CN107887269A - 一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺 - Google Patents
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,包括以下步骤:1)将硅片放入等离子体刻蚀机腔体中,经过氧等离子体轰击清洗;2)刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为1‑2∶1,并通入流量5‑10sccm的CH4,控制工作气压为10‑20Pa,射频源功率100W,刻蚀时间为10‑15min;3)用NaOH溶液清洗硅片。在本发明中我们提供了一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,本发明中我们首先利用刻蚀气体SF6/O2与Si反应聚合形成化学性质稳定的SiOyFx聚合物层,阻碍了进一步刻蚀,从而优化刻蚀效果,而CH4的加入可使离子获得更高的能量,粒子轰击效应增强,使硅片少子寿命和晶体硅电池填充因子明显提高,最后利用低浓度碱溶液处理,以达到去除损伤层和对样品表面结构重构的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池硅片制造领域,具体涉及一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺。
背景技术
传统太阳能电池生产工艺中湿法刻蚀产生的环境和水资源的污染以及化学废弃物的处理成本成为影响产业发展的重要问题。为了解决这些问题,干法刻蚀工艺逐渐引起了人们的兴趣和关注。通过干法刻蚀,在晶体硅电池表面制备绒面结构,增加硅片表面入射太阳光的反射次数,延长太阳光在硅片内部的光程,从而提高太阳能电池片的光电转换效率。此外,相对于传统的湿法刻蚀,干法刻蚀较小的绒面尺寸更有利于太阳能电池的薄片化。但是干法刻蚀工艺不可避免的会在硅片表面造成一定损伤,从而影响少子寿命。本发明中我们利用干法刻蚀太阳能电池片,同时利用低浓度碱溶液处理,以达到去除损伤层和对样品表面结构重构的作用。
专利CN103746029A提供了一种单晶硅太阳能电池片的干法刻蚀工艺,步骤包括将装好硅片的夹具放入等离子体刻蚀机腔体,抽真空,通入反应气体CF4和O2刻蚀;专利CN102290494提供了一种太阳能电池片干法刻蚀工艺,所述工艺包括两步干法刻蚀:抽真空,通入气体CF4和O2,,用射频电源去掉硅片边缘表面SiO2;排除废气,再次通入CF4和O2,对腔体稳压,用射频电源去掉硅片边缘Si;发明虽然减少了气体用量,但是分两步进行,流程较复杂,同时这两个发明都是利用CF4和O2刻蚀,且未曾对刻蚀后的硅片进行进一步的处理,损伤层还是存在,这对硅片的合格率有着一定的影响。
在本发明中我们提供了一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,本发明中我们首先利用刻蚀气体SF6/O2与Si反应聚合形成化学性质稳定的SiOyFx聚合物层,阻碍了进一步刻蚀,从而优化刻蚀效果,而CH4的加入可使离子获得更高的能量,粒子轰击效应增强,使硅片少子寿命和晶体硅电池填充因子明显提高,最后利用低浓度碱溶液处理,以达到去除损伤层和对样品表面结构重构的作用。
发明内容
在本发明中我们提供了一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,首先利用刻蚀气体SF6/O2与Si反应聚合形成化学性质稳定的SiOyFx聚合物层,阻碍了进一步刻蚀,从而优化刻蚀效果,同时利用CH4使离子获得更高的能量,粒子轰击效应增强,使得硅片少子寿命和晶体硅电池填充因子明显提高,最后利用低浓度碱溶液处理,以达到去除损伤层和对样品表面结构重构的作用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)将硅片放入等离子体刻蚀机腔体中,经过氧等离子体轰击清洗8-10min,射频源功率100W,反应气压2-10Pa;
2)刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为1-2∶1,并通入流量5-10sccm的CH4,控制工作气压为10-20Pa,射频源功率100W,刻蚀时间为10-15min;
3)用浓度为1-5%NaOH溶液清洗硅片,时间为30-60s。
优选地,所述硅片为电阻率5-10Ω·cm的P型CZ单晶硅片。
