CN107896918A - A kind of muskmelon seedling medium - Google Patents
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN107896918A CN107896918A CN201711206739.8A CN201711206739A CN107896918A CN 107896918 A CN107896918 A CN 107896918A CN 201711206739 A CN201711206739 A CN 201711206739A CN 107896918 A CN107896918 A CN 107896918A
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of muskmelon seedling medium, belongs to the technical field of seedling medium.A kind of muskmelon seedling medium, the muskmelon seedling medium include decomposed maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent and chitosan, its mass ratio is decomposed maize straw：Chicken dung：Turfy soil：Vermiculite：Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：Chitosan=1:0.08‑0.12:0.8‑1.2:0.8‑1.2：0.04‑0.06：0.06‑0.1.A kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, contains Antagonistic Actinomycetes in the matrix, and Antagonistic Actinomycetes have good colonization ability in rhizosphere soil, and play good inhibiting effect to canopy room soil-borne disease, and the obstacle phenomenon that makes to be punished for being related to effectively is repaired；And the matrix makes muskmelon seedling leaf and root system PPO activity rises, the disease resistance of Muskmelon Plants is improved；Also the matrix is composite interstitial substance, and matrix is loose, and retentiveness is good, and full P, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are high, can improve fruit quality and yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling medium, and in particular to a kind of muskmelon seedling medium.
Background technology
China is the first big country of muskmelon production and consumption all the time for a long time, and muskmelon area accounts for the 45% of world's gross area
More than, yield accounts for 50% or so.Muskmelon has become the important industrial crops in China, and increasing peasant income are realized in developing into for muskmelon industry
Important function is played.The quality of muskmelon seedling directly affects melon yield, as the saying goes：" robust seedling seventy percent is received ".Managing on an equal basis
Under the conditions of, seedling medium plays the height of the quality of seedlings extremely crucial effect.
At present, in domestic traditional muskmelon seedling raising process, most peasant household oneself is configured using " land ", not only time-consuming
Take a lot of work, Quality of Seedlings it is extremely low, and " land " having contains herbicide damage, and unwitting peasant causes after
Grain is without receipts；Conditional peasant household buys turfy soil to carry out nursery, but turfy soil is non-renewable resources, and exhaustive exploitation can be made
Into the destruction of environment, and there is no any preventive effect to soil-borne disease, Quality of Seedlings is also general.Batch production high-volume nursery is then purchased
The special seedling medium on the market synthesized by plurality of raw materials is bought, effect ratio " land " and turfy soil are more good very much, but
Soil-borne disease and obstacle of being punished for being related to the discoloration of melon grower's what is said or talked about do not have any prevention effect.
And rice shoot is colonized to after canopy room, remain to play the high quality for overcoming soil-borne disease and obstructive action of being punished for being related to, sexual valence
Seen currently not yet than high functional form muskmelon seedling medium.Also common seedling medium Quality of Seedlings is not high, functions only as
The effect of nursery, it is impossible to increase fruit quality and yield.Therefore, develop material source is extensive, after the field planting of cheap, melon seedling still
The high quality of muskmelon soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle, functional form muskmelon seedling medium can be effectively overcome to become muskmelon industry health
The current demand of sustainable development.
In view of this, it is necessary to propose a kind of muskmelon nursery that can be repaired obstacle of being punished for being related to, improve fruit quality and yield
Matrix.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of muskmelon seedling medium, which can improve fruit quality and yield, tune
Section edaphon ratio and the effect for repairing obstacle of being punished for being related to.
To achieve these goals, used technical solution is；
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium,
The muskmelon seedling medium include decomposed maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent and
Chitosan, its mass ratio are decomposed maize straw：Chicken dung：Turfy soil：Vermiculite：Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：Chitosan=1:
0.08-0.12:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2：0.04-0.06：0.06-0.1.
Further, the decomposed maize straw：Chicken dung：Turfy soil：Vermiculite：Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：Chitosan=
1:0.1:1:1：0.05：0.08.
Further, the preparation method of the Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent is：
After actinomycetes strain Atc12 is expanded culture, concentration is made as 109The standard bacteria suspension of cfu/ml；
Wheat bran and inorganic salt solution are pressed 1：1 volume ratio after mixing, sterilizes 25-35 minutes at 121 DEG C, must go out
Bacterium culture medium；KNO in the inorganic salt solution3、NaCl、K2HPO4、MgSO4、FeSO4·7H2The mass ratio of O is 1：0.5：0.5：
0.5：0.01；
Standard bacteria suspension is inoculated with to sterilising medium, after 25-28 DEG C is cultivated 10 days, obtains culture；
After when drying 22-26 is small at 33-37 DEG C by culture, crushes, obtain the Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent.
Further, the expansion culture is Tube propagation and triangular flask culture；
The temperature of the Tube propagation is 28 DEG C, and the time is 5-7 days；
The temperature of the triangular flask culture is 28 DEG C, and the time is 5-7 days；
The quality of inorganic salts and the volume ratio of water are 2.51g in the inorganic salt solution：950-1050ml；
The sterilization time is 30 minutes.
