CN107868681A - 车用生物燃料 - Google Patents

车用生物燃料 Download PDF

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CN107868681A
CN107868681A CN201711194641.5A CN201711194641A CN107868681A CN 107868681 A CN107868681 A CN 107868681A CN 201711194641 A CN201711194641 A CN 201711194641A CN 107868681 A CN107868681 A CN 107868681A
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蒙呈星
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Guangxi Fengtai Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C10L2200/0476—Biodiesel, i.e. defined lower alkyl esters of fatty acids first generation biodiesel
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Abstract

本发明属于燃料技术领域，特别涉及一种车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：生物柴油60‑80份，2,2‑二异戊醚‑1,3‑丙二醇8‑15份，丙二醇丁醚8‑12份，三烯丙基胺3‑8份，单硬脂酸甘油酯1‑5份，二甲基乙酰胺1‑5份。本发明的车用生物燃料具有自清洁的作用，使用本发明的车用生物燃料不容易积碳，且本发明的车用柴油具有较长的保质期，不容易变质，制备得到的生物柴油满足国标五的技术要求。

Description

车用生物燃料
技术领域
本发明属于燃料技术领域，特别涉及一种车用生物燃料。
背景技术
生物柴油(Biodiesel)是一种较为洁净的合成油，普遍用于拖拉机、卡车、船舶等。它是指以油料作物如大豆、油菜、棉、棕榈等，野生油料植物和工程微藻等水生植物油脂以及动物油脂、餐饮垃圾油等为原料油通过酯交换或热化学工艺制成的可代替石化柴油的再生性柴油燃料。
生物柴油是生物质能的一种，其在物理性质上与石化柴油接近，但化学组成不同。生物柴油是含氧量极高的复杂有机成分的混合物，这些混合物主要是一些分子量大的有机物，几乎包括所有种类的含氧有机物，如：酯、醚、醛、酮、酚、有机酸、醇等。
但是生物柴油燃使用时会产生易结胶、积碳等问题，多年以来始终困扰着业界技术人员。在发动机燃烧室内，生物柴油又比石油柴油更容易产生积碳，导致汽缸压缩比升高、燃烧环境持续恶化，造成燃烧不充分，造成发动机磨损严重、温度升高，车辆油耗快速增加，积碳造成进气阀燃油吸附和喷油嘴雾化不完全，从而造成发动机的动力损失。此外，生物柴油存放时间短易变质，变质后的生物柴油其酸度会增加，对发动机腐蚀性大。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供车用生物燃料，该车用生物燃料不容易积碳，且保质期较长。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：生物柴油60-80份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇8-15份，丙二醇丁醚8-12份，三烯丙基胺3-8份，单硬脂酸甘油酯1-5份，二甲基乙酰胺1-5份。
优选地，本发明所述的车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：生物柴油65-75份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇10-13份，丙二醇丁醚9-11份，三烯丙基胺4-6份，单硬脂酸甘油酯2-4份，二甲基乙酰胺2-4份。
更优选地，本发明所述的车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：生物柴油70份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇12份，丙二醇丁醚10份，三烯丙基胺5份，单硬脂酸甘油酯3份，二甲基乙酰胺3份。
优选地，本发明所述的生物柴油的制备方法为：取植物油，加入甲醇和氢氧化钾，混合均匀，在55-70℃下反应1.5-2.5h，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗进行分离，分出下层甘油，将上层产物蒸馏脱除甲醇，温水洗涤至中性，再经蒸馏，即可得到生物柴油。
优选地，本发明所述的植物油为棕榈油、菜籽油、棉籽油、大豆油、蓖麻油中的一种。
优选地，本发明所述植物油与甲醇的体积比为5:2-3。
优选地，本发明所述氢氧化钾的加入量为植物油质量的0.8-1.2％。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的车用生物燃料具有自清洁的作用，使用本发明的车用生物燃料不容易积碳，且本发明的的车用柴油具有较长的保质期，不容易变质，制备得到的生物柴油满足国标五的技术要求。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成(混合均匀即可)：生物柴油60份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇15份，丙二醇丁醚8份，三烯丙基胺8份，单硬脂酸甘油酯1份，二甲基乙酰胺5份。
上述的生物柴油的制备方法为：取菜籽油，加入甲醇和菜籽油质量的1.2％的氢氧化钾，混合均匀，在55℃下反应2h，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗进行分离，分出下层甘油，将上层产物蒸馏脱除甲醇，温水洗涤至中性，再经蒸馏，即可得到生物柴油；所述菜籽油与甲醇的体积比为5:2。
新车使用本实施例的车用生物燃料跑3000公里，仅有微量积碳，同比使用0#柴油的少10倍以上。
实施例2
车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成(混合均匀即可)：生物柴油65份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇13份，丙二醇丁醚9份，三烯丙基胺6份，单硬脂酸甘油酯2份，二甲基乙酰胺4。
上述的生物柴油的制备方法为：取棉籽油，加入甲醇和棉籽油质量的1.1％的氢氧化钾，混合均匀，在60℃下反应1.5h，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗进行分离，分出下层甘油，将上层产物蒸馏脱除甲醇，温水洗涤至中性，再经蒸馏，即可得到生物柴油；所述棉籽油与甲醇的体积比为5:2.5。
新车使用本实施例的车用生物燃料跑3000公里，仅有微量积碳，同比使用0#柴油的少10倍以上。
实施例3
车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成(混合均匀即可)：生物柴油70份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇12份，丙二醇丁醚10份，三烯丙基胺5份，单硬脂酸甘油酯3份，二甲基乙酰胺3份。
上述的生物柴油的制备方法为：取棕榈油，加入甲醇和棕榈油质量的1％的氢氧化钾，混合均匀，在65℃下反应2h，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗进行分离，分出下层甘油，将上层产物蒸馏脱除甲醇，温水洗涤至中性，再经蒸馏，即可得到生物柴油；所述棕榈油与甲醇的体积比为5:2.5。
新车使用本实施例的车用生物燃料跑3000公里，仅有微量积碳，同比使用0#柴油的少12倍以上。
实施例4
车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成(混合均匀即可)：生物柴油75份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇10份，丙二醇丁醚11份，三烯丙基胺4份，单硬脂酸甘油酯4份，二甲基乙酰胺2。
上述的生物柴油的制备方法为：取大豆油，加入甲醇和大豆油质量的0.9％的氢氧化钾，混合均匀，在70℃下反应2h，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗进行分离，分出下层甘油，将上层产物蒸馏脱除甲醇，温水洗涤至中性，再经蒸馏，即可得到生物柴油；所述大豆油与甲醇的体积比为5:3。
新车使用本实施例的车用生物燃料跑3000公里，仅有微量积碳，同比使用0#柴油的少9倍以上。
实施例5
车用生物燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成(混合均匀即可)：生物柴油80份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇8份，丙二醇丁醚12份，三烯丙基胺3份，单硬脂酸甘油酯5份，二甲基乙酰胺1份。
上述的生物柴油的制备方法为：取蓖麻油，加入甲醇和蓖麻油质量的0.8％的氢氧化钾，混合均匀，在55℃下反应1.5h，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗进行分离，分出下层甘油，将上层产物蒸馏脱除甲醇，温水洗涤至中性，再经蒸馏，即可得到生物柴油；所述蓖麻油与甲醇的体积比为5:2。
新车使用本实施例的车用生物燃料跑5000公里，仅有微量积碳，同比使用0#柴油的少15倍以上。
表1本发明的车用生物燃料性能指标
注：本发明的0#柴油技术要求为国五标准。
表2本发明的车用生物燃料不同组分对贮存情况的影响
注：A：生物柴油；B：2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇；C：丙二醇丁醚；D：三烯丙基胺；E：单硬脂酸甘油酯；F：二甲基乙酰胺；A、B、C、D、E、F多对应的数值单位为重量份，酸度的单位为mgKOH/100mL，均是在25℃环境下放置一定时间后测量；上述实验结果，其他条件都相同，不同组分变化为变量。

