CN113310566A - Optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection Download PDFInfo
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- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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Abstract
An optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection is characterized by mainly comprising a shell, an end cover, a mass sphere, a balance cylinder, a sensing cylinder, a balance pipeline, a balance piston and an FBG grating; the shell is cylindrical, and the top of the shell is connected with the end cover; the sphere center of the mass sphere is consistent with the geometric center of the shell and is connected with the shell through the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder; the balance pipelines of the x-direction balancing cylinder, the y-direction balancing cylinder and the z-direction balancing cylinder are filled with liquid, x-direction balancing pistons, y-direction balancing pistons and z-direction balancing pistons are arranged in the balance pipelines, the x-direction FBG gratings, the y-direction FBG gratings and the z-direction FBG gratings are FBG gratings with the same performance, one end of each FBG grating is connected with the piston of the sensing cylinder, and the other end of each FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element. According to the invention, the change of the sphere center position of the mass sphere is transmitted to the FBG grating in the rodless cavity of the sensing cylinder through the spherical hinge, so that the vibration of the equipment is detected, the influence of temperature is avoided, the structure is simple, and the omnibearing vibration monitoring of the equipment is accurately and sensitively realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber vibration monitoring, in particular to the field of an optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection.
Background
Since a common vibration detection sensor is easily affected by electromagnetism, an optical fiber is widely applied to vibration monitoring of equipment due to the characteristics of interference resistance, no influence of electromagnetism and the like. According to the FBG (fiber Bragg grating) grating, when being vibrated, the FBG grating is compressed or stretched to generate the fiber elasto-optical effect, and the effective refractive index n of the FBG gratingeffThe change can reflect the vibration of the equipment. Therefore, the FBG grating has a plurality of technical schemes for detecting the vibration of the equipment in the field of the vibration of the equipment. Wherein, the technical proposal for detecting the three-dimensional direction of the equipment vibration is arranged in the sensor shellThe acceleration sensing devices in the x, y and z directions detect the central wavelength offset of the fiber bragg grating in the x, y and z directions through a high-speed wavelength demodulator, and therefore the acceleration in the x, y and z directions is calculated. For example, the invention (CN111879966A) discloses a multi-directional detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor, which can simultaneously detect the acceleration in three different directions, x, y, and z. The invention (CN104483008A) provides a fiber grating three-dimensional vibration sensor, which adopts a single-diaphragm sensitive structure and comprises a diaphragm, an inertial mass block and a sensing grating, wherein the diaphragm, the inertial mass block and the sensing grating are arranged in a shell; the upper surface of the diaphragm is provided with three sensing gratings, and the sensing gratings are connected with an external demodulation unit through optical fiber outlet holes. According to the invention, by utilizing the wavelength sensing principle of the fiber bragg grating, the tensile strain and the torsional strain are generated at different positions on the upper surface of the sensitive membrane of the sensor under the action of an external vibration signal, when the external vibration signal acts on the structure, the vibration of an inertia mass block in the sensor is caused, and further the inertia force and the torque are generated, so that the wavelength of the grating packaged on the structure is shifted, and the detection of the vibration signals in three directions is realized by detecting the change of the wavelength of three gratings. These solutions can only sense the vibration of the device in three directions. In order to obtain accurate detection of vibration in three directions, the invention (CN105841796B) provides a fiber grating three-dimensional vector vibration sensor, which adopts a hollow cylinder structure, wherein the hollow cylinder structure comprises a hollow sensitive cylinder, an inertial mass block, a base and a sensitive element fiber grating, the inertial mass block is located at the top end of the hollow cylinder and is fixed at the top end of the hollow cylinder or connected into a whole, and the hollow sensitive cylinder is fixed on the base or connected into a whole; the three fiber gratings eliminate the influence of the self-vibration of the two-point packaged grating through full-adhesive packaging, enhance the shock resistance and realize the measurement of vector vibration signals in severe environment; and the three-dimensional vibration signal detection is realized through an elastic sensitive structure.
It can be seen that the effective monitoring to equipment vibration at present, no matter what kind of technical scheme is adopted all inject in the three-dimensional direction of equipment vibration, can not detect this technical problem of equipment vibration omnidirectional vibration information to these present technical scheme adopt complicated structure, and the precision of sensor receives the influence of self structure easily.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing optical fiber sensor for equipment vibration and realize the omnibearing vibration detection of the equipment vibration, the invention provides the optical fiber sensor for the omnibearing vibration detection, which can effectively overcome the defect that the equipment vibration detection can only sense the vibration information in three single directions, can also greatly improve the precision of the vibration detection and has higher implementation reliability.
