CN107879568A - 一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于废水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，包括废水预处理、生化处理、污泥处理三大步骤。本发明采用微电解反应‑石灰乳中和‑隔油沉淀作为废水的预处理工艺，可达到降解高分子有机物、脱色、中和、破乳去除悬浮物的目的，为后续的生化处理提供了有利条件，本发明生化处理工艺首先采用耗能低、启动快的厌氧复合床反应工艺去除大部分有机污染物，后续与低浓度废水采用循环式活性污泥工艺为核心的好氧工艺，节能高效，提高了废水处理效能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于废水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺。
背景技术
近年来，随着制药行业的快速发展，制药废水的产生量很大，制药工业废水的年排放量达到0.25Gt，但年平均处理率还不到30%，制药工业相对于其它产业，具有原料成分复杂、生产过程多样、产品种类繁多等特点，制药过程中产生的废水污染物含量高、可生化降解性差、水质水量变化大，是较难处理的工业废水之一。
对于生物制药生产废水水质而言，废水呈酸性，且有机污染物浓度较高，存在一定量的难生物降解物质，含有一定量的色度，该水量虽小，但间接排放冲击符合较高，给生物处理带来一定的难度，另外还含有一定量的低浓度废水。
发明内容
针对生物制药生产废水水量、水质的特点，本领域技术人员极力开发一套高效、低耗的组合处理工艺。
一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，按照以下步骤进行：
（1）废水预处理
A.微电解处理：生产过程中的高浓度废水汇入集水池，由泵送至微电解反应器，进行铁碳微电解，同时通入空气辅助氧化，废水停留的时间为2h，反应后出水进入中和沉淀池；
B.中和沉淀处理：进水加入石灰乳，调节废水pH值至碱性，同时加入絮凝剂PAM,采用隔板反应，反应20分钟，经中和、沉淀后的废水流入选择反应池；
C.选择处理：反应池内填悬浮生物填料，废水与回流污泥混合，污泥选择性吸附和降解水中难降解有机物，废水停留时间为6小时；
（2）生化处理
A.厌氧处理：废水经泵提升，从厌氧器底部布水系统出水，均匀上升与高浓度悬浮污泥充分接触，使微生物进行无氧呼吸，上部的滤料层加速汽水分离，使废水生物量增加，废水停留时间为48小时；
B.脱气沉淀处理：废水脱气沉淀时间5小时，吹脱厌氧出水带出的有害气体，沉淀去除厌氧出水夹带的部分厌氧污泥，沉淀收集的污泥回流至选择反应池，脱气沉淀后的废水流入混合调节池；
C.混合调节处理：低浓度废水汇入混合调节池，与脱气沉淀后的废水混合，池内设附着有生物膜的悬浮性填料，水解部分难降解的大分子有机物，同时定期曝气，提高废水B/C值，增强可生化性，废水停留时间为12小时；
D.好氧处理：混合调节后废水由泵提升进入CASS反应池，进行微孔曝气好氧处理，曝气采用非限性曝气方式，进水4小时，进水2小时开始曝气，曝气时间12小时，沉淀2小时，排水2小时，闲置4小时；
（3）污泥处理
中和沉淀池、CASS反应池产生的污泥流入污泥池，再由污泥泵打入污泥浓缩罐，污泥经浓缩后压入板框压滤机压滤脱水，产生的干泥饼外运处理；浓缩罐的上清液和压滤产生的清液回流至混合调节池，与脱气沉淀后的废水、低浓度废水均质混合后，再进行好氧处理。
进一步的，所述的微电解反应器内设置有穿孔PVC支撑，填装有铁碳填料，铁碳体积比为1:1。
进一步的，所述中和沉淀池为隔板反应池，池内设有聚丙烯斜管，安装倾角为60。。
进一步的，所述UBF厌氧反应器底部设有布水系统，下部为高度浓污泥组成的污泥床，上部为填料及附着的生物膜组成的滤料层，反应器内设置有新型沉淀装置，污泥沉淀、回流、气液分离在同一设备中完成。
进一步的，所述CASS反应池中设置有微孔曝气软管和鼓风机。
本发明的有益效果：
对生产废水实行清污分流，将高浓度废水经合并预处理后再与低浓度的废水混合处理，具有高效、低耗的特点；废水预处理采用“微电解反应-石灰乳中和-隔油沉淀”工艺，可以达到降解高分子有机物、驼色、中和、破乳去除悬浮物的目的，经预处理的生产废水，B/C基本符合生化进水条件；生化处理工艺首先采用耗能低，启动快的厌氧复合床反应工艺去除大部分有机污染物，后续与低浓度废水混合采用以CASS工艺（循环式活性污泥工艺）为核心的好氧工艺，可有效的去除溶解性有机污染物质，使废水达标排放。
附图说明
图1为制药废水的微电解处理工艺的流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，按以下步骤进行：
（1）废水预处理