Further, the preparation method of the decomposed maize straw is：
After corn straw smashing, material moisture is adjusted, its water content is not less than 60%, then is fermented, at interval of
Once, composting is dried after 2 months for turning in 11-13 days, obtains the decomposed maize straw.
Further, during the composting, the water content of material is not less than 50%.
Further, during the composting, at interval of turning in 12 days once.
Further, the deacetylation of the chitosan is more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1%.
Further, the Chicken dung is the Chicken dung of decomposed more than 1 year under field conditions (factors).
Further, in the digest process of the Chicken dung, stir once within every 3 months.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, a kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, contains Antagonistic Actinomycetes in the matrix, Antagonistic Actinomycetes are in sweet tea
The whole breeding time of melon can survive in muskmelon rhizosphere well, have good colonization ability in rhizosphere soil, significantly
Bacterium and unwrapping wire bacterial content in root area, root table soil are added, reduces fungi, and to the generation of canopy room soil-borne disease
To good inhibiting effect, the obstacle phenomenon that makes to be punished for being related to effectively is repaired.
2nd, a kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, matrix unit weight 0.25g/cm3Left and right, general porosity
77.32% or so, ventilating slit 12.36% or so, water holding hole 68.23% or so, pH value 6.32 or so, is grey black solid
Particle, the matrix is loose, and retentiveness is good, and full P, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are high, can preferably be provided for crop
Nutrition.
3rd, a kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, muskmelon seedling medium nursery of the invention, after muskmelon field planting,
Soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle can effectively be overcome, there is the unrivaled superiority of other seedling mediums.And the matrix makes sweet tea
Melon seedling leaf and root system PPO activity rises, improve the disease resistance of Muskmelon Plants to a certain extent.
4th, a kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, the substrate seedling is compared with common seedling medium nursery, muskmelon
Leaf area, leaf green content, soluble sugar, vitamin C, yield increase considerably, and not only make muskmelon physiological property more
Add optimization, the yield and quality of muskmelon can also be increased substantially.
5th, a kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, the matrix are composite interstitial substance, contain maize straw, decomposed chicken
Excrement, turfy soil, vermiculite, Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent and chitosan, can preferably create good condition, so as to carry for plant growth
High fruit quality and yield, adjust edaphon ratio, repair obstacle of being punished for being related to.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is dissolving of the actinomyces to pathogen mycelia (Fusarium oxysporum)；
Fig. 2 is the hypha forms of Act12 under the microscope；
Fig. 3 is the colonial morphology of Act12.
Embodiment
In order to which the present invention is further explained, a kind of muskmelon seedling medium, reaches expected goal of the invention, below in conjunction with preferable reality
Example is applied, to according to a kind of muskmelon seedling medium proposed by the present invention, its embodiment, structure, feature and its effect, in detail
Illustrate as after.In the following description, what different " embodiment " or " embodiment " referred to is not necessarily the same embodiment.In addition,
Special characteristic, structure or feature in one or more embodiments can be combined by any suitable form.
Before a kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention is elaborated, it is necessary to associated materials for being referred in the present invention etc.
It is described further, to reach more preferable effect.
Particular technique or condition are not specified in embodiment, according to the described technology of document or condition in the art into
OK.Production firm person is not specified in raw materials used or equipment in embodiment, and being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Matrix can be divided into inorganic matrix and organic substrate according to component.Inorganic matrix is free of or contains only a small amount of nutriment,
Majority does not have bioactivity and buffer capacity, such as sand, perlite.Organic substrate generally has stronger bioactivity and buffering
Ability, contains abundant nutritional ingredient, such as turf, sawdust.Since the physicochemical character of single-matrix is difficult to meet plant growth
The needs of development, therefore the application of matrix gradually changes from single-matrix to composite interstitial substance.Composite interstitial substance is by several single bases
Matter is formed according to not year-on-year row mixture, and good condition can be preferably created for plant growth.
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, solves the problems, such as that common seedling medium Quality of Seedlings is not high, and solve
Common seedling medium functions only as the effect of nursery, and the problem of fruit quality and yield cannot be increased, also solve commonly to educate
The problem of seedling matrix is to soil-borne disease and helpless continuous cropping obstacle.
With the solid mediums such as agar bevel in test tube, the microorganisms such as bacterium, mould are trained on this face
Support and be known as inclined-plane culture.This culture can fully observe the growth conditions of cultivated microorganism, and be inoculated with conveniently, therefore
Commonly using this method.
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, molecular formula：K2HPO4, appearance is white crystals or amorphous white powder, soluble easily in water, water-soluble
Liquid is in alkalescence, is slightly soluble in alcohol, there is hygroscopicity, self-dissolving when temperature is higher.
