CN107884062B - Three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber bragg grating sensor with self-temperature compensation characteristic - Google Patents
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001290864 Schoenoplectus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with self-temperature compensation characteristic, which belongs to the technical field of fiber sensing, and comprises a vibrator, an elastic element and a micro-vibration sensing element, wherein the elastic element and the vibrator form the micro-vibration sensing element, and the external measured three-dimensional micro-vibration information is converted into the relative movement of the three-dimensional position of the vibrator; one end of the elastic element is connected with the vibrator, and the other end of the elastic element is fixed on the sensor protection shell; the micro-vibration sensing element is divided into a first micro-vibration sensing element, a second micro-vibration sensing element, a third micro-vibration sensing element and a fourth micro-vibration sensing element, one end of the micro-vibration sensing element is fixedly connected with the sensor protection shell, the center points of four planes where the other end is located are placed according to equal triangles, and the vibrator is located at the center positions of the triangles. The invention has high sensitivity sensitization effect, increases adaptability to the mutation of the detected signal, and has better application effect in the aspect of three-dimensional micro-vibration measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a double-tipping-bucket type optical fiber grating rainfall sensor with a temperature self-compensation characteristic.
Background
The fiber grating sensor has the advantages of small size, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance, good reusability and the like which are not possessed by other types of sensors, and has rapid development in recent years, and various fiber grating sensing products are developed and widely applied.
However, fiber grating sensing techniques involve relatively little in three-dimensional microvibration measurement.
In the prior art, a fiber grating three-dimensional acceleration/vibration sensor (application number 200710151178.6) realizes three-dimensional acceleration/vibration measurement through three bending beams which are distributed vertically to each other, but the influence of temperature on a measurement result is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with self-temperature compensation characteristics, which not only has a high-sensitivity sensitization effect, but also increases the adaptability to the mutation of a detected signal, and has a better application effect in the aspect of three-dimensional micro-vibration measurement.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with a self-temperature compensation characteristic comprises a vibrator, an elastic element and a micro-vibration sensing element, wherein the elastic element and the vibrator form the micro-vibration sensing element, and three-dimensional micro-vibration information measured from the outside is converted into relative movement of the three-dimensional position of the vibrator; one end of the elastic element is connected with the vibrator, and the other end of the elastic element is fixed on the sensor protection shell; the micro-vibration sensing element is divided into a first micro-vibration sensing element, a second micro-vibration sensing element, a third micro-vibration sensing element and a fourth micro-vibration sensing element, one end of the micro-vibration sensing element is fixedly connected with the sensor protection shell, the center points of four planes where the other end is located are placed according to the equal-triangle bodies, and the vibrators are located at the center positions of the triangle bodies.
The elastic element comprises a first elastic element, a second elastic element, a third elastic element and a fourth elastic element which are positioned on the same surface, one end of the elastic element is fixed on the center point of the four surfaces of the sensor protection shell, and the other end of the elastic element is connected with the vibrator.
The micro-vibration sensitive element comprises an iron core, a coil, a permanent magnet, a sensitive characteristic diaphragm, an optical fiber grating and an optical fiber tail fiber, wherein the iron core is cylindrical, the coil is a copper wire wound on the iron core, the sensitive characteristic diaphragm is arranged on the upper surface of the iron core, and the permanent magnet is arranged at the center point of the lower surface of the sensitive characteristic diaphragm.
The fiber bragg grating is led out of the sensor through the fiber pigtail through the fiber leading-out hole.
