CN107892521B - Safe reinforcing construction method for karst cave - Google Patents
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- CN107892521B CN107892521B CN201711061932.7A CN201711061932A CN107892521B CN 107892521 B CN107892521 B CN 107892521B CN 201711061932 A CN201711061932 A CN 201711061932A CN 107892521 B CN107892521 B CN 107892521B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe reinforcing construction method of a karst cave, which is characterized in that along with the development of tourism industry in China, the supply of tourism products is increasingly rich, the types of tourism products such as ecological tourism, cultural tourism, red tourism and the like are endlessly developed, and the selection range of tourists is continuously expanded. The karst cave is used as a special tourism resource, the clock in the cave is distributed, the stalagmites are standing, the landscape forms are different, the sighing is stopped, and the karst cave is formed naturally; the method is developed as a tourist landscape, increases the instability of rocks on the wall of the cave, causes the oscillation of a karst cave system, researches the karst cave, explores a karst cave safety reinforcing process, has simple process, convenient construction, lower cost, is scientific, effective, energy-saving and environment-friendly, greatly shortens the construction period and ensures the construction quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of karst cave treatment, in particular to a safe reinforcing construction method for a karst cave.
Background
The formation of the karst cave is the result of the long-term erosion of underground water in limestone areas, and insoluble calcium carbonate in the limestone can be converted into slightly soluble calcium bicarbonate under the action of water and carbon dioxide. Because the limestone layers contain different amounts of lime and are eroded to different degrees, the limestone layers are gradually dissolved and divided into independent, thousand-attitude, steep and beautiful mountains and singular landscape karst caves, and the landforms formed by the karst landforms are generally called karst landforms.
The nature repeats the above reaction for a long period of time and many times. Thereby forming various peculiar and spectacular karst caves, such as the famous Guilin karst cave and the Beijing stone cave, which are made by the slow erosion of water and carbon dioxide. When water containing calcium bicarbonate is dropped from the top of the cave to the bottom of the cave, the solubility of carbon dioxide is reduced due to evaporation of water or pressure reduction, and temperature change, so that calcium carbonate is precipitated. These precipitates gradually form stalactites, stalagmites, etc., after millions of years of accumulation. If water containing calcium bicarbonate drips from the top of the cave, the precipitated calcium carbonate will accumulate into stalactites, mantle and rosettes as the water and carbon dioxide volatilize. The stalactites at the top of the cave are connected with the stalagmite on the ground to form a peculiar stone pillar.
Mankind in the 21 st century will be energetically exploiting underground space. The safe reinforcement and protection of the karst cave are particularly difficult, the karst cave is an underground corrosion phenomenon formed by the chemical action and the mechanical destruction action of surface water and underground water on a soluble rock stratum, and the stability and the mechanical distribution of surrounding rocks around the karst cave can be influenced by a geological site.
At present, some karst cave treatment methods are time-consuming and labor-consuming to operate, the construction period is influenced, protection on tunnel lining is only emphasized, and the karst cave treatment is neglected. Because the uncovered or hidden karst cave is not properly treated, various disasters are often brought to the use of the tunnel in the construction period and the operation period, tunnel surrounding rocks and a supporting structure are easy to deform, crack, destabilize until collapse during construction, the progress of the project is restricted, and the safety of constructors and mechanical equipment is threatened; in the operation period, if the treatment measures are not proper, the environment is deteriorated, the underground water level is lowered, and the follow-up disasters such as vegetation reduction, surface sandy soil loss, ground subsidence and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a safe reinforcing construction method for a karst cave.
The technical problem of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a safe reinforcing construction method for a karst cave is used for reinforcing concrete in the karst cave.
A safe reinforcing construction method for a karst cave is characterized in that concrete with the thickness of 5-100cm is plugged in the karst cave.
Preferably, the safe reinforcing construction method of the karst cave comprises the steps of arranging phi 25 mortar anchor rods with the distance of (1-1.5) m × (1-1.5) m in the karst cave, setting a template, pumping concrete for backfilling, applying net hanging and concrete spraying after the concrete strength reaches 75-80%, arranging drain pipes in the construction process to reduce muddy water siltation, if a large amount of sediments in the karst cave cannot be completely removed, densely distributing phi 42 advanced guide pipes for blasting before excavation according to conditions, applying steel arch frames after blasting is finished, setting the distance of 35-50cm, and then net hanging and concrete spraying, wherein the concrete thickness is 5-100 cm.