How to accurately and reliably realize the omnibearing monitoring of the vibration of equipment by using an optical fiber?
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection is characterized by mainly comprising a shell, an end cover, a mass sphere, a balance cylinder, a sensing cylinder, a balance pipeline, a balance piston and an FBG grating; the shell is cylindrical, and the top of the shell is connected with the end cover to form a closed space of the optical fiber sensor, so that components in the shell are not influenced by the external environment; the mass sphere is arranged in the central area inside the shell, the sphere center of the mass sphere is consistent with the geometric center of the shell, and the mass sphere is connected with the shell through the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder; the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively divided into an x-direction balance cylinder, a y-direction balance cylinder, a z-direction balance cylinder, an x-direction sensing cylinder, a y-direction sensing cylinder and a z-direction sensing cylinder according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, the structures and the geometric dimensions of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are set to be consistent, the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder respectively comprise a cylinder barrel, a piston and a piston rod, and the piston rods are connected with the mass sphere through ball hinges; the cylinder barrels of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively and fixedly connected with the inner surface of the shell in the x, y and z axis directions; the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are filled with liquid, and rodless cavities of the x-direction balance cylinder, the x-direction sensing cylinder, the y-direction balance cylinder, the y-direction sensing cylinder, the z-direction balance cylinder and the z-direction sensing cylinder are communicated respectively; the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are all set to be 1/5 of the inner diameter of the cylinder barrel of the balance cylinder in the corresponding direction, an x-direction balance piston, a y-direction balance piston and a z-direction balance piston are respectively arranged in the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are respectively provided with a section of transparent pipe section in parallel in the areas of the negative direction of the z-axis and the positive direction of the x-axis so as to observe the position conditions of the x-direction balance piston, the y-direction balance piston and the z-direction balance piston which are arranged in the same area; the FBG grating is divided into x, y and z FBG gratings according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, and the FBG gratings are all FBG gratings with the same performance; the x-direction FBG grating is arranged in the rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the x-direction FBG grating is connected with the piston of the x-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the x-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the x-direction sensing cylinder from leaking; the y-direction FBG grating is arranged in the rodless cavity of the y-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the y-direction FBG grating is connected with the piston of the y-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the y-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the y-direction sensing cylinder from leaking; the z-direction FBG grating is arranged in the rodless cavity of the z-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the z-direction FBG grating is connected with the piston of the z-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the z-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the z-direction sensing cylinder from leaking.
How to accurately and reliably realize the omni-directional monitoring of the vibration of the equipment by using the optical fiber will be described in detail below? The provided optical fiber sensor for detecting the all-round vibration mainly utilizes the mass sphere which is arranged at the geometric center of the shell to sensitively follow the all-round vibration of the equipment, and transmits the change of the sphere center position of the mass sphere to the sensing cylinder pistons in the directions of x, y and z through the spherical hinge, so that the FBG grating in the rodless cavity of each sensing cylinder is stretched and compressed, the reflection wavelength of each FBG grating is deviated, and the direction, the amplitude and other information of the vibration of the equipment can be acquired according to the deviation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the shell is cylindrical, the top of the shell is connected with the end cover to form a closed space of the optical fiber sensor, so that components in the shell are not influenced by the external environment; the mass sphere is arranged in the central area inside the shell, the sphere center of the mass sphere is consistent with the geometric center of the shell, and the mass sphere is connected with the shell through the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder, so that the mass sphere can respond to the direction change of equipment vibration in an all-round manner; the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively divided into an x-direction balance cylinder, a y-direction balance cylinder, a z-direction balance cylinder, an x-direction sensing cylinder, a y-direction sensing cylinder and a z-direction sensing cylinder according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, the structures and the geometric dimensions of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are set to be consistent, the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder respectively comprise a cylinder barrel, a piston and a piston rod, and the piston rods are connected with the mass sphere through ball hinges; the cylinder barrels of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively and fixedly connected with the inner surface of the shell in the x, y and z axis directions; the center of the mass sphere arranged on the shell deviates from the geometric center of the shell after the device vibration is sensed, and any position of the center of the mass sphere deviating from the geometric center of the shell in a three-dimensional space coordinate system can be represented by displacement in three axial directions of the three-dimensional coordinate system, so that the device vibration can be detected in all directions as long as the