酯基复合燃料油的重量百分比为51～99％，二甲醚占所述酯基复合燃料油的重量百分比为1～49％，抗氧化稳定剂占所述酯基复合燃料油的重量百分比为0.0001～2％。
所述的生物柴油是由蓖麻、大豆和油菜籽等油料作物，小桐子、油棕等油料林木果实，工程微藻等油料水生植物以及动物油脂、废餐饮油、地沟油等为原料，与甲醇(或乙醇)经酯交换反应制备而成的脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯。
所述的抗氧化稳定剂是没食子酸(3，4，5三羟基没食子酸丙酯)、叔丁基氢醌(TBHQ)、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)、2，6叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)类合成剂中的一种或多种组成。
低硫酯基复合燃料油的制造方法：利用石油、炼油企业、化工厂或清洁燃料生产销售企业现有的基础设施和专用车辆、设备作为混配设备，由计算机计量，通过管道调和、搅拌或强制循环，或直接将生物柴油、二甲醚和抗氧化稳定剂加入混配设备之中完成调配。
本发明与现有技术比较具有以下优点：
1、提供一种与柴油、石油气相近的可再生、清洁的低硫酯基复合液体燃料油，作为主要成分的生物柴油的加工原料来源广，且属于可再生资源；
2、对生物柴油进行了改性，降低了粘度和燃点，酯基复合燃油着火更容易，提高了十六烷值，改善了燃料的总体动力性；
3、此酯基复合液体燃料是富氧燃料，燃烧所需的理论空气量少，燃烧充分，可减少烟气量和烟气排放热值，利于节能和减排；
4、属于低硫清洁燃料，降低了含硫、氮物质及颗粒粉尘的排放，有利于环境保护；
5、成本低，投资少，实用性强，有利于清洁替代能源的大规模推广。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、生物柴油的制备：由小桐子加工所得的桐子油与甲醇按体积比1∶3.5经酯交换反应制备而成脂肪酸甲酯；
2、按重量百分比将生物柴油98％，二甲醚1.95％，抗氧化稳定剂没食子酸(3，4，5三羟基没食子酸丙酯)0.05％加入混配设备之中充分混合后，即得低硫酯基复合燃料油。
实施例2
1、生物柴油的制备：由蓖麻加工所得的蓖麻油与乙醇按摩尔比1∶3经酯交换反应制备而成脂肪酸乙酯；
2、按重量百分比将生物柴油80％，二甲醚19.9％，抗氧化稳定剂叔丁基氢醌(TBHQ)0.1％由计算机计量，通过管道调和、搅拌或强制循环加入混配设备之中充分混合后，即得低硫酯基复合燃料油。
实施例3
1、生物柴油的制备：由工程微藻等油料水生植物经干燥、研磨后，按1克藻类与25毫升甲醇的比例，经酯交换反应制备而成脂肪酸甲酯；
2、按重量百分比将生物柴油70％，二甲醚29.5％，抗氧化稳定剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)0.5％加入混配设备之中充分混合后，即得低硫酯基复合燃料油。
实施例4
1、生物柴油的制备：由地沟油与乙醇按体积比1∶4经酯交换反应制备而成脂肪酸乙酯；
2、按重量百分比将生物柴油51％，二甲醚47.5％，抗氧化稳定剂2，6叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)1.5％加入混配设备之中充分混合后，即得低硫酯基复合燃料油。
Claims (2)
1.一种低硫酯基复合燃料油，其特征是该酯基复合燃料油由重量百分比为51～99％的生物柴油、1～49％的二甲醚0.0001～2％抗氧化稳定剂组成；所述生物柴油由蓖麻油、大豆油和菜籽油，小桐子油、油棕油，工程微藻水生植物油以及动物油脂、废餐饮油、地沟油为原料，与甲醇或乙醇经酯交换反应制备而成的脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低硫酯基复合燃料油，其特征是所述抗氧化稳定剂是没食子酸(3，4，5三羟基没食子酸丙酯)、叔丁基氢醌(TBHQ)、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)、2，6叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)类合成剂中的一种或多种组成。
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| CN102634399A (zh) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 云南大学 | 一种延长小桐子生物柴油储藏期的方法 |
| WO2013062840A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Dye-stable biofuel blend compositions |
| CN104789277A (zh) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-22 | 李卫教 | 一种脂肪酸甲酯与二甲醚合成新型生物柴油的生产工艺 |
| CN105255525A (zh) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-20 | 广州畅营环保科技有限公司 | 一种环保生物调和燃料 |
| CN107903957A (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 广西丰泰能源科技有限公司 | 抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2013062840A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Dye-stable biofuel blend compositions |
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| CN104789277A (zh) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-22 | 李卫教 | 一种脂肪酸甲酯与二甲醚合成新型生物柴油的生产工艺 |
| CN105255525A (zh) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-20 | 广州畅营环保科技有限公司 | 一种环保生物调和燃料 |
| CN107903957A (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 广西丰泰能源科技有限公司 | 抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法 |
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