The reinforcing construction difficulty of the karst cave hall base is large, the construction space is limited, the environment is complex, karst development is realized, holes are prone to collapse after the holes are drilled in the local beaded karst cave, and the construction difficulty of the steel pipe pile is high. The grouting reinforcement work amount is large, the construction period is short and the geological condition is complex.
The preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: adding 4-9 parts by weight of water reducing agent and 5-10 parts by weight of emulsion into 200 parts by weight of water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; adding 280 parts by weight of 230-cement, 930-basalt broken stone, 170 parts by weight of sand and 40-60 parts by weight of kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly stirring and mixing, then adding the mixed solution, and continuously uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the cement.
Preferably, the preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: adding 4-9 parts by weight of water reducing agent and 5-10 parts by weight of emulsion into 200 parts by weight of water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; adding 280 parts by weight of 230-cement, 930-basalt broken stone, 170 parts by weight of sand and 40-60 parts by weight of modified kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly stirring and mixing, then adding the mixed solution, and continuously uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the cement.
The karst areas in China are widely distributed, the damage range extends to more fields in engineering, the serious damage is the problems of instability of karst cave roofs such as karst cave landscapes, mines and railways and collapse of karst cave foundations, and the research of the karst cave roofs is urgent. The stability problem of the karst cave top plate is an engineering problem which is provided by domestic science and technology personnel in engineering practice, and the research, the extraction method and the research purpose related to the problem are different abroad. At present, the research on the stability of the karst cave roof is mainly focused on the research on a theoretical evaluation method, and the indoor physical model and the field engineering research related to the roof stability research are few, so the research on the stability of the karst cave roof is still in a preliminary stage. In recent years, research on stability evaluation methods is greatly advanced, and analytical evaluation on the stability of karst cave foundations is performed by a certain amount of quantitative process from qualitative to semi-quantitative process.
Tracing back to the beginning of the 19 th century, belinen in france adopts a simple impact pump made of an artificial wood material to inject clay grout to reinforce masonry, and a grouting technology is produced, and after an american scholars aston marterlan cement in 1824 developed the cotterlan cement, a single cement grout becomes a main material in mine engineering application in some countries; in 1864, the Ali-Probemine adopts cement grouting for the first time to block water on the wall of the vertical shaft well, so that a good water blocking effect is achieved; in the 20 th century, along with the wide invention of various chemical grout and cement, the grouting technology and application reach an unprecedented advanced stage, mainly since the 60 th century in 20 th century, the organic polymer chemical grouting material is popularized and used in projects such as buildings, coal mine construction and the like in many countries at a high speed, and mainly represents countries such as English, French, Germany, American and the like. With the rapid development of grouting materials, equipment and techniques, grouting techniques have gained widespread use in almost all mining and geotechnical engineering.
The grouting is a top plate karst cave treatment technology which uses solid-liquid conveying equipment with a larger pressure source to inject a slurry material with filling, cementing and chemical modification properties into holes of a top plate of a roadway and micro cracks between layers so as to fully diffuse, gel or solidify the slurry material, thereby increasing the strength of a rock stratum and preventing the rock stratum from being greatly deformed, moved and collapsed.
The preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: (8-12): (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.5), stirring at 50-70 deg.C for 5-10h, centrifuging, removing supernatant, and drying at 80-95 deg.C for 8-12h to obtain modified kaolin.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: (8-12): (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.5), placing the mixture in a Co-60 gamma ray irradiation device with the dose rate of 0.5-1kGy/h at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ and carrying out irradiation stirring for 5-10h, centrifuging, discarding the supernatant, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 80-95 ℃ for 8-12h to obtain the modified kaolin.
Aiming at the karst cave roof roadway, the surrounding rock is reinforced by grouting the grouting anchor rod on the basis of spraying the mixed metal support, the integrity and the roof bearing capacity of the karst cave roof roadway surrounding rock can be enhanced, the stability of the roadway surrounding rock is ensured, the support system has the flexible pressure relief effect of the spraying and mixing support, the rigid pressure bearing effect of the metal support and the combined beam bearing effect of the anchor rod support, and the three support modes form a karst cave roof combined support system to jointly maintain the stability of the karst cave roof roadway.