Potassium nitrate is the nitrate of potassium, empirical formula KNO3(potassium nitrate is ionic compound, not molecule, so not having
Molecular weight, only formula weight), appearance is clear, colorless or white powder, tasteless.Its solubility in water for 13g/100ml (because
Temperature and it is different, temperature more high-dissolvability is higher, and among chemical substance, potassium nitrate changes in solubility is quite obvious), be dissolved in
Water, is slightly dissolved in ethanol.
Magnesium sulfate, nickname anhydrous magnesium sulfate is a kind of compound containing magnesium, molecular formula MgSO4, may be used as process hides,
Explosive, papermaking, porcelain, fertilizer, and medically oral purgative etc..；Mineral water additive can also be used as.Magnesium sulfate is in agriculture
It is used for a kind of fertilizer in industry, because magnesium is one of main component of chlorophyll, is normally used for the agriculture of potted plant or magnesium deficiency
Crop, such as tomato, potato, rose etc..Magnesium sulfate is that solubility is higher compared with the advantages of other fertilizer.
Ferrous sulfate, molecular formula FeSO4·7H2O, is a kind of inorganic compound, is pale bluish green monoclinic crystal, aqueous solution
For light green color, water, glycerine are dissolved in, insoluble in ethanol.
Chitosan is a kind of macromolecule cation polysaccharide, is the derivative of chitin deacetylation.Chitin is in nature
The synthetic quantity on boundary is only second to cellulose, is second largest renewable resource on the earth, and it is degeneration-resistant to be conducive to raising food using chitosan
Property, promote growth and development.The chitosan used in the seedling medium of the present invention is given birth to by Heilungkiang aokang bio tech ltd
Production, is water soluble chitosan, and deacetylation is more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1%.
After above-mentioned related raw material has been understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiments, to a kind of muskmelon nursery of the present invention
Matrix is further described in detail：
One embodiment
Embodiment 1.
Specific preparation process is as follows：
A prepares Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：
Under aseptic technique, the actinomycetes strain Atc12 of low-temperature preservation is uniformly applied on test tube slant culture medium,
28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations 5 days, colony growth is good at this time, and often pipe adds 5 milliliters of sterile waters and bacteria suspension is made, by a certain amount of bacteria suspension
Uniformly on access triangular flask slant medium, concentration is made as 10 in 28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations after 7 days9The standard bacteria suspension of cfu/ml；
By the wheat bran of crushing and inorganic salt solution (KNO in the inorganic salt solution3、NaCl、K2HPO4、MgSO4、FeSO4·
7H2The mass ratio of O is 1：0.5：0.5：0.5：0.01, the quality of inorganic salts and the volume ratio 2.51g of water in inorganic salt solution：
950ml) press 1：1 volume ratio is fitted into blake bottle after mixing thoroughly, and charge weight is 1/3rd of blake bottle size, at 121 DEG C
Moist heat sterilization 25 minutes, obtains sterilising medium；
Under aseptic technique, take in a certain amount of standard bacteria suspension access sterilising medium, after 25 DEG C are cultivated 10 days,
Obtain culture；
Culture is transferred to and has been sterilized in plastic casing, when forced air drying 26 is small at 33 DEG C after, after being crushed with pulverizer, obtain
The Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent；
B prepares decomposed maize straw：
After corn straw smashing, material moisture is adjusted, its water content is not less than 60%, it is high by 1.5 according still further to 3 meters wide
Meter Jin Hang bars formula is fermented, and interval turning in 11 days once, keeps the skin wet depending on material dry and wet situation, be not less than material moisture halfway
50%, composting is dried after 2 months, obtains the decomposed maize straw；
C prepares Chicken dung：Under field conditions (factors), by decomposed more than 1 year of chicken manure, in digest process, stir within every 3 months
Once, Chicken dung is obtained；
D selection deacetylations are more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1% water soluble chitosan；
E weighs the decomposed maize straws of 10kg, 0.8kg Chicken dungs, 12kg turfy soils, 9kg vermiculites, 0.4kg antagonism unwrapping wire
Microbial inoculum and 0.6kg chitosans, after stirring evenly, crush, obtain the muskmelon seedling medium.
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium described in the embodiment of the present invention, contains Antagonistic Actinomycetes, Antagonistic Actinomycetes in the matrix
It can be good at surviving in muskmelon rhizosphere, have good colonization ability in rhizosphere soil, significantly increase bacterium and unwrapping wire
Bacterial content, reduces fungi, and plays good inhibiting effect to canopy room soil-borne disease, makes obstacle phenomenon of being punished for being related to
Effectively repaired；And the matrix makes muskmelon seedling leaf and root system PPO activity rises, improves muskmelon to a certain extent
The disease resistance of plant；Also the matrix is composite interstitial substance, contains maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, antagonism unwrapping wire
Microbial inoculum and chitosan, matrix is loose, and retentiveness is good, and full P, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are high, can preferably make
Thing provides nutrition, so as to improve fruit quality and yield, adjusts edaphon ratio, repairs obstacle of being punished for being related to.