displacement of the mass sphere deviating from the geometric center of the shell to the sensing cylinders arranged in the three axial directions is detected; the technical scheme can lead the mass sphere to deviate to any angle in a three-dimensional space of the shell from the position of which the initial balance position is the geometric center of the shell, and can balance with the vibration acting force of the equipment under the action of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder which are arranged in the directions of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis, and can sensitively respond to the vibration condition of the equipment; the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are filled with liquid, and the x-direction balance cylinder and the x-direction sensing cylinder, the y-direction balance cylinder and the y-direction sensing cylinder, and the z-direction balance cylinder and the z-direction sensing cylinder are communicated respectively; the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are all set to be 1/5 of the inner diameter of the cylinder barrel of the balance cylinder in the corresponding direction, the inside of the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the inside of the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are respectively provided with an x-direction balance piston, a y-direction balance piston and a z-direction balance piston, and the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are respectively provided with a section of transparent pipe section in parallel in the areas of the negative direction of the z-axis and the positive direction of the x-axis so as to observe the position conditions of the x-direction balance piston, the y-direction balance piston and the z-direction balance piston which are arranged in the same area, the technical scheme can amplify the micro displacement of the balance cylinder and the piston of the sensing cylinder, namely the mass sphere in each direction in response to the vibration of the equipment in each direction by 5 times, the balance piston in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction can more obviously show the vibration displacement condition of the equipment; the FBG grating is divided into x, y and z FBG gratings according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, and the FBG gratings are all FBG gratings with the same performance; the x-direction FBG grating is arranged in the rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the x-direction FBG grating is connected with the piston of the x-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the x-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the x-direction sensing cylinder from leaking; the y-direction FBG grating is arranged in the rodless cavity of the y-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the y-direction FBG grating is connected with the piston of the y-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the y-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the y-direction sensing cylinder from leaking; the z-direction FBG grating is arranged in a rodless cavity of the z-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the z-direction FBG grating is connected with a piston of the z-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the z-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the z-direction sensing cylinder from leaking; according to the technical scheme, the information of the vibration condition of each mass sphere response device can be loaded on the FBG gratings in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction by utilizing the displacement of the sensing cylinder piston arranged in the x axis direction, the y axis direction and the z axis direction; therefore, the FBG gratings in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction are stretched or compressed, the reflection wavelength of each FBG grating is shifted, and the magnitudes of the shifts are converted into information such as the direction and the amplitude of equipment vibration by using an external optical path device, so that the equipment vibration can be detected in all directions.
In conclusion, the invention has the beneficial effects that;
(1) by the technical scheme that the sphere center of the mass sphere is consistent with the geometric center of the shell, the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are connected with the shell, the vibration signal monitoring omnibearing and sensitivity of the invention are ensured, and the vibration signal monitoring omnibearing and sensitivity is shown as follows:
the mass sphere is arranged in a central area inside the shell, the sphere center of the mass sphere is consistent with the geometric center of the shell and is connected with the shell through the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder, the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively divided into an x-direction balance cylinder, a y-direction balance cylinder, a z-direction balance cylinder, an x-direction sensing cylinder, a y-direction sensing cylinder and a z-direction sensing cylinder according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, the structures and the geometric dimensions of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are all set to be consistent, the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder all comprise a cylinder barrel, a piston and a piston rod, and all the piston rods are connected with the mass sphere through spherical hinges; the cylinder barrels of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively fixedly connected with the inner surfaces of the shells in the directions of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis, the technical schemes can enable the mass sphere to deviate from the initial balance position as the geometric center of the shell to any angle in a three-dimensional space of the shell, and can balance with the vibration acting force of the equipment under the action of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder arranged in the directions of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis, and the vibration condition of the equipment can be sensitively responded;
the technical scheme is that the balance cylinder in the x-direction, the balance pipeline in the y-direction and the balance pipeline in the z-direction balance cylinders are filled with liquid, and the x-direction balance cylinder and the x-direction sensing cylinder, the y-direction balance cylinder and the y-direction sensing cylinder, and the z-direction balance cylinder and the z-direction sensing cylinder are communicated respectively.
