CN107882870B - Bionic spiral groove thrust bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic spiral groove thrust bearing. The bearing end face is provided with a spiral groove, a platform area and a dam area. The dam area is located at the inner edge of the bearing end face. The bearing end face on the periphery of the dam area is provided with a spiral groove. The surface of the bearing end surface on the periphery of the dam area without spiral grooves forms a platform area. ; The rotor rotates relative to the bearing, and the space between the rotor and the bearing is filled with lubricant; the spiral groove line pattern imitates the phyllotactic structure of sunflower seeds, that is, the spiral grooves are arranged in clockwise and counterclockwise diagonal lines along the arrangement of sunflower seeds, forming Spiral grooves in two directions. The invention generates dynamic pressure and static pressure lubrication effects in the circumferential direction of the bearing through the special structure of the spiral groove, thereby improving the bearing capacity; enabling the rotor to have good lubrication effects in both forward and reverse rotations, improving the working stability of the rotor and reducing Lubricant leaked.

Description

Bionic spiral groove thrust bearing

Technical field

The invention relates to a spiral groove thrust bearing, and in particular to a bionic spiral groove thrust bearing with a diagonal line structure formed by the linear arrangement of spiral grooves imitating sunflower seeds.

Background technique

The spiral groove thrust bearing is a thrust bearing with good hydrodynamic pressure effect. Its working surface has some specially structured grooves, openings or steps to form a gap convergence section towards the sliding speed direction, thereby using the convergence section to generate stronger force. The wedge-shaped dynamic pressure effect. Its working principle is: when the rotor moves at high speed relative to the bearing pair, it drives the lubricant to flow from the outside of the bearing to the rotation center, producing a radial pumping effect. At the same time, the lubricant periodically flows through the groove area and the platform area along the circumferential direction, thereby generating static pressure and dynamic pressure effects. The sum of both effects provides the thrust bearing with a higher load carrying capacity. Because spiral groove bearings have the advantages of high load-bearing capacity, good stability, and simple structure, they are widely used as thrust components of low-temperature and high-speed machinery such as turbine expanders.

The application environment of spiral groove thrust bearings requires them to have high load-bearing capacity and good lubrication effect. However, in practical applications, poor lubrication effects and high friction are often encountered, resulting in incomplete liquid lubrication, which reduces the load-bearing capacity and hinders the normal operation of rotating parts. A feasible way to solve these problems is to improve the spiral groove line shape. At present, several typical spiral groove line types include: logarithmic spiral groove, oblique linear spiral groove, arc spiral groove, and parabolic spiral groove. The study of spiral groove line shape is of great significance for improving the hydrodynamic pressure effect, reducing friction, and improving load-bearing capacity.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems in the background technology, the present invention proposes a bionic spiral groove thrust bearing whose spiral groove linear pattern imitates the diagonal line structure formed by the arrangement of sunflower seeds.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

The invention includes a rotor and a bearing. The bearing end face is provided with a spiral groove, a platform area and a dam area. The dam area is located at the inner edge of the bearing end face. The bearing end face at the periphery of the dam area is provided with a spiral groove. There is no spiral groove on the bearing end face at the periphery of the dam area. The surface of the spiral groove forms a table area; the rotor rotates relative to the bearing, and the space between the rotor and the bearing is filled with lubricant.

The platform area and the dam area are of equal height, that is, their surfaces are on the same plane.

The lubricant is water, air, lubricating oil or grease, etc.

The spiral groove adopts a phyllotaxic structure in which the sunflower seeds are arranged, and the spiral grooves are arranged along the diagonal lines formed by the arrangement of the sunflower disk seeds.

In the spiral groove, the number of spiral grooves in both directions of rotation is equal, 10 to 20 each. The ratio of groove depth h _g to oil film thickness h ₁ h _g /h _l = 2 to 5; the groove length ratio λ = (r _o -r _g )/(r _o -r _i )=0.5~0.9, r _g represents the outer diameter of the dam area, r _o represents the outer diameter of the bearing, and r _i represents the inner diameter of the bearing.