Embodiment 2.
Specific preparation process is as follows：
A prepares Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：
Under aseptic technique, the actinomycetes strain Atc12 of low-temperature preservation is uniformly applied on test tube slant culture medium,
28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations 7 days, colony growth is good, and often pipe adds 5 milliliters of sterile waters and bacteria suspension is made, and a certain amount of bacteria suspension is uniform
Access on triangular flask slant medium, concentration is made as 10 in 28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations after 5 days9The standard bacteria suspension of cfu/ml；
By the wheat bran of crushing and inorganic salt solution (KNO in the inorganic salt solution3、NaCl、K2HPO4、MgSO4、FeSO4·
7H2The mass ratio of O is 1：0.5：0.5：0.5：0.01, the quality of inorganic salts and the volume ratio 2.51g of water in inorganic salt solution：
1050ml) press 1：1 volume ratio is fitted into blake bottle after mixing thoroughly, and charge weight is 1/3rd of blake bottle size, at 121 DEG C
Moist heat sterilization 35 minutes, obtains sterilising medium；
Under aseptic technique, take in a certain amount of standard bacteria suspension access sterilising medium, after 28 DEG C are cultivated 10 days,
Obtain culture；
Culture is transferred to and has been sterilized in plastic casing, when forced air drying 22 is small at 37 DEG C after, after being crushed with pulverizer, obtain
The Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent；
B prepares decomposed maize straw：
After corn straw smashing, material moisture is adjusted, its water content is not less than 60%, it is high by 1.5 according still further to 3 meters wide
Meter Jin Hang bars formula is fermented, and interval turning in 13 days once, keeps the skin wet depending on material dry and wet situation, be not less than material moisture halfway
50%, composting is dried after 2 months, obtains the decomposed maize straw；
C prepares Chicken dung：Under field conditions (factors), by decomposed more than 1 year of chicken manure, in digest process, stir within every 3 months
Once, Chicken dung is obtained；
D selection deacetylations are more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1% water soluble chitosan；
E weighs the decomposed maize straws of 10kg, 1.2kg Chicken dungs, 8kg turfy soils, 8kg vermiculites, 0.6kg Antagonistic Actinomycetes
Agent and 1kg chitosans, after stirring evenly, crush, obtain the muskmelon seedling medium.
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium described in the embodiment of the present invention, contains Antagonistic Actinomycetes, Antagonistic Actinomycetes in the matrix
It can be good at surviving in muskmelon rhizosphere, have good colonization ability in rhizosphere soil, significantly increase bacterium and unwrapping wire
Bacterial content, reduces fungi, and plays good inhibiting effect to canopy room soil-borne disease, makes obstacle phenomenon of being punished for being related to
Effectively repaired；And the matrix makes muskmelon seedling leaf and root system PPO activity rises, improves muskmelon to a certain extent
The disease resistance of plant；Also the matrix is composite interstitial substance, contains maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, antagonism unwrapping wire
Microbial inoculum and chitosan, matrix is loose, and retentiveness is good, and full P, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are high, can preferably make
Thing provides nutrition, so as to improve fruit quality and yield, adjusts edaphon ratio, repairs obstacle of being punished for being related to.
Embodiment 3.
Specific preparation process is as follows：
A prepares Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：
Under aseptic technique, the actinomycetes strain Atc12 of low-temperature preservation is uniformly applied on test tube slant culture medium,
28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations 6 days, colony growth is good, and often pipe adds 5 milliliters of sterile waters and bacteria suspension is made, and a certain amount of bacteria suspension is uniform
Access on triangular flask slant medium, concentration is made as 10 in 28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations after 6 days9The standard bacteria suspension of cfu/ml；
By the wheat bran of crushing and inorganic salt solution (KNO in the inorganic salt solution3、NaCl、K2HPO4、MgSO4、FeSO4·
7H2The mass ratio of O is 1：0.5：0.5：0.5：0.01, the quality of inorganic salts and the volume ratio 2.51g of water in inorganic salt solution：
1000ml) press 1：1 volume ratio is fitted into blake bottle after mixing thoroughly, and charge weight is 1/3rd of blake bottle size, at 121 DEG C
Moist heat sterilization 30 minutes, obtains sterilising medium；
Under aseptic technique, take in a certain amount of standard bacteria suspension access sterilising medium, after 26 DEG C are cultivated 10 days,
Obtain culture；
Culture is transferred to and has been sterilized in plastic casing, when forced air drying 24 is small at 35 DEG C after, after being crushed with pulverizer, obtain
The Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent；
B prepares decomposed maize straw：
After corn straw smashing, material moisture is adjusted, its water content is not less than 60%, it is high by 1.5 according still further to 3 meters wide
Meter Jin Hang bars formula is fermented, and interval turning in 12 days once, keeps the skin wet depending on material dry and wet situation, be not less than material moisture halfway
50%, composting is dried after 2 months, obtains the decomposed maize straw；
C prepares Chicken dung：Under field conditions (factors), by decomposed more than 1 year of chicken manure, in digest process, stir within every 3 months
Once, Chicken dung is obtained；
D selection deacetylations are more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1% water soluble chitosan；
E weighs the decomposed maize straws of 10kg, 1kg Chicken dungs, 10kg turfy soils, 10kg vermiculites, 0.5kg Antagonistic Actinomycetes
Agent and 0.8kg chitosans, after stirring evenly, crush, obtain the muskmelon seedling medium.