Injecting fast-hardening grouting slurry to plug the cracks of the karst cave of the surrounding rock, and preventing the surrounding rock from being eroded by water of soft mud or Ordovician limestone of the karst cave outside the range of the top plate support to reduce the strength of the surrounding rock; after plugging and grouting, adopting concrete to glue loose and broken karst cave structural bodies in the plugging area into a unified whole, and improving the integral bearing capacity of the karst cave roof surrounding rock; the grouting anchor rod is anchored and supported to anchor the anchor rod in the whole length, the anchoring effect of the anchor rod support is utilized to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of the anchor rod support efficiency is improved, and the reliable and effective combined beam-arch performance is exerted; the thickness of the combined arch is increased, so that the load concentration acting on the bottom plate is reduced, the stability of the two walls is facilitated, and the stability of the arch top can be kept under the condition that the bottom plate and the two walls are stable; the size of a top plate supporting structure surface is increased by anchor rod grouting, and the acting bending moment of top plate load on the supporting structure surface is sharply reduced, so that karst cave top plate surrounding rock can bear larger top plate incoming pressure, and the comprehensive bearing capacity of the karst cave top plate supporting structure is effectively improved; the grouting anchor rod is utilized to fill surrounding rock karst cave cracks, formed anchor rod compressive stress arches and cement grout reinforced arches are matched with two passive supporting modes, a multi-layer effective combined arch supporting structure system is formed, the system can effectively improve the overall stress state of surrounding rocks of the karst cave roof roadway, the bearing capacity of the surrounding rocks is greatly improved, and the stability of the karst cave roof surrounding rocks can be comprehensively controlled.
The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The emulsion is soap-free silicone-acrylate emulsion and/or silicone emulsion. In one embodiment of the invention, the emulsion consists of 75-85 wt% soap-free silicone acrylic emulsion and 15-25 wt% silicone emulsion.
The particle size of the basalt broken stone is 8-22 mm.
The grain diameter of the sand is 0.2-0.7 mm.
The cement is P.O42.5 or P.O52.5 cement.
The rotating speed of the stirring is 50-500 r/min.
The centrifugation time is 15-25min, and the centrifugation rotating speed is 5000-.
In recent years, indexes such as tourist reception, tourist income, tourist satisfaction rate and the like of Shandong underground big canyon, Yishui underground fluorescent lake and Shandong Tianma island tourist area developed by the Longgang tourist group are in the forefront in the whole province, and the method surpasses a large set of mature scenic areas of old brands.
The Shandong underground big canyon tourist area is positioned under 8 kilometers of Longgang mountains in the southwest of Yishui county city, is a karst cave Wang with peculiar appearance, and is one of Yimeng underground geological peculiar core scenic area, a whole province key exploration project, one of ten most popular tourist scenic areas in Shandong, ten most beautiful places in Shandong, ten largest driftage resort in China, a national geological park and a national AAAA tourist area. The cavity extends along the 290-320-degree direction and is formed by the development of a huge karst crack in the northwest/southeast direction, and the cavity is formed about 0.65 hundred million years to 2.3 hundred million years ago. The length of the hole body is 6100 meters, and 3100 meters is developed at present. The hole is divided into nine large scenery sections, and there are one hundred scenery places such as 'a river', 'nine spring', 'nine palace', 'twelve waterfall', 'twelve gorges', etc. The underground large canyon drift is certified as 'Chinese longest karst cave drift' by Shanghai world kenis record headquarters. The tourist area is a tourist project integrating leisure, rest, entertainment, vacation and karst cave drifting.
The firefly water tunnel tourist area (originally Yishui underground fluorescent lake tourist area) is an oversize underground dark lake karst cave, is located under the Shimi mountain of 19 kilometers in the south of Yishui county city, and is a famous underground firefly water tunnel mysterious world. The karst cave is formed about 0.65 to 2.3 million years ago, and has a total length of 1200 m, a fluorescent lake area of 2.5 ten thousand square meters and a volume of 24 ten thousand cubic meters. Is a national geological park and an AAAA level tourist area. There are 5 scenic spots such as lake light, mountain color, interstellar illusion, dark hole, mysterious valley, river and crossing space-time, and more than 60 scenic spots in the tunnel. The tourist area can be compared favorably with the Aukrav vitamin multi-mole firefly cave of New Zealand, and is a unique landscape of 'rare world, first Asia and unique China'.