Claims (7)

1.车用生物燃料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：生物柴油60-80份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇8-15份，丙二醇丁醚8-12份，三烯丙基胺3-8份，单硬脂酸甘油酯1-5份，二甲基乙酰胺1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：生物柴油65-75份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇10-13份，丙二醇丁醚9-11份，三烯丙基胺4-6份，单硬脂酸甘油酯2-4份，二甲基乙酰胺2-4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：生物柴油70份，2,2-二异戊醚-1,3-丙二醇12份，丙二醇丁醚10份，三烯丙基胺5份，单硬脂酸甘油酯3份，二甲基乙酰胺3份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述的生物柴油的制备方法为：取植物油，加入甲醇和氢氧化钾，混合均匀，在55-70℃下反应1.5-2.5h，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗进行分离，分出下层甘油，将上层产物蒸馏脱除甲醇，温水洗涤至中性，再经蒸馏，即可得到生物柴油。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述的植物油为棕榈油、菜籽油、棉籽油、大豆油、蓖麻油中的一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述植物油与甲醇的体积比为5:2-3。
7.根据权利要求4所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述氢氧化钾的加入量为植物油质量的0.8-1.2％。
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CN101379165A (zh) * 2006-02-03 2009-03-04 伊士曼化工公司 可用于生物柴油以及其它脂肪酸和酸酯组合物中的抗氧化剂组合物
CN101787332A (zh) * 2010-03-12 2010-07-28 江苏卡特新能源有限公司 制备脂肪酸混合酯的方法
CN104357101A (zh) * 2014-11-06 2015-02-18 金景达(北京)环保动力科技有限公司 一种高效稳定生物柴油复合燃料
CN106281505A (zh) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-04 广西东奇能源技术有限公司 节能型车用燃料添加剂

Patent Citations (4)

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CN101379165A (zh) * 2006-02-03 2009-03-04 伊士曼化工公司 可用于生物柴油以及其它脂肪酸和酸酯组合物中的抗氧化剂组合物
CN101787332A (zh) * 2010-03-12 2010-07-28 江苏卡特新能源有限公司 制备脂肪酸混合酯的方法
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