(2) The balance piston in the x, y and z directions is arranged through the balance pipeline of the balance cylinder in the x, y and z directions, so that the vibration amplitude of the equipment can be more obviously represented
The balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are all set to be 1/5 of the inner diameter of the cylinder barrel of the balance cylinder in the corresponding direction, the inside of the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the inside of the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are respectively provided with an x-direction balance piston, a y-direction balance piston and a z-direction balance piston, and the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are respectively provided with a section of transparent pipe section in parallel in the areas of the negative direction of the z-axis and the positive direction of the x-axis so as to observe the position conditions of the x-direction balance piston, the y-direction balance piston and the z-direction balance piston which are arranged in the same area, the technical scheme can amplify the, the vibration displacement of the equipment can be more obviously shown by balancing the pistons in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction.
(3) By arranging the FBG gratings in the x, y and z directions in the three axial directions, the influence of the temperature on the optical fiber can be eliminated
The FBG grating is divided into x, y and z FBG gratings according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, and the FBG gratings are all FBG gratings with the same performance; the FBG gratings in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction are respectively arranged in rodless cavities of the sensing cylinders in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, one end of the FBG gratings is respectively connected with the pistons of the sensing cylinders in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, the other end of the FBG gratings penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the sensing cylinders in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction from leaking; because the FBG gratings in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction have the same performance, the position of the cylinder barrel connected with each FBG grating is unchanged, the position of the corresponding piston only moves in the axial direction and is in the liquid in the rodless cavity of the sensing cylinder in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, the FBG gratings are greatly ensured to only sense the acting force in the corresponding axial direction, and in addition, the temperature of the liquid has the same influence on the FBG gratings in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction; assuming that the x-direction FBG grating and the y-direction FBG grating are stretched, the z-direction FBG grating is pressed, and the long wave direction offset reflection wavelength lambda 1 stretched by the x-direction FBG grating and the y-direction FBG grating are subtracted from the short wave direction offset reflection wavelength lambda 2 compressed by the z-direction FBG grating, so that the influence of the temperature of the liquid on the x-direction FBG grating, the y-direction FBG grating and the z-direction FBG grating can be completely eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view schematically illustrating the structure of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-shell, 2-mass sphere, 3-x direction balance cylinder, 3.1-cylinder barrel, 3.2-piston, 3.3-piston rod, 3.4-ball hinge, 4-x direction balance cylinder balance pipeline, 5-z direction balance cylinder, 6-y direction balance cylinder balance pipeline, 7-z direction balance cylinder balance pipeline, 8-x direction balance piston, 9-y direction balance piston, 10-z direction balance piston, 11-x direction FBG grating, 12-x direction sensing cylinder, 13-z direction sensing cylinder, 14-z direction FBG grating, 15-y direction sensing cylinder, 16-y direction FBG grating, 17-y direction balance cylinder and 18-end cover.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention provides an optical fiber sensor for detecting omnidirectional vibration, which is characterized in that the optical fiber sensor mainly comprises a housing 1, an end cover 18, a mass sphere 2, a balance cylinder, a sensing cylinder, a balance pipeline, a balance piston and an FBG grating; the shell 1 is cylindrical, the top of the shell is connected with the end cover 18 to form a closed space of the optical fiber sensor, so that components in the shell are not influenced by the external environment; the mass sphere 2 is arranged in the central area inside the shell 1, the sphere center of the mass sphere 2 is consistent with the geometric center of the shell 1, and the mass sphere is connected with the shell 1 through a balance cylinder and a sensing cylinder; the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively divided into an x-direction balance cylinder 3, a y-direction balance cylinder 17, a z-direction balance cylinder 5, an x-direction sensing cylinder 12, a y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and a z-direction sensing cylinder 13 according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, the structures and the geometric dimensions of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are set to be consistent, the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder comprise a cylinder barrel 3.1, a piston 3.2 and a piston rod 3.3, and each piston rod 3.3 is connected with a mass sphere 2 through a ball hinge 3.4; the cylinder barrels 3.1 of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively and fixedly connected with the inner surface of the shell 1 in the directions of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis; the balance pipeline 4 of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline 7 of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline 6 of the z-direction balance cylinder are filled with liquid, and rodless cavities of the x-direction balance cylinder 3, the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction balance cylinder 17, the y-direction sensing cylinder 15, the z-direction balance cylinder 5 and the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 are respectively communicated; the balance pipeline 4 of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline 7 of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline 6 of the z-direction balance cylinder