The safety reinforcing construction method of the karst cave is characterized in that the supply of tourism products is increasingly rich along with the development of tourism industry in China, the tourism products of types such as ecological tourism, cultural tourism, red tourism and the like are in endless, and the selection range of tourists is continuously expanded. The karst cave is used as a special tourism resource, the clock in the cave is distributed, the stalagmites are standing, the landscape forms are different, the sighing is stopped, and the karst cave is formed naturally; the method is developed as a tourist landscape, increases the instability of rocks on the wall of the cave, causes the oscillation of a karst cave system, researches the karst cave, explores a karst cave safety reinforcing process, has simple process, convenient construction, lower cost, is scientific, effective, energy-saving and environment-friendly, greatly shortens the construction period and ensures the construction quality.
Detailed Description
The test method is carried out by referring to the performance research and mechanism analysis of limestone powder as concrete admixture in Wen Jun Qiang Bao Dynasty university paper 6.4.1 chloride ion permeability test, and the test instrument adopts a rapid chlorine ion permeability tester with model number NEL-PDR provided by Tianqingda test instrument company.
And (3) testing the freezing resistance: the frost resistance test is carried out according to a frost resistance test method specified in building material industry standard concrete pavement brick JC 446-2000.
Test standards for compressive strength: GB50081-2002 common concrete mechanical property test method.
Introduction of raw materials in the examples:
in the examples, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is prepared by the method shown in example 4 in Chinese patent with the reference application number of 201110460995.6.
Examples soap-free silicone-acrylate emulsions were prepared by the method shown in example 2 of chinese patent application No. 201410308702.6.
The cement in the examples is p.o42.5 portland cement supplied by kuntongqing cement co.
In the embodiment, the basalt broken stone is provided by Lingshou county and light-duty mineral processing factory with the grain diameter of 1-2 cm.
In the embodiment, the sand is river sand with the particle size of 0.35-0.5mm, which is provided by a marble mineral product processing factory in Lingshou county.
The kaolin clay in the examples is a 325 mesh calcined kaolin clay provided by the Lingshou county Shuolong product processing plant.
Examples ethanol, CAS number: 64-17-5.
Examples cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CAS number: 57-09-0.
Examples hexadecamamide, CAS number: 629-54-9.
Examples silicone emulsions were prepared by the method shown in example 1 of chinese patent application No. 201110113211.2.
In the embodiment, the mixer is a forced concrete mixer with model JS500 provided by Henan east Chen mechanical equipment Co.
In the embodiment, the irradiation device is provided by Beijing three-strength nuclear power radiation engineering technology, Inc., and the radioactive source is a 30 ten thousand Curie Co-60 gamma ray radiation source.
Example 1
A safe reinforcing construction method of a karst cave comprises the steps of sealing and blocking concrete with the thickness of 70cm in the karst cave, specifically, arranging a phi 25 mortar anchor rod with the depth of 2m and the thickness of 1.2m × 1.2.2 m in the karst cave, arranging a template, pumping the concrete for backfilling, wherein the backfilling thickness of the concrete is 30cm, constructing a hanging net to spray concrete with the thickness of 40cm after the concrete strength reaches 75%, arranging a drain pipe in construction engineering to reduce muddy water siltation, densely distributing phi 42 advanced guide pipes for blasting according to conditions before excavation if a large amount of sludge in the karst cave cannot be removed completely, constructing steel arch frames in time after blasting, and spraying the concrete with the thickness of 40cm by hanging net after the steel arch frames are arranged at intervals.
The preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: adding 7 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducer and 8 parts by weight of soap-free silicone-acrylate emulsion into 180 parts by weight of water, stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; adding 260 parts by weight of cement, 950 parts by weight of basalt macadam, 160 parts by weight of sand and 50 parts by weight of kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly mixing at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 5 minutes, adding the mixed solution, continuously stirring at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete.
Example 2
A safe reinforcing construction method of a karst cave comprises the steps of sealing and blocking concrete with the thickness of 70cm in the karst cave, specifically, arranging a phi 25 mortar anchor rod with the depth of 2m and the thickness of 1.2m × 1.2.2 m in the karst cave, arranging a template, pumping the concrete for backfilling, wherein the backfilling thickness of the concrete is 30cm, constructing a hanging net to spray concrete with the thickness of 40cm after the concrete strength reaches 75%, arranging a drain pipe in construction engineering to reduce muddy water siltation, densely distributing phi 42 advanced guide pipes for blasting according to conditions before excavation if a large amount of sludge in the karst cave cannot be removed completely, constructing steel arch frames in time after blasting, and spraying the concrete with the thickness of 40cm by hanging net after the steel arch frames are arranged at intervals.
The preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: adding 7 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducer and 8 parts by weight of soap-free silicone-acrylate emulsion into 180 parts by weight of water, stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; adding 260 parts by weight of cement, 950 parts by weight of basalt macadam, 160 parts by weight of sand and 50 parts by weight of modified kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly mixing at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 5min, adding the mixed solution, continuously stirring at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 10min, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete.
The preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10: 0.2: 0.2, placing the mixture in a Co-60 gamma ray irradiation device with the dose rate of 0.8kGy/h at the temperature of 60 ℃, irradiating the mixture, stirring the mixture for 7 hours at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions per minute, centrifuging the mixture for 20 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 revolutions per minute, removing supernatant, and drying the precipitate for 10 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain the modified kaolin.
Example 3
A safe reinforcing construction method of a karst cave comprises the steps of sealing and blocking concrete with the thickness of 70cm in the karst cave, specifically, arranging a phi 25 mortar anchor rod with the depth of 2m and the thickness of 1.2m × 1.2.2 m in the karst cave, arranging a template, pumping the concrete for backfilling, wherein the backfilling thickness of the concrete is 30cm, constructing a hanging net to spray concrete with the thickness of 40cm after the concrete strength reaches 75%, arranging a drain pipe in construction engineering to reduce muddy water siltation, densely distributing phi 42 advanced guide pipes for blasting according to conditions before excavation if a large amount of sludge in the karst cave cannot be removed completely, constructing steel arch frames in time after blasting, and spraying the concrete with the thickness of 40cm by hanging net after the steel arch frames are arranged at intervals.
The preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: adding 7 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducer and 8 parts by weight of soap-free silicone-acrylate emulsion into 180 parts by weight of water, stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; adding 260 parts by weight of cement, 950 parts by weight of basalt macadam, 160 parts by weight of sand and 50 parts by weight of modified kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly mixing at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 5min, adding the mixed solution, continuously stirring at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 10min, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete.
The preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10: 0.2: 0.2, stirring for 7 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ at the rotating speed of 150 rpm, centrifuging for 20 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 rpm, removing the supernatant, and drying the precipitate for 10 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain the modified kaolin.
Example 4
A safe reinforcing construction method of a karst cave comprises the steps of sealing and blocking concrete with the thickness of 70cm in the karst cave, specifically, arranging a phi 25 mortar anchor rod with the depth of 2m and the thickness of 1.2m × 1.2.2 m in the karst cave, arranging a template, pumping the concrete for backfilling, wherein the backfilling thickness of the concrete is 30cm, constructing a hanging net to spray concrete with the thickness of 40cm after the concrete strength reaches 75%, arranging a drain pipe in construction engineering to reduce muddy water siltation, densely distributing phi 42 advanced guide pipes for blasting according to conditions before excavation if a large amount of sludge in the karst cave cannot be removed completely, constructing steel arch frames in time after blasting, and spraying the concrete with the thickness of 40cm by hanging net after the steel arch frames are arranged at intervals.
The preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: adding 7 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducer and 8 parts by weight of silicone emulsion into 180 parts by weight of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20min to uniformly mix to obtain a mixed solution; adding 260 parts by weight of cement, 950 parts by weight of basalt macadam, 160 parts by weight of sand and 50 parts by weight of modified kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly mixing at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 5min, adding the mixed solution, continuously stirring at a rotation speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 10min, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete.
The preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10: 0.2: 0.2, placing the mixture in a Co-60 gamma ray irradiation device with the dose rate of 0.8kGy/h at the temperature of 60 ℃, irradiating the mixture, stirring the mixture for 7 hours at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions per minute, centrifuging the mixture for 20 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 revolutions per minute, removing supernatant, and drying the precipitate for 10 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain the modified kaolin.