The spiral grooves include two types of planar spiral grooves, a clockwise spiral groove and a counterclockwise spiral groove, which are opened on the bearing end face around the dam area and extend to the outer edge of the bearing end face. The clockwise spiral groove and the counterclockwise spiral groove are respectively along the The diagonal lines in two directions formed by the arrangement of the sunflower disk seeds make the clockwise spiral groove and the counterclockwise spiral groove intersect to form the phyllotaxic structure of the sunflower seed arrangement.

The outer edge of the bearing end face is also provided with a dam area, and an annular pit structure or a convex structure is provided between the two dam areas on the inner and outer edges of the bearing end face. The cross-sections of the pit structure and the bulge structure are semicircular. , a spiral groove is provided on the surface of the pit structure or convex structure; the end surface of the rotor is provided with a corresponding annular convex structure or pit structure, and the cross-sections of the convex structure and the pit structure are semicircular, so that The pit structure of the bearing is fitted with the protruding structure of the rotor or the protruding structure of the bearing is fitted with the pit structure of the rotor;

The spiral grooves include two types of spiral grooves: clockwise spiral grooves and counterclockwise spiral grooves on the surface of the convex structure or pit structure on the bearing. On the projection of the bottom surface of the bearing, clockwise spiral grooves and counterclockwise spiral grooves The spiral grooves are respectively arranged along the diagonal lines in two directions formed by the arrangement of the sunflower disk seeds, so that the clockwise spiral grooves and the counterclockwise spiral grooves intersect to form the phyllotaxic structure of the sunflower seed arrangement.

There is a gap of 2 to 4 mm between the dimple structure of the bearing and the convex structure of the rotor or between the convex structure of the bearing and the dimple structure of the rotor, and lubricant is distributed in the gap.

The spiral grooves are only arranged on the surface of the pit structure or the convex structure and do not extend to the dam area.

On the projection of the bottom surface of the bearing, the line patterns of the clockwise spiral groove and the counterclockwise spiral groove are both based on the phyllotaxic structure of sunflower seeds. The clockwise spiral groove imitates the clockwise diagonal arrangement of sunflower seeds, and the counterclockwise spiral groove imitates the phyllotaxic structure of sunflower seeds. Counterclockwise diagonal lines of sunflower seeds.

In the present invention, the lubricant is brought into the working gap during the rotation of the rotor relative to the bearing, and the special structure of the spiral groove generates dynamic pressure and static pressure lubrication effects in the circumferential direction of the bearing, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity; making the rotor rotate in forward and reverse directions. All have good lubrication effects. The staggered groove and platform structure enhances the hydrodynamic pressure effect. The pit-protrusion inlaid structure improves the working stability of the rotor and reduces lubricant leakage.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The structure of the invention can strengthen the step effect in the circumferential direction of the bearing, enhance the hydrodynamic pressure effect, and improve the bearing carrying capacity.

The rotor of the present invention has good lubrication effect and hydrodynamic pressure effect both in forward and reverse rotation, allowing the lubricating oil to quickly and fully fill the gap, reducing friction, avoiding the phenomenon of incomplete liquid lubrication, and also enhancing the circumferential steps of the bearing. effect, enhance the hydrodynamic pressure effect, and improve the bearing carrying capacity.

The present invention increases the relative motion surface area through the annular pit-protrusion inlaid structure of the bearing and the rotor, improves the working stability of the rotor, and is beneficial to reducing the leakage of lubricant. And the thrust bearing can bear both axial load and certain radial load.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a sunflower seed phyllotaxic structure model of sunflower seed distribution according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the end face structure of the bionic spiral groove thrust bearing in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Example 1. FIG.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the end face structure of the bionic spiral groove thrust bearing in Embodiment 2.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of Example 2.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the end face structure of the bionic spiral groove thrust bearing in Embodiment 3.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of Example 3.