A.微电解处理：生产过程中的高浓度废水汇入集水池，由泵送至微电解反应器，进行铁碳微电解，微电解反应器内填装有铁碳填料，铁碳体积比为1:1，穿孔PVC支撑，同时通入空气辅助氧化，废水停留的时间为2h，反应后出水进入中和沉淀池；
B.中和沉淀处理：进水加入石灰乳，调节废水pH值至碱性，同时加入絮凝剂PAM，采用隔板反应，反应20分钟，经中和、沉淀后的废水流入选择反应池；
C.选择处理：反应池内填悬浮生物填料，废水与回流污泥混合，污泥选择性吸附和降解水中难降解有机物，废水停留时间为6小时；
（2）生化处理
A.厌氧处理：废水经泵提升，从厌氧器底部布水系统出水，均匀上升与高浓度悬浮污泥充分接触，使微生物进行无氧呼吸，上部的滤料层加速汽水分离，使废水生物量增加，废水停留时间为48小时；
B.脱气沉淀处理：废水脱气沉淀时间5小时，吹脱厌氧出水带出的有害气体，沉淀去除厌氧出水夹带的部分厌氧污泥，沉淀收集的污泥回流至选择反应池，以保证厌氧反应器运行的可靠性，脱气沉淀后的废水流入混合调节池；
C.混合调节处理：低浓度废水汇入混合调节池，与脱气沉淀后的废水混合，池内设附着有生物膜的悬浮性填料，水解部分难降解的大分子有机物，同时定期曝气，提高废水B/C值，增强可生化性，废水停留时间为12小时；
D.好氧处理：混合调节后废水由泵提升进入CASS反应池，池内设置有鼓风机供气，布气装置为微孔曝气软管，进行微孔曝气好氧处理，曝气采用非限性曝气方式，流程由进水、反应、沉淀、滗水、闲置等基本过程组成，各阶段形成一个循环。具体流程为：进水4小时，进水2小时开始曝气，曝气时间12小时，沉淀2小时，排水2小时，闲置4小时；
（3）污泥处理工艺
中和沉淀池、CASS反应池产生的污泥流入污泥池，再由污泥泵打入污泥浓缩罐，污泥经浓缩后压入板框压滤机压滤脱水，产生的干泥饼外运处理；浓缩罐的上清液和压滤产生的清液回流至混合调节池，与脱气沉淀后的废水、低浓度废水均质混合后，再进行好氧处理。
Claims (5)
1.一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，其特征在于，按照以下步骤进行：
（1）废水预处理
A.微电解处理：生产过程中的高浓度废水汇入集水池，由泵送至微电解反应器，进行铁碳微电解，同时通入空气辅助氧化，废水停留的时间为2h，出水流入中和沉淀池；
B.中和沉淀处理：往进水中加入石灰乳，调节废水pH值至碱性，同时加入絮凝剂PAM，采用隔板反应，反应20分钟，经中和、沉淀后的废水流入选择反应池；
C.选择处理：反应池内填悬浮生物填料，废水与回流污泥混合，污泥选择性吸附和降解水中难降解有机物，废水停留时间为6小时；
（2）生化处理
A.厌氧处理：废水经泵提升，从厌氧器底部布水系统出水，均匀上升与高浓度悬浮污泥充分接触，使微生物进行无氧呼吸，上部的滤料层加速汽水分离，使废水生物量增加，废水停留时间为48小时；
B.脱气沉淀处理：废水脱气沉淀时间5小时，吹脱厌氧出水带出的有害气体，沉淀去除厌氧出水夹带的部分厌氧污泥，沉淀收集的污泥回流至选择反应池，脱气沉淀后的废水流入混合调节池；
C.混合调节处理：低浓度废水汇入混合调节池，与脱气沉淀后的废水混合，池内设附着有生物膜的悬浮性填料，水解部分难降解的大分子有机物，同时定期曝气，提高废水B/C值，增强可生化性，废水停留时间为12小时；
D.好氧处理：混合调节后废水由泵提升进入CASS反应池，进行微孔曝气好氧处理，曝气采用非限性曝气方式，进水4小时，进水2小时开始曝气，曝气时间12小时，沉淀2小时，排水2小时，闲置4小时；
（3）污泥处理
中和沉淀池、CASS反应池产生的污泥流入污泥池，再由污泥泵打入污泥浓缩罐，污泥经浓缩后压入板框压滤机压滤脱水，产生的干泥饼外运处理；浓缩罐的上清液和压滤产生的清液回流至混合调节池，与脱气沉淀后的废水、低浓度废水均质混合后，再进行好氧处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的微电解反应器内设置有穿孔PVC支撑，填装有铁碳填料，铁碳体积比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，其特征在于： 所述中和沉淀池为隔板反应池，池内设有聚丙烯斜管，安装倾角为60°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，其特征在于：所述UBF厌氧反应器底部设有布水系统，下部为高度浓污泥组成的污泥床，上部为填料及附着的生物膜组成的滤料层，反应器内设置有新型沉淀装置，污泥沉淀、回流、气液分离在同一设备中完成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种制药废水的微电解处理工艺，其特征在于：所述CASS反应池中设置有微孔曝气软管和鼓风机。
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