Example 5
A safe reinforcing construction method of a karst cave comprises the steps of sealing and blocking concrete with the thickness of 70cm in the karst cave, specifically, arranging a phi 25 mortar anchor rod with the depth of 2m and the thickness of 1.2m × 1.2.2 m in the karst cave, arranging a template, pumping the concrete for backfilling, wherein the backfilling thickness of the concrete is 30cm, constructing a hanging net to spray concrete with the thickness of 40cm after the concrete strength reaches 75%, arranging a drain pipe in construction engineering to reduce muddy water siltation, densely distributing phi 42 advanced guide pipes for blasting according to conditions before excavation if a large amount of sludge in the karst cave cannot be removed completely, constructing steel arch frames in time after blasting, and spraying the concrete with the thickness of 40cm by hanging net after the steel arch frames are arranged at intervals.
The preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: 7 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 6.4 parts by weight of soap-free silicone-acrylate emulsion and 1.6 parts by weight of silicone emulsionAdding the cement 260 parts by weight, the basalt macadam 950 parts by weight, the sand 160 parts by weight and the modified kaolin 50 parts by weight into a concrete mixer, stirring the mixture for 5min at the rotating speed of 90 revolutions per minute, then adding the mixed solution, continuously stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 90 revolutions per minute, and finally obtaining the concrete, wherein the chloride ion diffusion coefficient is 3.87 × 10 according to the performance test result of the concrete- 12m2(s), the strength loss of 25 times of freeze-thaw cycle is 9.0%; and (3) after the concrete is reinforced in the karst cave, carrying out strength test at 28d, wherein the compressive strength is 40.3 MPa.
The preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10: 0.2: 0.2, placing the mixture in a Co-60 gamma ray irradiation device with the dose rate of 0.8kGy/h at the temperature of 60 ℃, irradiating the mixture, stirring the mixture for 7 hours at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions per minute, centrifuging the mixture for 20 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 revolutions per minute, removing supernatant, and drying the precipitate for 10 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain the modified kaolin.
Obviously, in the invention, the concrete prepared in the examples 1 to 4 can also be directly plugged in the karst cave by adopting a method which is commonly used in the field, and the thickness is controlled to be 5 to 100cm, thereby completing the safe reinforcing construction of the karst cave.
Test example 1
The concrete prepared in examples 1 to 4 was tested for chloride ion diffusion coefficient and 25 freeze-thaw cycle strength loss performance, and the specific test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: test result table
Test example 2
The concrete prepared in examples 1 to 4 was subjected to strength test 28d after the cave was reinforced. The specific test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: table of compressive strength test results
| Compressive strength (MPa) | |
| Example 1 | 34.8 |
| Example 2 | 38.1 |
| Example 3 | 36.9 |
| Example 4 | 37.6 |
As shown in Table 1, the concrete of examples 2 and 3 of the present invention has greatly improved resistance to chloride ion penetration and freezing by modifying kaolin. The reason for this is probably that the modified kaolin has good ability of combining with chloride ions, and the content of free chloride ions is effectively reduced, so that the effect of reducing the corrosion of chloride ions is achieved, and meanwhile, the dispersibility of kaolin in the system is obviously improved, which is beneficial to improving the mechanical property.
The safety reinforcing construction method of the karst cave is characterized in that the supply of tourism products is increasingly rich along with the development of tourism industry in China, the tourism products of types such as ecological tourism, cultural tourism, red tourism and the like are in endless, and the selection range of tourists is continuously expanded. The karst cave is used as a special tourism resource, the clock in the cave is distributed, the stalagmites are standing, the landscape forms are different, the sighing is stopped, and the karst cave is formed naturally; the method is developed as a tourist landscape, increases the instability of rocks on the wall of the cave, causes the oscillation of a karst cave system, researches the karst cave, explores a karst cave safety reinforcing process, has simple process, convenient construction, lower cost, is scientific, effective, energy-saving and environment-friendly, greatly shortens the construction period and ensures the construction quality.
Claims (6)
1. A safe reinforcing construction method of a karst cave is characterized in that concrete is reinforced in the karst cave;
the preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps: adding 4-9 parts by weight of water reducing agent and 5-10 parts by weight of emulsion into 200 parts by weight of water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; adding 280 parts by weight of 230-cement, 930-cement 970 parts by weight of basalt broken stone, 170 parts by weight of sand and 40-60 parts by weight of modified kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly stirring and mixing, then adding the mixed solution, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the cement;
the preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: (8-12): (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.5), placing the mixture in a Co-60 gamma ray irradiation device with the dose rate of 0.5-1kGy/h at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ and carrying out irradiation stirring for 5-10h, centrifuging, removing supernate, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 80-95 ℃ for 8-12h to obtain modified kaolin;
the emulsion consists of 75-85 wt% soap-free silicone acrylic emulsion and 15-25 wt% silicone emulsion.