The permanent magnet is of a cylindrical structure with fixed magnetic intensity, and the sensitive characteristic membrane is of a corrugated membrane sheet shape; the permanent magnet is connected with the elastic membrane, and the vibration force generated by the interaction of the permanent magnet and the vibrator is converted into the vibration of the elastic membrane.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the placement of the triangular body of the micro-vibration sensitive element is more beneficial to the stability of the three-dimensional structure of the sensor; the sensor is sensitized by utilizing the relation that the electromagnetic field distribution and the distance distribution form a power of three, so that the detection precision of the sensor is further improved; the design of the damping structure of the iron core coil increases the adaptability of the sensor to the measured mutation, and improves the detection performance of the sensor; the method has the advantages of high sensitivity, increased adaptability to the mutation of the detected signal and good application effect in the aspect of three-dimensional micro-vibration measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with self-temperature compensation characteristics;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spatial placement of a micro-vibration sensor;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic of a micro-vibration sensor;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with the self-temperature compensation characteristic.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples of implementation.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the reference numerals are: the sensor comprises a first elastic element 1, a second elastic element 2, a third elastic element 3, a fourth elastic element 4, a vibrator 5, a first micro-vibration sensitive element 6, a second micro-vibration sensitive element 7, a third micro-vibration sensitive element 8, a fourth micro-vibration sensitive element 9, an optical fiber leading-out hole 10, a sensor protection shell 1I, an iron core 12, a coil 13, a permanent magnet 14, an elastic membrane 15, a first optical fiber grating 16, a second optical fiber grating 17, a third optical fiber grating 18, a fourth optical fiber grating 19 and an optical fiber tail 20. Wherein, the central axis 1 of the first micro-vibration sensitive element 6, the central axis 2 of the second micro-vibration sensitive element 7, the central axis 3 of the third micro-vibration sensitive element 8 and the central axis 4 of the fourth micro-vibration sensitive element 9.
The three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with the self-temperature compensation characteristic comprises a vibrator 5 and an elastic element, wherein the elastic element and the vibrator 5 form a micro-vibration sensing element for converting external measured three-dimensional micro-vibration information into relative movement of the three-dimensional position of the vibrator 5; the vibrator 5 is arranged at the center position in the sensor protection shell 11, one end of the elastic element is connected with the vibrator 5, and the other end of the elastic element is fixed on the sensor protection shell 11. The vibrator 5 is used for converting the three-dimensional micro-vibration information of the outside to be measured, and has a prestretching function on the elastic element, so that the dead zone of the sensor detection is avoided.
The elastic elements comprise a first elastic element 1, a second elastic element 2, a third elastic element 3 and a fourth elastic element 4. The first elastic element 1, the second elastic element 2, the third elastic element 3 and the fourth elastic element 4 are positioned on the same surface, the materials and the geometric parameters are the same, one ends of the first elastic element 1, the second elastic element 2, the third elastic element 3 and the fourth elastic element 4 are respectively connected with the center points of the four surfaces of the sensor protection shell 11, and the other ends of the elastic element 1, the second elastic element 2, the third elastic element 3 and the fourth elastic element 4 are connected with the vibrator 5.
The elastic element is a spring or other element having elastic strain.
The micro-vibration sensitive element comprises an iron core 12, a coil 13, a permanent magnet 14, a sensitive characteristic diaphragm 15, an optical fiber grating and an optical fiber tail fiber 20, wherein the iron core 12 is cylindrical, the coil 13 is a copper wire wound on the iron core 12, the sensitive characteristic diaphragm 15 is arranged on the upper surface of the iron core 12, and the permanent magnet 14 is arranged at the center point of the lower surface of the sensitive characteristic diaphragm 15.
The permanent magnet 14 is of a cylindrical structure with fixed magnetic intensity, and the sensitive characteristic membrane 15 is of a corrugated membrane sheet shape.
The fiber bragg grating is led out of the sensor through the fiber pigtail 20 and the fiber leading-out hole 10.
The micro-vibration sensing element is divided into a first micro-vibration sensing element 6, a second micro-vibration sensing element 7, a third micro-vibration sensing element 8 and a fourth micro-vibration sensing element 9, wherein the optical fiber gratings are divided into a first optical fiber grating 16, a second optical fiber grating 17, a third optical fiber grating 18 and a fourth optical fiber grating 19, the first micro-vibration sensing element 6 comprises the first optical fiber grating 16, the second micro-vibration sensing element 7 comprises the second optical fiber grating 17, the third micro-vibration sensing element 8 comprises the third optical fiber grating 18, and the fourth micro-vibration sensing element 9 comprises the fourth optical fiber grating 19.