In the picture: 1. Spiral groove, 2. Platform area, 3. Dam area, 4. Clockwise spiral groove, 5. Counterclockwise spiral groove, 7. Dimple structure, 8. Raised structure, 9. Raised structure, 10. Dimple structure, 11. Rotor, 12. Bearing.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The specific implementation of the present invention includes a rotor 11 and a bearing 12. The end surface of the bearing 12 is provided with a spiral groove 1, a platform area 2 and a dam area 3. The dam area 3 is located at the inner edge of the end surface of the bearing 12. The end surface of the bearing 12 on the periphery of the dam area 3 is provided with The spiral groove 1 and the surface of the bearing 12 on the periphery of the dam area 3 without the spiral groove 1 form a table area 2; the rotor 11 rotates relative to the bearing 12, and the space between the rotor 11 and the bearing 12 is filled with lubricant.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the sunflower seed distribution model. The sunflower seed distribution is spiral-shaped. The phyllotaxy theory in biological science shows that the sunflower seed arrangement structure satisfies the F.R. Yeatts phyllotaxy model, forming a sunflower seed phyllotaxy structure:

In the formula: θ is the polar coordinate angle of the nth raised grain; R is the polar coordinate radius of the nth raised grain; R ₀ is the radius of the flower or fruit; k is the phyllotaxy coefficient, determined by the size of the grain, n Represents the ordinal number of the raised kernels.

This distribution causes the sunflower disk seeds to appear in clockwise and counterclockwise diagonal lines. The spiral groove 1 adopts the phyllotaxic structure of sunflower seeds. The spiral groove 1 is arranged along the diagonal line formed by the arrangement of sunflower seeds. The sunflower grain distribution structure has self-segmentation, maximum heat radiation absorption and low resistance to fluid divergence. .

The embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

Example 1

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, it includes spiral groove 1, platform area 2, and dam area 3. The spiral groove 1 includes two kinds of planar spiral grooves, a clockwise spiral groove 4 and a counterclockwise spiral groove 5, which are opened on the end face of the bearing 12 on the periphery of the dam area 3 and extend to the outer edge of the end face of the bearing 12. All clockwise spiral grooves 4 start from the dam. The outward spiral direction of the area is consistent, and the spacing between adjacent clockwise spiral grooves 4 is uniform in the circumferential direction. All counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 have the same outward spiral direction from the dam area, and the spacing between adjacent counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 is uniform in the circumferential direction. The spacing is uniform, and the clockwise spiral groove 4 and the counterclockwise spiral groove 5 are respectively along the diagonal lines in two directions formed by the arrangement of the sunflower disk seeds, so that the clockwise spiral groove 4 and the counterclockwise spiral groove 5 intersect.

The spiral groove line adopts the phyllotaxic structure of sunflower seeds, imitating the diagonal line shape formed by the seeds in a sunflower disk. During the design process, points that conform to formula (1) can be selected on the working surface of the bearing to form a diagonal line lattice, and then these points can be connected into a smooth curve, and a pattern with a certain width and depth can be processed along the diagonal line curve. Spiral groove.

Example 2

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the outer edge of the end face of the bearing 12 is also provided with a dam area 3. An annular pit structure 7 is provided between the two dam areas 3 on the inner and outer edges of the end face of the bearing 12. The cross-section of the pit structure is: Semi-circular, a spiral groove 1 is provided on the surface of the pit structure; the end surface of the rotor 11 is provided with a corresponding annular protruding structure 8, the cross-section of the protruding structure is semi-circular, so that the pit structure of the bearing 12 and the rotor 11 The raised structures are fitted together;

The spiral groove 1 includes two kinds of spiral grooves, a clockwise spiral groove 4 and a counterclockwise spiral groove 5 opened on the surface of the pit structure of the bearing 12. All clockwise spiral grooves 4 have the same outward spiral direction, and adjacent clockwise spiral grooves 4 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction, all counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 have the same outward rotation direction, and the circumferential spacing between adjacent counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 is even. On the projection of the bottom surface of the bearing, the clockwise spiral grooves 4 and the counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 are respectively arranged along the diagonal lines in two directions formed by the arrangement of the sunflower disk seeds, so that the clockwise spiral grooves 4 and the counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 intersect.