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium described in the embodiment of the present invention, contains Antagonistic Actinomycetes, Antagonistic Actinomycetes in the matrix
It can be good at surviving in muskmelon rhizosphere, have good colonization ability in rhizosphere soil, significantly increase bacterium and unwrapping wire
Bacterial content, reduces fungi, and plays good inhibiting effect to canopy room soil-borne disease, makes obstacle phenomenon of being punished for being related to
Effectively repaired；And the matrix makes muskmelon seedling leaf and root system PPO activity rises, improves muskmelon to a certain extent
The disease resistance of plant；Also the matrix is composite interstitial substance, contains maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, antagonism unwrapping wire
Microbial inoculum and chitosan, matrix is loose, and retentiveness is good, and full P, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are high, can preferably make
Thing provides nutrition, so as to improve fruit quality and yield, adjusts edaphon ratio, repairs obstacle of being punished for being related to.
Embodiment 4.
Specific preparation process is as follows：
A prepares Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：
Under aseptic technique, the actinomycetes strain Atc12 of low-temperature preservation is uniformly applied on test tube slant culture medium,
28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations 7 days, colony growth is good, and often pipe adds 5 milliliters of sterile waters and bacteria suspension is made, and a certain amount of bacteria suspension is uniform
Access on triangular flask slant medium, concentration is made as 10 in 28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations after 7 days9The standard bacteria suspension of cfu/ml；
By the wheat bran of crushing and inorganic salt solution (KNO in the inorganic salt solution3、NaCl、K2HPO4、MgSO4、FeSO4·
7H2The mass ratio of O is 1：0.5：0.5：0.5：0.01, the quality of inorganic salts and the volume ratio 2.51g of water in inorganic salt solution：
1000ml) press 1：1 volume ratio is fitted into blake bottle after mixing thoroughly, and charge weight is 1/3rd of blake bottle size, at 121 DEG C
Moist heat sterilization 28 minutes, obtains sterilising medium；
Under aseptic technique, take in a certain amount of standard bacteria suspension access sterilising medium, after 27 DEG C are cultivated 10 days,
Obtain culture；
Culture is transferred to and has been sterilized in plastic casing, when forced air drying 23 is small at 36 DEG C after, after being crushed with pulverizer, obtain
The Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent；
B prepares decomposed maize straw：
After corn straw smashing, material moisture is adjusted, its water content is not less than 60%, it is high by 1.5 according still further to 3 meters wide
Meter Jin Hang bars formula is fermented, and interval turning in 12 days once, keeps the skin wet depending on material dry and wet situation, be not less than material moisture halfway
50%, composting is dried after 2 months, obtains the decomposed maize straw；
C prepares Chicken dung：Under field conditions (factors), by decomposed more than 1 year of chicken manure, in digest process, stir within every 3 months
Once, Chicken dung is obtained；
D selection deacetylations are more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1% water soluble chitosan；
E weighs the decomposed maize straws of 10kg, 0.9kg Chicken dungs, 9kg turfy soils, 12kg vermiculites, 0.5kg antagonism unwrapping wire
Microbial inoculum and 0.9kg chitosans, after stirring evenly, crush, obtain the muskmelon seedling medium.
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium described in the embodiment of the present invention, contains Antagonistic Actinomycetes, Antagonistic Actinomycetes in the matrix
It can be good at surviving in muskmelon rhizosphere, have good colonization ability in rhizosphere soil, significantly increase bacterium and unwrapping wire
Bacterial content, reduces fungi, and plays good inhibiting effect to canopy room soil-borne disease, makes obstacle phenomenon of being punished for being related to
Effectively repaired；And the matrix makes muskmelon seedling leaf and root system PPO activity rises, improves muskmelon to a certain extent
The disease resistance of plant；Also the matrix is composite interstitial substance, contains maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, antagonism unwrapping wire
Microbial inoculum and chitosan, matrix is loose, and retentiveness is good, and full P, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are high, can preferably make
Thing provides nutrition, so as to improve fruit quality and yield, adjusts edaphon ratio, repairs obstacle of being punished for being related to.
Embodiment 5.