are all set to be 1/5 of the inner diameter of a cylinder barrel 3.1 of the balance cylinder in the corresponding direction, an x-direction balance piston 8, a y-direction balance piston 9 and a z-direction balance piston 10 are respectively arranged in the balance pipeline 4 of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline 7 of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline 6 of the z-direction balance cylinder are respectively provided with a section of transparent pipe section in parallel in the areas of the negative direction of the z axis and the positive direction of the x axis, so that the position conditions of the x-direction balance piston 8, the y-direction balance piston 9 and the z-direction balance piston 10 which are arranged in the same area can be observed; the FBG grating is divided into x, y and z FBG gratings according to the axis direction of a three-dimensional space, and the FBG gratings are all FBG gratings with the same performance; the x-direction FBG 11 is arranged in a rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, one end of the x-direction FBG is connected with a piston of the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the other end of the x-direction FBG passes through the shell 1 to be connected with an external detection element, and the part which passes through the shell 1 is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the x-direction sensing cylinder 12 from leaking; the y-direction FBG 16 is arranged in the rodless cavity of the y-direction sensing cylinder 15, one end of the y-direction FBG is connected with the piston of the y-direction sensing cylinder 15, the other end of the y-direction FBG passes through the shell 1 to be connected with an external detection element, and the part passing through the shell 1 is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 from leaking; the z-direction FBG 14 is arranged in the rodless cavity of the z-direction sensing cylinder 13, one end of the FBG is connected with the piston of the z-direction sensing cylinder 13, the other end of the FBG passes through the shell 1 to be connected with an external detection element, and the part passing through the shell 1 is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 from leaking.
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the above-mentioned figures, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The bottom of the shell is connected with the equipment to be detected, and when the equipment to be detected does not vibrate, the mass sphere 2 is positioned at the geometric center of the shell 1 under the action of the x-direction balance cylinder 3, the y-direction balance cylinder 17, the z-direction balance cylinder 5, the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 in the shell 1 in three axial directions; correspondingly, an x-direction balance piston 8, a y-direction balance piston 9 and a z-direction balance piston 10 which are respectively arranged in the balance pipeline 4 of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline 7 of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline 6 of the z-direction balance cylinder are all in balance positions; the x-direction FBG 11 arranged in the rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction FBG 16 in the rodless cavity of the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and the z-direction FBG 14 in the rodless cavity of the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 are also in balanced positions, and the reflection wavelengths are not shifted.
When the device to be detected deviates an angle theta on an xy plane and deviates an angle phi on a z axis for vibration in a positive direction space of three axes of a three-dimensional coordinate system in the shell 1, the mass sphere 2 deviates from the geometric center position of the shell 1 by a deviation length L, and certain displacements are respectively generated in positive directions of the three axes of x, y and z and are respectively Lcos phi cos theta, Lcos phi sin theta and Lsin phi. The displacement of the mass sphere 2 in each direction in response to the vibration of the equipment is displayed by 5 times through the balance pipeline 4 of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline 7 of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline 6 of the z-direction balance cylinder, wherein the x-direction balance piston 8, the y-direction balance piston 9 and the z-direction balance piston 10 are arranged.
Correspondingly, the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 respectively receive different acting forces of the mass sphere 2, so that the pistons in the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 respectively move to the positive directions of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis by the lengths of Lcos phi cos theta, Lcos phi sin theta and Lsin phi, and the pressure in each rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 is increased; the x-direction FBG 11 arranged in the rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction FBG 16 in the rodless cavity of the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and the z-direction FBG 14 in the rodless cavity of the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 are respectively subjected to axial compression, and the reflection wavelength of the FBGs deviates along the short wave direction; meanwhile, when the x-direction balance cylinder 3, the y-direction balance cylinder 17 and the z-direction balance cylinder 5 in the three axial directions in the shell 1 move forward in the x, y and z axial directions by the lengths of Lcos phi cos theta, Lcos phi sin theta and lssin phi respectively, the pressure in each rodless cavity of the x-direction balance cylinder 3, the y-direction balance cylinder 17 and the z-direction balance cylinder 5 is reduced, the liquid in the balance pipeline 4 of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline 7 of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline 6 of the z-direction balance cylinder moves from each rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction sensing cylinder 15 and the z-direction sensing cylinder 13 to each rodless cavity of the x-direction balance cylinder 3, the y-direction balance cylinder 17 and the z-direction balance cylinder 5 respectively, so that the x-direction balance piston 8, the y-direction balance piston 9 and the z-direction balance piston 10 move downwards in the transparent pipe respectively, and the vibration of the equipment is displayed.