优选地,所述刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为2∶1。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.干法刻蚀会对硅片表面造成损伤,表面缺陷态密度增加,而低浓度的碱溶液能有效去除硅片表面损伤层,控制碱处理的时间,可以使得损伤层变薄甚至完全去除。干法刻蚀的优势是不受硅片晶向影响,能得到规则排列的锥形结构,有利于后续钝化的进行。但干法刻蚀不可避免的会在硅片表面造成一定损伤,从而影响少子寿命。发明中利用低浓度碱溶液处理电池片,从而能达到去除损伤层和对样品表面结构重构的作用,同时在一定的时间下还能使样品少子寿命增加。
2.CH4的加入可使离子获得更高的能量,粒子轰击效应增强,这能使所制备锥型结构的顶部类似于倒金字塔结构,倒金字塔形貌可以避免锥型微结构顶端和棱边在硅基底上产生较大的应力,可减少硅体内位错类型的缺陷形成,进而使硅片少子寿命显著提高。这种结构的锥型微结构绒面还可降低金属与硅发射极之间的接触电阻,使晶体硅电池填充因子得到明显提高。
3.由于在等离子体中F会对晶体硅表面的Si优先刻蚀,而表面随机分布的氧化硅球在后续的刻蚀中就起到了掩膜的作用。不仅如此,在刻蚀过程中,O与Si及F反应生成大量的中性粒子,这些粒子聚合在基底表面形成化学性质稳定的SiOyFx聚合物层,这些聚合物聚集在微结构顶端和侧壁也起到钝化作用,阻碍了这一区域刻蚀的进行,从而优化刻蚀效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例详细说明本发明,但本发明并不局限于具体实施例。
实施例1:
1)将电阻率为5Ω·cm的P型CZ单晶硅片放入等离子体刻蚀机腔体中,经过氧等离子体轰击清洗10min,射频源功率100W,反应气压2Pa;
2)刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为2∶1,并通入流量5sccm的CH4,控制工作气压为10Pa,射频源功率100W,刻蚀时间为10min;
3)用浓度为5%NaOH溶液清洗硅片,时间为30s。
对比例1:
1)将电阻率为5Ω·cm的P型CZ单晶硅片放入等离子体刻蚀机腔体中,经过氧等离子体轰击清洗10min,射频源功率100W,反应气压2Pa;
2)刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为2∶1,控制工作气压为10Pa,射频源功率100W,刻蚀时间为10min;
3)用浓度为5%NaOH溶液清洗硅片,时间为30s。
相对于实施例1,对比例1中未通入CH4,。
对比例2:
1)将电阻率为5Ω·cm的P型CZ单晶硅片放入等离子体刻蚀机腔体中,经过氧等离子体轰击清洗10min,射频源功率100W,反应气压2Pa;
2)刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为2∶1,并通入流量5sccm的CH4,控制工作气压为10Pa,射频源功率100W,刻蚀时间为10min。
相对于实施例1,对比例2中未使用NaOH溶液清洗硅片。
采用实施例1和对比例1-2中工艺批量生产后,每组抽样1000片,测试对比数据如下表:
由表中数据可知,实施例1中电池的合格率相对于对比例1-2中明显提高,这是由于实施例1中的CH4能够使离子获得更高的能量,增强粒子轰击效应,从而使硅片少子寿命和晶体硅电池填充因子提高,同时还利用了低浓度的碱溶液处理去除损伤层,对样品表面结构重构,从而达到合格率提升的目的。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,此实施例为最优实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (3)
1.一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将硅片放入等离子体刻蚀机腔体中,经过氧等离子体轰击清洗8-10min,射频源功率100W,反应气压2-10Pa;
2)刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为1-2∶1,并通入流量5-10sccm的CH4,控制工作气压为10-20Pa,射频源功率100W,刻蚀时间为10-15min;
3)用浓度为1-5%NaOH溶液清洗硅片,时间为30-60s。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,其特征在于,所述硅片为电阻率5-10Ω·cm的P型CZ单晶硅片。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种晶体硅太阳能电池刻蚀工艺,其特征在于,所述刻蚀气体SF6/O2气体流量比为2∶1。
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