2. The safe reinforcing construction method of the karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that phi 25 mortar anchor rods with the distance of (1-1.5) m × (1-1.5) m are arranged inside the karst cave, the depth of the anchor rods is 1.5-2.5m, a template is arranged, concrete is pumped for backfilling, after the concrete strength reaches 75-80%, a net hanging and concrete spraying is carried out, a drain pipe is arranged in the construction process to reduce mud water siltation, if a large amount of sludge in the karst cave can not be completely removed, phi 42 guide pipes are densely distributed according to the situation before excavation for blasting, steel arch frames are timely constructed after blasting, the distance is 35-50cm, then the net hanging and concrete spraying is carried out, and the concrete thickness is 5-100 cm.
3. The safe reinforcing construction method for the karst cave according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
4. The safe reinforcing construction method of the karst cave according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the basalt broken stone is 8-22 mm; the grain diameter of the sand is 0.2-0.7 mm; the cement is P.O 42.5.5 or P.O 52.5.5 cement.
5. The method for reinforcing and constructing the karst cave according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugation time is 15-25min, and the centrifugation rotation speed is 5000-.
6. The safe reinforcing construction method of the karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that the safe reinforcing construction method of the karst cave is to seal up concrete with the thickness of 70cm in the karst cave, specifically, a phi 25 mortar anchor rod with the depth of 2m and the thickness of 1.2m × 1.2.2 m is arranged in the karst cave, a template is arranged, then the concrete is pumped for backfilling, the concrete backfilling thickness is 30cm, after the concrete strength reaches 75%, a net hanging and spraying concrete with the thickness of 40cm are carried out, a drain pipe is arranged in the construction project to reduce mud and water siltation, if a large amount of sediments in the karst cave can not be removed, a phi 42 advanced guide pipe is densely distributed before excavation for blasting, after blasting, a steel arch is timely carried out, the distance is 40cm, and then a concrete with the thickness of 40cm is sprayed in a net hanging manner;
the preparation method of the concrete comprises the steps of adding 7 parts by weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 6.4 parts by weight of soap-free silicone-acrylic emulsion and 1.6 parts by weight of silicone emulsion into 180 parts by weight of water, uniformly mixing at a rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20min to obtain a mixed solution, adding 260 parts by weight of cement, 950 parts by weight of basalt broken stone, 160 parts by weight of sand and 50 parts by weight of modified kaolin into a concrete mixer, uniformly mixing at a rotating speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 5min, adding the mixed solution, continuously stirring at a rotating speed of 90 revolutions per minute for 10min, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete, wherein the concrete performance test result shows that the chloride ion diffusion coefficient is 3.87 × 10-12m2(s), the strength loss of 25 times of freeze-thaw cycle is 9.0%; after the concrete is reinforced in the karst cave, carrying out strength test at 28d, wherein the compressive strength is 40.3 MPa;
the preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps: kaolin, ethanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl carbamide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10: 0.2: 0.2, placing the mixture in a Co-60 gamma ray irradiation device with the dose rate of 0.8kGy/h at the temperature of 60 ℃, irradiating the mixture, stirring the mixture for 7 hours at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions per minute, centrifuging the mixture for 20 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 revolutions per minute, removing supernatant, and drying the precipitate for 10 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain the modified kaolin.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB366304A (en) * | 1930-06-04 | 1932-02-04 | Nicolaas Van Der Willik | Moulded articles such as tiles, plates, floor-and wall-coverings and process for their manufacture |
| CN102515652A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-06-27 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司 | Formula of high-tenacity sprayed concrete |
| CN104790980A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-22 | 济南城建集团有限公司 | Method for treating karst caves in tunnel construction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB366304A (en) * | 1930-06-04 | 1932-02-04 | Nicolaas Van Der Willik | Moulded articles such as tiles, plates, floor-and wall-coverings and process for their manufacture |
| CN102515652A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-06-27 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司 | Formula of high-tenacity sprayed concrete |
| CN104790980A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-22 | 济南城建集团有限公司 | Method for treating karst caves in tunnel construction |
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