It can be seen that, in the process of acting on the mass sphere 2, the vibration of the device to be detected obviously has the changes of the reflection center wavelengths of the x-direction FBG grating 11 in the rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder 12, the y-direction FBG grating 16 in the rodless cavity of the y-direction sensing cylinder 15, and the z-direction FBG grating 14 in the rodless cavity of the z-direction sensing cylinder 13. The reflection wavelengths are demodulated, analyzed and processed, so that the vibration state of the equipment to be detected can be obtained, and the omnibearing detection of the equipment vibration is realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection is characterized by mainly comprising a shell, an end cover, a mass sphere, a balance cylinder, a sensing cylinder, a balance pipeline, a balance piston and an FBG grating; the shell is cylindrical, and the top of the shell is connected with the end cover; the mass sphere is arranged in the central area inside the shell, the sphere center of the mass sphere is consistent with the geometric center of the shell, and the mass sphere is connected with the shell through the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder; the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are connected with each piston rod and the mass sphere through ball hinges; the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are filled with liquid, and rodless cavities of the x-direction balance cylinder, the x-direction sensing cylinder, the y-direction balance cylinder, the y-direction sensing cylinder, the z-direction balance cylinder and the z-direction sensing cylinder are communicated respectively; the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are all set to be 1/5 of the inner diameter of the cylinder barrel of the balance cylinder in the corresponding direction, and an x-direction balance piston, a y-direction balance piston and a z-direction balance piston are respectively arranged in the balance pipelines; the FBG grating is divided into x, y and z FBG gratings according to the axis direction of the three-dimensional space, and the FBG gratings have the same performance.
2. The optical fiber sensor for detecting the omnibearing vibration according to claim 1, wherein the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively divided into an x-direction balance cylinder, a y-direction balance cylinder, a z-direction balance cylinder, an x-direction sensing cylinder, a y-direction sensing cylinder and a z-direction sensing cylinder according to the axial direction of a three-dimensional space, the structures and the geometric dimensions of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are set to be consistent, and the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder comprise a cylinder barrel, a piston and a piston rod; and the cylinder barrels of the balance cylinder and the sensing cylinder are respectively and fixedly connected with the inner surface of the shell in the directions of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis.
3. The optical fiber sensor for detecting all-directional vibration according to claim 1, wherein the balance pipeline of the x-direction balance cylinder, the balance pipeline of the y-direction balance cylinder and the balance pipeline of the z-direction balance cylinder are respectively provided with a transparent pipe section in parallel in the areas of the negative direction of the z-axis and the positive direction of the x-axis so as to observe the position conditions of the x-direction balance piston, the y-direction balance piston and the z-direction balance piston which are arranged in the same area.
4. The optical fiber sensor for detecting the omnibearing vibration according to claim 1, is characterized in that the x-direction FBG grating is arranged in a rodless cavity of the x-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the x-direction FBG grating is connected with a piston of the x-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the x-direction FBG grating penetrates through a shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the x-direction sensing cylinder from leaking; the y-direction FBG grating is arranged in the rodless cavity of the y-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the y-direction FBG grating is connected with the piston of the y-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the y-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the y-direction sensing cylinder from leaking; the z-direction FBG grating is arranged in the rodless cavity of the z-direction sensing cylinder, one end of the z-direction FBG grating is connected with the piston of the z-direction sensing cylinder, the other end of the z-direction FBG grating penetrates through the shell to be connected with an external detection element, and the part penetrating through the shell is sealed so as to prevent liquid in the z-direction sensing cylinder from leaking.
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| CN202110759124.8A CN113310566A (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2021-07-05 | Optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection |
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| CN202110759124.8A CN113310566A (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2021-07-05 | Optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection |
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Application publication date: 20210827 |