One end of the first micro-vibration sensitive element 6, the second micro-vibration sensitive element 7, the third micro-vibration sensitive element 8 and the fourth micro-vibration sensitive element 9 is fixedly connected with the sensor protection shell 11, the center point of the other end is placed according to the equal triangle, and the vibrator 5 is positioned at the center position of the triangle.
The center points of the four planes where the first fiber bragg grating 16, the second fiber bragg grating 17, the third fiber bragg grating 18 and the fourth fiber bragg grating 19 are located are placed according to the four end points of the regular triangle.
The permanent magnet 14 in the micro-vibration sensitive element is connected with the elastic diaphragm 15, so that the vibration force generated by the interaction of the permanent magnet 14 and the vibrator 5 is converted into the vibration of the elastic diaphragm, and the elastic diaphragm carries out micro-vibration modulation on the fiber bragg grating, so that the drift of the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating is influenced; the fiber bragg grating not only has the function of detecting external micro-vibration signals, but also can realize the temperature self-compensation characteristic of the sensor.
The working process comprises the following steps: after the sensor is installed, the external measured three-dimensional micro-vibration signal causes the sensor to vibrate as a whole: because of the influence of inertia, the three-dimensional space position of the vibrator 5 changes under the action of the elastic element; the change of the three-dimensional position of the vibrator 5 causes the change of the relative space distance between the vibrator and the micro-vibration sensitive element; thereby causing the magnitude of the acting force between the permanent magnet 15 and the vibrator 5 to change; the elastic membrane 15 deforms under the acting force to cause the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating on the surface to drift; the information of the measured three-dimensional micro-vibration signal can be obtained by analyzing the drift inversion of the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating, and the sensor is used for measuring the measured three-dimensional micro-vibration signal.
The specific workflow of the sensor is described as follows:
Assuming that the center point of the vibrator 5 coincides with the origin of the rectangular coordinate system, and the central axis 4 of the fourth micro-vibration sensing element 9 coincides with the Z axis, the central axis 1 of the first micro-vibration sensing element 6 coincides with the X axis in the rectangular coordinate system XOY plane projection.
Assuming that the external measured micro-vibration information v (f) vibrates along the rectangular coordinate system Z-axis, the offset O 5 (f) of the three-dimensional position of the vibrator 5 can be expressed as:
O5(f)＝g[k1，k2，k3，k4，v(f)] (1)
In the formula, k1, k2, k3 and k4 respectively represent the elastic coefficients of the first elastic element 1, the second elastic element 2, the third elastic element 3 and the fourth elastic element 4, and g (x) represents a functional relationship of the three-dimensional space position offset of the vibrator 5 under the action of the external measured micro-vibration information v (f). When the sensor material and the geometric parameters are determined, g (x) is a specific function and can be obtained through calibration tests. The basic theory of electromagnetism can obtain that the distribution intensity of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet is inversely proportional to the square of the space distance from the permanent magnet, namely, the three-square sensitization effect exists between the acting force between the permanent magnet and the vibrator 5 and the three-dimensional space position offset of the vibrator 5.