There is a gap of 2 to 4 mm between the pit structure of the bearing 12 and the convex structure of the rotor 11, and lubricant is distributed in the gap.

This kind of spiral groove thrust bearing can not only bear axial load, but also can bear certain radial load.

Example 3

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the outer edge of the end face of the bearing 12 is also provided with a dam area 3. An annular raised structure 9 is provided between the two dam areas 3 at the inner and outer edges of the end face of the bearing 12. The cross-section of the raised structure is: Semi-circular, a spiral groove 1 is provided on the surface of the convex structure; the end surface of the rotor 11 is provided with a corresponding annular pit structure 10, the cross-section of the pit structure is semi-circular, so that the convex structure of the bearing 12 and the rotor 11 The pit structure is fitted together;

The spiral groove 1 includes two kinds of spiral grooves, a clockwise spiral groove 4 and a counterclockwise spiral groove 5 opened on the convex structure surface of the bearing 12. All clockwise spiral grooves 4 have the same outward rotation direction, and adjacent clockwise spiral grooves 4 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction, all counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 have the same outward rotation direction, and the circumferential spacing between adjacent counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 is even. On the projection of the bottom surface of the bearing, the clockwise spiral grooves 4 and the counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 are respectively arranged along the diagonal lines in two directions formed by the arrangement of the sunflower disk seeds, so that the clockwise spiral grooves 4 and the counterclockwise spiral grooves 5 intersect.

There is a gap of 2 to 4 mm between the convex structure of the bearing 12 and the concave structure of the rotor 11, and lubricant is distributed in the gap.

This kind of spiral groove thrust bearing can not only bear axial load, but also can bear certain radial load.

The working principle of the present invention is:

The spiral groove line pattern in the present invention imitates the diagonal line structure formed by the arrangement of sunflower seeds, and utilizes its self-dividing effect and low-resistance divergence effect on fluids.

In the thrust bearing of Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 3, when the rotor rotates clockwise (ω ₁ ), the lubricant is mainly transported by the counterclockwise spiral groove; when the rotor rotates counterclockwise (ω ₂ ), the lubricant is mainly transported by the clockwise spiral groove. The clockwise spiral groove transportation allows the lubricant to quickly and fully fill the gap between the bearing and the rotor when the rotor is rotating forward and reverse, producing a good lubrication effect. Effectively avoid the phenomenon of incomplete liquid lubrication.

When the lubricant is brought into the gap between the bearing and the rotor, it periodically flows through the spiral groove and the platform area along the circumferential direction of the bearing, thereby producing a stepped dynamic pressure effect and improving the bearing capacity. The bidirectional spiral groove structure in the present invention produces a good circumferential step effect when the rotor rotates forward and reverse, enhances the hydrodynamic pressure effect, and enables the bearing to have a higher load-bearing capacity when rotating forward and reverse.

In the radial direction of the bearing, the pressure increases due to the compression effect of the spiral groove on the lubricant. The lubricant is continuously compressed by the dam area at the root of the groove, and the pressure further increases. The bearing relies on the high pressure of the lubricant in the spiral groove area to create load-bearing capacity.

In the thrust bearings of Embodiments 2 and 3: As shown in Figure 5, when the rotor rotates clockwise (ω ₁ ), the lubricant is mainly transported by the counterclockwise spiral groove. When the rotor rotates counterclockwise (ω ₂ ), the lubricant is mainly transported by the counterclockwise spiral groove. Transported by clockwise spiral grooves, the rotor has good lubrication and hydrodynamic effects during forward and reverse rotation.

Based on the low-resistance divergence effect of the sunflower disc on fluid, the spiral grooves of the two spiral directions are interlaced with each other so that the lubricant can quickly and fully fill the gap, which is beneficial to reducing friction. The staggered groove platform structure enhances the step effect in the circumferential direction of the bearing, enhances the hydrodynamic pressure effect, and improves the bearing capacity.