Specific preparation process is as follows：
A prepares Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：
Under aseptic technique, the actinomycetes strain Atc12 of low-temperature preservation is uniformly applied on test tube slant culture medium,
28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations 6 days, colony growth is good, and often pipe adds 5 milliliters of sterile waters and bacteria suspension is made, and a certain amount of bacteria suspension is uniform
Access on triangular flask slant medium, concentration is made as 10 in 28 DEG C of constant temperature incubations after 7 days9The standard bacteria suspension of cfu/ml；
By the wheat bran of crushing and inorganic salt solution (KNO in the inorganic salt solution3、NaCl、K2HPO4、MgSO4、FeSO4·
7H2The mass ratio of O is 1：0.5：0.5：0.5：0.01, the quality of inorganic salts and the volume ratio 2.51g of water in inorganic salt solution：
1000ml) press 1：1 volume ratio is fitted into blake bottle after mixing thoroughly, and charge weight is 1/3rd of blake bottle size, at 121 DEG C
Moist heat sterilization 32 minutes, obtains sterilising medium；
Under aseptic technique, take in a certain amount of standard bacteria suspension access sterilising medium, after 26 DEG C are cultivated 10 days,
Obtain culture；
Culture is transferred to and has been sterilized in plastic casing, when forced air drying 24 is small at 36 DEG C after, after being crushed with pulverizer, obtain
The Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent；
B prepares decomposed maize straw：
After corn straw smashing, material moisture is adjusted, its water content is not less than 60%, it is high by 1.5 according still further to 3 meters wide
Meter Jin Hang bars formula is fermented, and interval turning in 12 days once, keeps the skin wet depending on material dry and wet situation, be not less than material moisture halfway
50%, composting is dried after 2 months, obtains the decomposed maize straw；
C prepares Chicken dung：Under field conditions (factors), by decomposed more than 1 year of chicken manure, in digest process, stir within every 3 months
Once, Chicken dung is obtained；
D selection deacetylations are more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1% water soluble chitosan；
E weighs the decomposed maize straws of 10kg, 1.1kg Chicken dungs, 9kg turfy soils, 9kg vermiculites, 0.6kg Antagonistic Actinomycetes
Agent and 0.7kg chitosans, after stirring evenly, crush, obtain the muskmelon seedling medium.
A kind of muskmelon seedling medium described in the embodiment of the present invention, contains Antagonistic Actinomycetes, Antagonistic Actinomycetes in the matrix
It can be good at surviving in muskmelon rhizosphere, have good colonization ability in rhizosphere soil, significantly increase bacterium and unwrapping wire
Bacterial content, reduces fungi, and plays good inhibiting effect to canopy room soil-borne disease, makes obstacle phenomenon of being punished for being related to
Effectively repaired；And the matrix makes muskmelon seedling leaf and root system PPO activity rises, improves muskmelon to a certain extent
The disease resistance of plant；Also the matrix is composite interstitial substance, contains maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, antagonism unwrapping wire
Microbial inoculum and chitosan, matrix is loose, and retentiveness is good, and full P, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are high, can preferably make
Thing provides nutrition, so as to improve fruit quality and yield, adjusts edaphon ratio, repairs obstacle of being punished for being related to.
Two experiment tests
1st, the screening and identification of Antagonistic Actinomycetes
In the continuous cropping rhizosphere soil of the facility muskmelon main producing region such as Heilongjiang Province, Liaoning, Hebei, Antagonistic Actinomycetes are filtered out
More than 3000 strains, from wherein again filter out the optimal strain excellent Act12 of antagonistic effect.
Strains A ct12 is seeded on the culture mediums such as No. 1 agar of PDA, Gao Shi, glucose asparagus fern element agar respectively, 26 DEG C
Culture 7-10 days；Microscopy aerial hyphae, substrate mycelium, the form of fibrillae of spores.According to international streptomycete plan and the micro- life of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Thing method, appearance features of the observation strain to be tested on different culture media.
(1) effect of the Antagonistic Actinomycetes to Fusarium oxysporum hypha form
By butt strip method, actinomycetes strain and Fusarium oxysporum are subjected to culture experiment, the results showed that, strains A ct12 is bright
The aobvious growth for suppressing pathogen mycelia.Found by microexamination, suppress to show as by actinomyces：Actinomyces mycelia concentrates winding
On pathogen mycelia, pathogen mycelial growth deformity, Hyphal form is more short and thick than control, attenuates, and some enlarges into beading, Cong Zhi
Aggregation, or even dissolving, prevent mycelia to lose invasive ability, as shown in Figure 1 from extending forward.
(2) Antagonistic Actinomycetes strains A ct12
Morphological feature：Aerial hyphae yellowish-brown, it is luxuriant.Spore ellipse, surface is smooth, and fibrillae of spores is straight, broom shape cluster, such as
Shown in Fig. 2.
Cultural characteristic：The chromogenesis on most of culture mediums, the deep yellow brown of aerial hyphae or brown, substrate mycelium are in
Light yellow, yellow, also have the colors such as buff, as shown in Figure 3.