When the three-dimensional space position of the vibrator 5 is shifted, the acting forces F 1(f)、F2(f)、F3(f)、F4 (F) between the permanent magnet and the vibrator 5 in the first micro-vibration sensing element 6, the second micro-vibration sensing element 7, the third micro-vibration sensing element 8, and the fourth micro-vibration sensing element 9 can be expressed as follows:
F1(f)＝O1[B,O3 5(f)] (2)
F2(f)＝O1[B,O3 5(f)] (3)
F3(f)＝O3[B,O3 5(f)] (4)
F4(f)＝O4[B,O3 5(f)] (5)
Wherein B represents the electromagnetic intensity of the permanent magnet 14, and O i (x) represents the functional relation between the acting force between the permanent magnet 14 and the vibrator 5 and the three-dimensional spatial position offset of the vibrator 5. Under the action of the acting force F 1(f)、F2(f)、F3(f)、F4 (F), the surface strain epsilon 1(f)、ε2(f)、ε3(f)、ε4 (F) of the elastic membrane 15 in the first micro-vibration sensitive element 6, the second micro-vibration sensitive element 7, the third micro-vibration sensitive element 8 and the fourth micro-vibration sensitive element 9 can be expressed as follows:
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the elastic membrane, v is the Poisson's ratio of the membrane, H is the thickness of the membrane, and R is the radius of the membrane. The surface strain epsilon 1(f)、ε2(f)、ε3(f)、ε4 (f) of the elastic diaphragm 15 can obtain the vibration frequency of the permanent magnet which is the same as that of the external micro-vibration to be measured. At this time, the electromagnetic coil formed by the iron core and the coil generates an induced magnetic field under the action of the alternating magnetic field generated by the dynamic permanent magnet, so as to block the change of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet and play a certain role in damping. This improves the adaptability of the sensor to the detected abrupt signals and improves the detection performance of the sensor. Under the strain action of the elastic diaphragm, the drift Δλ 1(f)、Δλ2(f)、Δλ3(f)、Δλ4 (f) of the central wavelengths of the first fiber bragg grating 16, the second fiber bragg grating 17, the third fiber bragg grating 18 and the fourth fiber bragg grating 19 in the first micro-vibration sensing element 6, the second micro-vibration sensing element 7, the third micro-vibration sensing element 8 and the fourth micro-vibration sensing element 9 can be expressed as:
Δλ1(f)＝Kεε1(f)+(ξ+a)ΔT (10)
Δλ2(f)＝Kεε2(f)+(ξ+a)ΔT (11)
Δλ3(f)＝Kεε3(f)+(ξ+a)ΔT (12)
Δλ4(f)＝Kεε4(f)+(ξ+a)ΔT (13)
Wherein, deltaT is the Bragg wavelength variation, K ε is the sensitivity of the grating strain under the elastic diaphragm, ζ is the fiber grating thermo-optic coefficient, and α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber. As can be obtained from equations (10) - (13), the external measured micro-vibration information causes the shifts Δλ1 (f), Δλ2 (f), Δλ3 (f), and Δλ4 (f) of the center wavelength of the fiber grating to be dynamic signals, so that the quasi-static signal temperature does not cause the measurement performance of the sensor. And the central wavelengths of the first fiber grating 16, the second fiber grating 17, the third fiber grating 18 and the fourth fiber grating 19 are processed through FFT signals, the dynamic signals are extracted, the surface strain epsilon 1(f)、ε2(f)、ε3(f)、ε4 (f) of the elastic diaphragm 15 can be obtained through inversion of the dynamic signals, and the temperature information of the measuring environment where the sensor is located can be obtained through inversion of the static signals. The temperature information of the measuring environment where the sensor is located enables the three-dimensional high-precision micro-vibration sensor to have the characteristic of temperature self-compensation. At this time, the functional relationship between the surface strain epsilon 1(f)、ε2(f)、ε3(f)、ε4 (f) of the elastic membrane 15 obtained by inversion analysis of the central wavelengths of the first fiber grating 16, the second fiber grating 17, the third fiber grating 18 and the fourth fiber grating 19 and the axial strain epsilon X(f)、εY(f)、εZ (f) of the rectangular coordinate system X, Y, Z is as follows:
εY(f)＝3/2·ε3(f)-3/2·ε2(f)＝0 (15)
εZ(f)＝ε4(f)＝[ε1(f)+ε2(f)+ε3(f)]/2 (16)
The surface strain epsilon Z(f)＝ε4 (f) of the elastic diaphragm 15 obtained by inverting the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating and formulas (1), (5) and (9) are further analyzed to obtain micro-vibration information v (f) of the external measured Z-axis direction.