The annular pit-protrusion inlaid structure of the bearing and rotor increases the relative movement surface area, improves working stability, and helps reduce lubricant leakage. And the bearing capacity has a component along the radial direction of the bearing, so that the bearing can bear both axial load and a certain radial load.

The above-mentioned specific embodiments are used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Within the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, any modifications and changes made to the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The bionic spiral groove thrust bearing comprises a rotor (11) and a bearing (12), and is characterized in that: the end face of the bearing (12) is provided with a spiral groove (1), a platform area (2) and a dam area (3), the dam area (3) is positioned at the inner edge of the end face of the bearing (12), the spiral groove (1) is formed on the end face of the bearing (12) at the periphery of the dam area (3), and the platform area (2) is formed on the surface of the end face of the bearing (12) at the periphery of the dam area (3), which is not provided with the spiral groove (1); the rotor (11) rotates relative to the bearing (12), and lubricant is filled between the rotor (11) and the bearing (12);

the spiral groove (1) extends to the outer edge of the end face of the bearing (12) and is consistent in outward rotation from the center;

the spiral groove (1) adopts a leaf sequence structure of sunflower seeds, and the spiral groove (1) is arranged along a diagonal line formed by sunflower disc seeds;

the spiral groove (1) comprises two plane spiral grooves which are arranged on the end face of the bearing (12) at the periphery of the dam area (3) and extend to the outer edge of the end face of the bearing (12), wherein the two plane spiral grooves are a clockwise spiral groove (4) and a counterclockwise spiral groove (5), and the clockwise spiral groove (4) and the counterclockwise spiral groove (5) are respectively arranged along oblique lines in two directions formed by arrangement of sunflower seeds, so that the clockwise spiral groove (4) and the counterclockwise spiral groove (5) are intersected;

the outer edge of the end face of the bearing (12) is also provided with a dam region (3), an annular pit structure or a bulge structure is arranged between the two dam regions (3) at the inner edge and the outer edge of the end face of the bearing (12), the sections of the pit structure and the bulge structure are semicircular, and a spiral groove (1) is formed in the surface of the pit structure or the bulge structure; the end face of the rotor (11) is provided with a corresponding annular protruding structure or a corresponding pit structure, and the cross sections of the protruding structure and the pit structure are semicircular, so that the pit structure of the bearing (12) is embedded with the protruding structure of the rotor (11) or the protruding structure of the bearing (12) is embedded with the pit structure of the rotor (11); the spiral groove (1) comprises two spiral grooves, namely a clockwise spiral groove (4) and a counterclockwise spiral groove (5), which are formed on the surface of a protruding structure or a pit structure on the bearing (12), wherein the clockwise spiral groove (4) and the counterclockwise spiral groove (5) are respectively arranged along inclined lines in two directions formed by arranging sunflower seeds on the projection of the bottom surface of the bearing, so that the clockwise spiral groove (4) and the counterclockwise spiral groove (5) are intersected.

2. A biomimetic spiral groove thrust bearing as in claim 1, wherein: in the spiral groove (1), the number of the spiral grooves in two spiral directions is equal, each of the spiral grooves is 10-20, and the groove depth h _g And oil film thickness h ₁ Ratio h of _g /h _l =2 to 5; groove length ratio λ= (r) _o -r _g )/(r _o -r _i )＝0.5～0.9，r _g Represents the outer diameter of the dam area, r _o Represents the outer diameter of the bearing, r _i Indicating the bearing inner diameter.

3. A biomimetic spiral groove thrust bearing as in claim 1, wherein: a gap of 2-4 mm is formed between the pit structure of the bearing (12) and the protruding structure of the rotor (11) or between the protruding structure of the bearing (12) and the pit structure of the rotor (11), and a lubricant is distributed in the gap.

4. A biomimetic spiral groove thrust bearing as in claim 1, wherein: the spiral groove (1) is only arranged on the surface of the pit structure or the convex structure and does not extend to the dam area (3).