2nd, the physics of muskmelon seedling medium, chemical property determination
The muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention is referred to as new invention matrix, and " land " of melon grower's autogamy is referred to as CK1, city
The finished product seedling medium bought on field is referred to as CK2.
(1) determination of physical appearance
New invention matrix, CK1 and the CK2 prepared to embodiment 3 carries out determination of physical appearance, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The determination of physical appearance of 1 seedling medium of table
As it can be seen from table 1 the muskmelon seedling medium porosity of the present invention is maximum, illustrate that the matrix is loose, retentiveness is good.
(2) chemical property determination
New invention matrix, CK1 and the CK2 prepared to embodiment 3 carries out chemical property determination, and the results are shown in Table 2.
The chemical property determination of 2 seedling medium of table
The suitable pH range of vegetable seedling is generally in 5.8-7.From table 2 it can be seen that the muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention
PH value is in normal range (NR).Further basic five entry value of analysis performance matrix feeder capability height, the results showed that, sweet tea of the invention
The full P of melon seedling medium, full K, available N, available P, active potassic content are all highest.
3rd, the disease prevention growth-promoting effect to muskmelon and the influence to induction of resistance
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) belongs to oxidase system, can phenol substance catalytic aoxidize that to form caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid etc. more
Material of the kind with resistant effect, while the prephenic acid for being catalyzed formation is the precursor for synthesizing lignin again, can repair wound.Also
Phloretin can be aoxidized and become the stronger compound of toxin, kill pathogen.
The new invention matrix, CK1 and the CK2 that are prepared to embodiment 3 carry out the measure of PPO activity influences, as a result such as the institute of table 3
Show.
Influence of the table 3 to Muskmelon Plants ppo activity
As can be seen from Table 3, after using muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, muskmelon blade and root system ppo activity improve, one
Determine to improve the disease resistance of Muskmelon Plants in degree.
4th, to muskmelon growth and the influence of yield and quality
(1) to the influence of muskmelon growth
New invention matrix, CK1 and the CK2 prepared to embodiment 3 carries out the measure to muskmelon growth effect, as a result such as table 4
It is shown.
The influence that table 4 grows muskmelon
From table 4, it can be seen that using after muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, the plant height and blade quantity of muskmelon, area have aobvious
Write increase, especially blade area.After illustrating the substrate seedling using the present invention so that the mitogenetic new blade of muskmelon and mounted blade
The speed of growth has obvious growth.It can also be seen that the use of seedling medium of the present invention from chlorophyll content in leaf blades
Effectively increase the chlorophyll content in muskmelon blade.Due to the increase of leaf area and the raising of chlorophyll content, it is effectively increased
The photosynthetic capacity of plant, so as to promote the growth of muskmelon.
(2) to the influence of muskmelon florescence, maturity period and yield
The new invention matrix, CK1 and the CK2 that are prepared to embodiment 3 carry out the survey of muskmelon florescence, maturity period and yield effect
Fixed, the results are shown in Table 5.
Influence of the table 5 to muskmelon florescence, maturity period and yield
As can be seen from Table 5, muskmelon seedling medium of the invention has no significant effect the florescence of muskmelon and maturity period,
Its reason is probably since florescence and maturity period are the build-in attributes of melon variety, not because the reasons such as growing way occur substantially to change
Become.But in terms of mean fruit weight and cell production, muskmelon seedling medium of the invention is substantially better than turfy soil, and cell production
Also increase substantially.
5th, to the influence of melon fruit quality
The new invention matrix, CK1 and the CK2 that are prepared to embodiment 3 carry out the measure of melon fruit qualitative effects, as a result such as table
Shown in 6.
Influence of the table 6 to melon fruit quality
As can be seen from Table 6, nursery of the muskmelon quality of muskmelon seedling medium of the invention apparently higher than use turfy soil
Matrix, all dramatically increases, soluble sugar content adds on protein content and Vitamin C content.The reason is that due to base
The continuous breeding of Antagonistic Actinomycetes, improves Nutrient Absorption of the plant from root system in matter, while inhibits the generation of disease, makes plant
Metabolite and nutriment in strain more, can be accumulated more effectively, and are stored among fruit.
6th, the adjustment effect study of rhizosphere Tiny ecosystem after being colonized to muskmelon
(1) in the colonization ability of muskmelon rhizosphere
The Biocontrol Potential of antagonistic strain is in addition to influencing the prevention and control capability of soil-borne disease by Antagonistic Fungi, largely
Also influenced be subject to its colonization ability in crop rhizosphere, after many drip irrigations are applied, by changes in environmental conditions and different lifes
The influence of the factor such as plant rhizosphere microorganism diversity under the conditions of state, causes that the biocontrol effect of antagonism bacteria preparation is unstable, has
When it is even invalid, therefore be in the research process of drip irrigation, the colonization ability for studying the Antagonistic Fungi first in crop rhizosphere
It is very necessary.