In summary, by inversion analysis of the first micro-vibration sensing element 6, the second micro-vibration sensing element 7, the third micro-vibration sensing element 8, and the fourth micro-vibration sensing element 9, the drift Δλ 1(f)、Δλ2(f)、Δλ3(f)、Δλ4 (f) of the central wavelengths of the first fiber bragg grating 16, the second fiber bragg grating 17, the third fiber bragg grating 18, and the fourth fiber bragg grating 19 can realize the measurement of the external measured Z-axis direction micro-vibration information v (f).
And the same analysis can be achieved, and the three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber bragg grating sensor with the self-temperature compensation characteristic can realize measurement of micro-vibration information in X-axis and Y-axis directions.
From the above analysis procedure it is possible to obtain: the fiber bragg grating micro-vibration sensor has the characteristic of temperature self-compensation, and can realize measurement of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis micro-vibration information.
Claims (3)
1. A three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber bragg grating sensor with self-temperature compensation characteristics is characterized in that: the device comprises a vibrator (5), an elastic element and a micro-vibration sensing element, wherein the elastic element and the vibrator (5) form the micro-vibration sensing element, and the external measured three-dimensional micro-vibration information is converted into the relative movement of the three-dimensional position of the vibrator (5); one end of the elastic element is fixed on the sensor protection shell (11), and the other end of the elastic element is connected with the vibrator (5); the micro-vibration sensing element is divided into a first micro-vibration sensing element (6), a second micro-vibration sensing element (7), a third micro-vibration sensing element (8) and a fourth micro-vibration sensing element (9), one end of the first micro-vibration sensing element (6), one end of the second micro-vibration sensing element (7), one end of the third micro-vibration sensing element (8) and one end of the fourth micro-vibration sensing element (9) are respectively fixedly connected with the sensor protection shell (11), the center points of four planes where the other end is located are arranged according to equal triangle bodies, the vibrator (5) is located at the center positions of the triangle bodies, the elastic elements comprise a first elastic element (1), a second elastic element (2), a third elastic element (3) and a fourth elastic element (4) which are located on the same plane, one end of the first elastic element (1), the second elastic element (2), one end of the third elastic element (3) and one end of the fourth elastic element (4) are respectively fixed on the center points of the four faces of the sensor protection shell (11), the other end is connected with the other end of the sensor protection shell (5), the first elastic element (6), the second elastic element (3), the second micro-vibration sensing element (8), the third micro-vibration sensing element (8) and the optical fiber (12) comprise the micro-vibration sensing element (12) and the micro-vibration sensing element (20) and the fiber diaphragm (13), the iron core (12) is cylindrical, the coil (13) is a copper wire wound on the iron core (12), the sensitive characteristic membrane (15) is arranged on the upper surface of the iron core (12), and a permanent magnet (14) is arranged at the center point of the lower surface of the sensitive characteristic membrane (15).
2. The three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with self-temperature compensation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is characterized in that: the fiber bragg grating is led out of the sensor through the fiber pigtail (20) after passing through the fiber leading-out hole (10).
3. The three-dimensional micro-vibration fiber grating sensor with self-temperature compensation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is characterized in that: the permanent magnet (14) is of a cylindrical structure with fixed magnetic intensity, and the sensitive characteristic membrane (15) is of a corrugated membrane sheet shape; the permanent magnet (14) is connected with the elastic membrane (15), and vibration force generated by interaction of the permanent magnet (14) and the vibrator (5) is converted into vibration of the elastic membrane.
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| CN111678539B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2024-02-13 | 新加坡国立大学 | Fiber bragg grating sensor for surgical instruments |
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| CN113310566A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-08-27 | 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) | Optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection |
| CN117191176B (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2024-03-15 | 北京信息科技大学 | Design and packaging method of high-sensitivity miniature FBG triaxial vibration sensor |
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