CN107880410A - 一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道。所述材料包括氯化聚乙烯、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体、三元乙丙橡胶、填料、发泡剂、增塑剂、防老剂、染色剂等。所述增塑剂为环己烷一1，2羧酸酯、单蓖麻油酸甘油酯、环氧大豆油(ESO)、脂肪酸季戊四醇酯中的一种或多种；防老剂为紫外线吸收剂二苯甲酮类(UV‑9)及抗氧剂RD并用，提高了跑道的安全以及环保性能。本发明采用一体成型方法制备，工艺简单，且铺设简便，其微发泡特性，在节省成本的同时，赋予跑道更高的弹性、缓冲性能、止滑性和运动舒适性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域，具体涉及一种环保、高弹、质轻、止滑的微发泡预制型塑胶跑道。
背景技术
塑胶跑道即全天候运动跑道，开始由聚氨酯材料制成。1961年，美国明尼苏达的3M公司铺设了第一条200米长聚氨酯赛马跑道，与传统的土质跑道相比，它具有良好的弹性、防滑性、耐磨性、耐候性，色彩鲜明等特点，鉴于上述优点，塑胶跑道问世不久即迅速被各田径场地所采用。塑胶跑道具有性能优异，使用方便等特点，深受人们欢迎，已被国际奥委会定为国际比赛场地的必备条件之一。
预制型塑胶跑道主要应用于中高端的专业体育场以及重视环保理念的学校。自1980年起，被所有奥运会及最高等级赛事采用。它是由工厂预制成型，具有施工方便、环保、安全、耐候、专业等优点。随着世界体育的发展以及对环境与健康的高度认识，跑道在满足使用性能、耐候、耐高低温、耐磨损等性能的同时，在绿色无毒，人体健康与环境保护方面受到高度的关注，不使用有毒有害的原材料，不含重金属等污染物的塑胶跑道成为了新的研究及发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，本发明提供的跑道在拥有优良的耐磨性，耐老化，高弹性等特点。
一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，原材料包括弹性体100份、稳定剂4-6份、填料60-100份、交联剂0-5份、促进剂0-6份、发泡剂0.8-4份、增塑剂5-8份、防老剂3-8份、染色剂2-6份。
一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，所述弹性体为氯化聚乙烯(CM)、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体(POE)、三元乙丙橡胶；稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂；填料为炭黑、白炭黑、滑石粉、碳酸钙、陶土、胶粉、木粉中的一种或多种；硫化剂为硫磺(S)或过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)中的任一种；硫化促进剂为DM、TMTD、TAIC、DPTT中的一种或多种；发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺(发泡剂AC)、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺(发泡剂H)、4，4-氧代双本磺酰肼(发泡剂OBSH)中的一种或多种；增塑剂为环己烷-1，2羧酸酯、单蓖麻油酸甘油酯、环氧大豆油(ESO)、脂肪酸季戊四醇酯中的一种或多种；防老剂为紫外线吸收剂二苯甲酮类(UV-9)及抗氧剂RD并用；颜料为铁红、铁绿、氧化铬、油溶黄、群青、炭黑中的一种或多种。
其中，微发泡预制型塑胶跑道的工艺步骤包括：
1)混炼胶的制备：按照配方的要求称取氯化聚乙烯、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体、三元乙丙橡胶及其他助剂，将称量好的原料投入密炼机中进行混炼，密炼机的温度为80-100℃，混炼5-15min后母胶压片，自然冷却后投入开炼机，加入补强剂、填充剂、发泡剂、增塑剂精炼，精炼时间为2-6min。精炼完成后下片，裁剪，转入挤出机；
2)挤出片材：挤出机挤出成片材或板材，挤出温度为80-110℃；
3)硫化发泡：挤出的片材或板材进行硫化与发泡。通过辐照交联-自由发泡，也可以在硫化成型机上进行硫化与发泡。
4)检验包装。
其中，步骤3)中硫化发泡工艺可以为：挤出的板材经过带有花纹的多辊压延机压延，之后进行辐照交联，将交联后的片材送入150-190℃的烘道中进行发泡，发泡时间为4-15min，发泡完成后，裁边，卷起待用。其中辐照交联为电子加速器辐照或钴60辐照，辐照剂量为30-100kGy。
其中，步骤3)中硫化发泡工艺还可以为：挤出的板材经带有花纹的硫化机，通过热压硫化完成硫化-发泡工艺，之后得到微孔预制型塑胶跑道。其中硫化机平板硫化机、鼓式硫化机或平板连续硫化机，硫化机温度设定为165-180℃，硫化时间15～40min。
其中，压延机以及硫化机上的花纹设计为：塑胶跑道面层设计为带有微小的凸点结构，且凸点的高度为0.5-2mm，凸点直径3-5mm，凸点间距0.5-2mm；跑道底层花纹为橄榄球型凹槽式，橄榄球式凹槽长为5-10mm，宽为2-4mm，间隔距离为3-5mm，花纹深度为5-7mm。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明以微发泡橡胶作为基体材料具有更高的弹性及缓冲性能，增加了运动时的舒适性；
2)本发明为一体成型的预制型塑胶跑道，生产简单，安装方便。
3)良好的止滑性、耐候性和色牢度。
附图说明
图1是双辊压延机以及平板硫化通道上跑道面层的花纹示意图；
图2是双辊压延机以及平板硫化通道上跑道底层的花纹示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述：
实施例1
本发明提供一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其主要配方为：
氯化聚乙烯：60份；
聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体：25份；
三元乙丙橡胶：15份；
填料：白炭黑35，滑石粉25，碳酸钙20份；
发泡剂：AC 1份；
增塑剂：DOP 3份；
防老剂：UV-9 2份，RD 3份；
染色剂：铁红2.5份。
实施例2
本发明提供一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其主要配方为：
氯化聚乙烯：60份；
聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体：15份；
三元乙丙橡胶：25份；
填料：白炭黑40，滑石粉20，碳酸钙20份；
发泡剂：AC 0.8份；
增塑剂：DOP 3份；
防老剂：UV-9 2份，RD 3份；
染色剂：铁绿3份。
实施例1及实施例2的工艺步骤如下：
将配方中三种基体原料及其它助剂按所需重量份称好后投入密炼机中，密炼机温度为100℃，混炼时间为10分钟。之后将其投入到开炼机内进行精炼，精炼时间为4min，精炼完成后下片。之后将混炼胶投入挤出机中挤出橡胶片材，并通过双辊压延机压出花纹，压延机温度为60℃，压延并裁剪后片材宽度为1.22m，厚度为12mm，压出的片材随后进入电子加速器辐照器中进行辐照交联，辐照剂量70kGy，交联后的片材直接进入烘道中发泡，烘道长30m，发泡温度为165-190℃逐渐加热，发泡时间为8min。发泡后产品，冷却卷成成品。
实施例3
本发明提供一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其主要配方为：
氯化聚乙烯：60份；
聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体：25份；
三元乙丙橡胶：15份；
填料：白炭黑35，滑石粉25，碳酸钙20份；
交联剂：DCP 2份；
促进剂：TAIC 1份、TMTD 0.6份；
发泡剂：AC 1份；
增塑剂：DOP 3份；
防老剂：UV-9 2份，RD 3份；
染色剂：铁红2份。
实施例4
本发明提供一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其主要配方为：
氯化聚乙烯：60份；
聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体：15份；
三元乙丙橡胶：25份；
填料：白炭黑40，滑石粉20，碳酸钙20份；
交联剂：DCP 2份；
促进剂：TAIC 1份、TMTD 0.6份；
发泡剂：AC 0.8份；
增塑剂：DOP 3份；
防老剂：UV-9 2份，RD 3份；
染色剂：铁绿2份。
实施例3及实施例4的工艺步骤
将配方中三种基体原料及其它助剂按所需重量份称好后投入密炼机中，密炼机温度为90℃，混炼时间为10分钟。之后将胶料放到开炼机进行精炼并下片，裁剪。之后将裁剪好的胶片放入挤出机挤出一定厚度的板材，并将其放入带有花纹的平板硫化机的模具中进行硫化和发泡，硫化温度为175℃，硫化发泡时间为25min，宽度为1.22m，长度为15-20m，单位压力为1.5-2.5MPa，与之配套的有导开、卷取、夹持和拉伸装置，实现连续性生产，之后冷却卷成成品。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并不限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，原材料包括弹性体100份、稳定剂4-6份、填料60-100份、交联剂0-5份、促进剂0-6份、发泡剂0.8-4份、增塑剂5-8份、防老剂3-8份、染色剂2-6份。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，所述弹性体为氯化聚乙烯(CM)、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体(POE)、三元乙丙橡胶；稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂；填料为炭黑、白炭黑、滑石粉、碳酸钙、陶土、胶粉、木粉中的一种或多种；硫化剂为硫磺(S)或过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)中的任一种；硫化促进剂为DM、TMTD、TAIC、DPTT中的一种或多种；发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺(发泡剂AC)、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺(发泡剂H)、4，4-氧代双本磺酰肼(发泡剂OBSH)中的一种或多种；增塑剂为环己烷-1，2羧酸酯、单蓖麻油酸甘油酯、环氧大豆油(ESO)、脂肪酸季戊四醇酯中的一种或多种；防老剂为紫外线吸收剂二苯甲酮类(UV-9)及抗氧剂RD并用；颜料为铁红、铁绿、氧化铬、油溶黄、群青、炭黑中的一种或多种。
3.一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，其工艺步骤包括：
1)混炼胶的制备：按照配方的要求称取氯化聚乙烯、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体、三元乙丙橡胶及其他助剂，将称量好的原料投入密炼机中进行混炼，密炼机的温度为80-100℃，混炼5-15min后母胶压片，自然冷却后投入开炼机，加入补强剂、填充剂、发泡剂、增塑剂精炼，精炼时间为2-6min。精炼完成后下片，裁剪，转入挤出机；
2)挤出片材：挤出机挤出成片材或板材，挤出温度为80-110℃；
3)硫化发泡：挤出的片材或板材进行硫化与发泡。通过辐照交联-自由发泡，也可以在硫化成型机上进行硫化与发泡。
4)检验包装。
4.根据权利要求书3所述的一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，其中，步骤3)中硫化发泡工艺可以为：挤出的板材经过带有花纹的多辊压延机压延，之后进行辐照交联，将交联后的片材送入150-190℃的烘道中进行发泡，发泡时间为4-15min，发泡完成后，裁边，卷起待用。其中辐照交联为电子加速器辐照或钴60辐照，辐照剂量为30-100kGy。
5.根据权利要求书3所述的一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，其中，步骤3)中硫化发泡工艺还可以为：挤出的板材经带有花纹的硫化机，通过热压硫化完成硫化-发泡工艺，之后得到微孔预制型塑胶跑道。其中硫化机平板硫化机、鼓式硫化机或平板连续硫化机，硫化机温度设定为165-180℃，硫化时间15～40min。
6.根据权利要求书4所述的一种微发泡预制型塑胶跑道，其特征在于，压延机以及硫化机上的花纹设计为：塑胶跑道面层设计为带有微小的凸点结构，且凸点的高度为0.5-2mm，凸点直径3-5mm，凸点间距0.5-2mm；跑道底层花纹为橄榄球型凹槽式，橄榄球式凹槽长为5-10mm，宽为2-4mm，间隔距离为3-5mm，花纹深度为5-7mm。
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