Colonization abilities of the 7 antagonistic strain Act12 of table in muskmelon rhizosphere
As can be seen from Table 7, colonized situation to Antagonistic Fungi at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks to be detected, muskmelon root area
The ratio that the colonization amount of Act12 accounts for respective handling actinomyces sum is respectively 1.37%, 9.78%, 19.63%, 16.74%,
In root table soil, the ratio that the colonization amount of Act12 accounts for respective handling actinomyces sum is respectively 3.49%, 15.67%,
22.45%, 18.38%.From the above data, it can be seen that in the whole breeding time of muskmelon, Antagonistic Fungi Act12 can be good
Survival, and at 6 weeks or so, the quantity of either strain still accounted for the ratio bacterium of actinomyces and has reached higher level.Illustrate access
Antagonistic Actinomycetes are higher in muskmelon root area, root table soil to be colonized and density of surviving, and it is withered that this will be that it be resisted in muskmelon root system
The soil-borne disease fungal infection such as germ that withers provides important biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion barrier.
(2) influence of muskmelon root region soil micro organism quantity
8 Act12 of table is inoculated with the influence to muskmelon root region soil micro organism quantity and proportion of composing
As can be seen from Table 8, using the muskmelon seedling medium of the present invention, the bacterium in muskmelon field planting Hou Gen areas and quantity of actinomyces
There is growth by a relatively large margin in amount, and declining by a small margin occurs in fungi.
(3) 3 major class group's ratio of components of rhizosphere microorganism after Antagonistic Actinomycetes muskmelon is colonized in muskmelon seedling medium of the invention
The influence of example
As can be seen from Table 8, using the muskmelon seedling medium nursery of the present invention, muskmelon root area and Gen Biao soil after muskmelon field planting
There occurs obvious change, the reduction of fungi ratio, significantly reduces muskmelon and fungoid soil-borne disease occurs earth content of microorganisms
Risk.Bacterium/fungi increase means that fungal content tails off in soil, and the content increase of bacterium in the soil.Research shows,
The increase of bacterial content ratio is the important biomolecule index that soil fertility improves in soil.Therefore, muskmelon nursery of the invention
The Antagonistic Actinomycetes added in substrate seedling cause edaphon composition change, promote muskmelon rhizosphere microecosystem matter
The raising of amount.
The above, is only the preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, not makees any shape to the embodiment of the present invention
Limitation in formula, any simply modification, the equivalent variations that the technical spirit according to the embodiment of the present invention makees above example
With modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. muskmelon seedling medium, it is characterised in thatThe muskmelon seedling medium gathers including decomposed maize straw, Chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent and shell Sugar, its mass ratio are decomposed maize straw：Chicken dung：Turfy soil：Vermiculite：Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：Chitosan=1:0.08- 0.12:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2：0.04-0.06：0.06-0.1.
- 2. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,The decomposed maize straw：Chicken dung：Turfy soil：Vermiculite：Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent：Chitosan=1:0.1:1:1： 0.05：0.08.
- 3. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,The preparation method of the Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent is：After actinomycetes strain Atc12 is expanded culture, concentration is made as 109The standard bacteria suspension of cfu/ml；Wheat bran and inorganic salt solution are pressed 1：1 volume ratio after mixing, sterilizes 25-35 minutes, must sterilize training at 121 DEG C Support base；KNO in the inorganic salt solution3、NaCl、K2HPO4、MgSO4、FeSO4·7H2The mass ratio of O is 1：0.5：0.5：0.5： 0.01；Standard bacteria suspension is inoculated with to sterilising medium, after 25-28 DEG C is cultivated 10 days, obtains culture；After when drying 22-26 is small at 33-37 DEG C by culture, crushes, obtain the Antagonistic Actinomycetes agent.
- 4. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 3, it is characterised in that wherein,The expansion culture is Tube propagation and triangular flask culture；The temperature of the Tube propagation is 28 DEG C, and the time is 5-7 days；The temperature of the triangular flask culture is 28 DEG C, and the time is 5-7 days；The quality of inorganic salts and the volume ratio of water are 2.51g in the inorganic salt solution：950-1050ml；The sterilization time is 30 minutes.
- 5. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,The preparation method of the decomposed maize straw is：After corn straw smashing, material moisture is adjusted, its water content is not less than 60%, then is fermented, at interval of 11-13 Once, composting is dried after 2 months for its turning, obtains the decomposed maize straw.
- 6. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 5, it is characterised in that wherein,During the composting, the water content of material is not less than 50%.
- 7. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 6, it is characterised in that wherein,During the composting, at interval of turning in 12 days once.
- 8. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,The deacetylation of the chitosan is more than 85%, and ash content is less than 1%.
- 9. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,The Chicken dung is the Chicken dung of decomposed more than 1 year under field conditions (factors).
- 10. muskmelon seedling medium according to claim 9, it is characterised in that wherein,In the digest process of the Chicken dung, stir once within every 3 months.
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