CN107864920A - A kind of method of cowboying - Google Patents
A kind of method of cowboying Download PDFInfo
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- CN107864920A CN107864920A CN201710870436.XA CN201710870436A CN107864920A CN 107864920 A CN107864920 A CN 107864920A CN 201710870436 A CN201710870436 A CN 201710870436A CN 107864920 A CN107864920 A CN 107864920A
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- fattening
- days
- cowboying
- cattle
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of cowboying, belong to livestock and poultry cultivation technical field.It comprises the following steps：(1) cattle farm environment is set；(2) feeding management；(3) health and epidemic prevention；(4) the useless dirty integrated treatment of cultivation；(5) cropland application of organic fertilizer；(6) preparation of roughage.The method of the present invention, can effectively solve the useless dirty pollution of plant, plant's dirt of giving up is become into available beneficial resource biogas and organic fertilizer, and agricultural byproducts discarded object caused by planting industry and farm and sideline product processing industry is crossed into abdomen returning to the field, reduce burning and abandon agricultural byproducts discarded object and caused air pollution and environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cowboying, belong to livestock and poultry cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Existing cowboying method often only focuses on cowboying in itself, and have ignored the environmental sanitation of cowboying, the useless dirty place of cultivation
The comprehensive utilization of reason and breeding feed, aquaculture cost is not only increased, reduce culture benefit, cow dung also pollutes the environment, unfavorable
In ecological and harmonious sustainable development.
In consideration of it, it is necessary to provide a kind of method of cowboying, to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of method of cowboying, this hair
Bright method, can effectively solve the useless dirty pollution of plant, plant's dirt of giving up is become available beneficial resource biogas and had
Machine fertilizer, and agricultural byproducts discarded object caused by planting industry and farm and sideline product processing industry is crossed into abdomen returning to the field, reduce and burn and abandon agriculture
Byproduct discarded object and caused air pollution and environmental pollution.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of method of cowboying, comprises the following steps：
(1) cattle farm environment is set
Cattle farm is away from village and major trunk roads, at the lower wind direction of residential block and public building group, cattle farm is flat, on the sunny side, dry,
Physical features is higher by local historical high flood line, and level of ground water is in below 2m；
Cattle farm is divided into living management area, culture zone and isolated area, and adjacent functional section is away from no less than 30-50m, and provided with anti-
Epidemic disease isolation strip or epidemic prevention divider wall；
Cowshed is located in culture zone, its construction style be spacious canopy formula, semi open model and it is closed in one or more；
Ox bed is in cowshed, and its length is 1 .7-1 .8m, and the ground of ox bed is solid, anti-skidding, is easy to wash away, and to dropping pit
2 °, dropping pit wide 25-30cm, deep 10-15cm are tilted, and 2-3 ° is tilted to manure storage pond；
(2) feeding management
2.1 finishing period
Feed 0.3-0.4% of the amount for cow weight the days of finishing period；
2.2 the gestational period
The gestational period of cow is divided into first half period of gestation, second trimester of pregnancy and latter half of gestation, wherein, the mixed concentrate day of Early placental phase feeds
Measure as 1-1 .5kg；The mixed concentrate day of second trimester of pregnancy feed amount be 1 .5-2kg；It is many that the mixed concentrate day of latter half of gestation feeds amount
The day amount of feeding of mixed concentrate reduces half in last 1 week before 2kg, childbirth；
2.3 nursing period
The childbirth same day gives the warm water of 36-38 DEG C of cow, adds wheat bran 1-1 .5kg and salt 100-150g in warm water, is tuned into
Gruel shape；Feed amount 1 .5-2kg the days of the mixed concentrate terminated after childbirth to nursing period；Diestrum：The first service time is
40-60 days postpartum；
2.4 calf breeding
2.4.1 nursing
Colostrum is fed after calf birth in 1 hour, after calf is born 7-10 days, daily with cow lead in outdoor or sports ground from
By moving half an hour, 1-2 hour is increased to after one month, gradually extends to 7-8 hours later；
2.4.2 early supplement feeding
Early supplement feeding is carried out to calf since 2 monthly ages, mends feed 1-2 time daily, starts examination hello mixed concentrate, March during 2 monthly age
Every ox day of age feeds 0 .2-0 .3kg, feeds 0 .3-0 .8kg 4 ox days at monthly age every, feeds 0 .8-1 5 ox days at monthly age every
.2kg, every ox day of 6 monthly age feeds 1 .2-1 .5kg；
2.5 beef ox fattening
The beef ox fattening phase is divided into young ox fattening, feeder cattle fattening and fattening high-grade beef cattle, wherein, the fattening time of young ox
6-8 months, the fattening time of feeder cattle 2-3 months, the fattening time of high-grade beef cattle 8-10 months；Per 100kg fattening period beef cattles
Feed fattening period mixed concentrate 0.5-0.8kg and coarse fodder 3-5kg；
(3) health and epidemic prevention
Sterilization pool is set up in cattle farm, and the sodium hydroxide solution that cowshed is monthly 2-3% with mass percent sprays once；Kill ox
External parasite and mosquito, fly, horsefly；Put out muroid；Deadly infectious disease is slaughtered, blocked, sterilized；
(4) the useless dirty integrated treatment of cultivation
Including biogas fermentation and organic fertilizer fermentation, wherein, the biogas fermentation, it is to utilize anaerobic bacteria, anaerobism hair is carried out to fecaluria
Ferment obtains machine fertilizer zymotic fluid, and the condition of anaerobic fermentation is：Oxygen free condition is kept, raw material carbon-nitrogen ratio is 1:1, fermentation temperature 20-30
DEG C, pH value 7-8.5；The organic fertilizer fermentation, it is to mix cow dung with system chaff, brown sugar water, control moisture is in 40-60%, then sprays
Organic fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed fermentation is spilt, throwing is turned in fermentation process and mixes thoroughly, ferments 12-20 days, obtains organic fertilizer；
(5) cropland application of organic fertilizer
The organic fertilizer cropland application that step (4) is obtained；
(6) preparation of roughage
The roughage is prepared by herbage, weeds, ensilage or agricultural byproducts.
The cultural method of the present invention can effectively solve the useless dirty pollution of plant, and plant's dirt of giving up is become available and had
Beneficial resource biogas and organic fertilizer, and agricultural byproducts discarded object caused by planting industry and farm and sideline product processing industry is crossed into abdomen returning to the field, subtract
It is few to burn and abandon agricultural byproducts discarded object and caused air pollution and environmental pollution.
In the present invention, finishing period refers to cow from wean to the period before breeding.The gestational period of cow be divided into first half period of gestation,
Second trimester of pregnancy and latter half of gestation, fertilization to the period between being pregnant 2 months is first half period of gestation；Between pregnancy 2 months to 7 months
Period is second trimester of pregnancy；8 months periods to childbirth of pregnancy are latter half of gestation.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can also do following improvement：
Further, step (1) the living management area is located at the long-term cardinal wind upwind in cattle farm and physical features higher position, including
Living facilities, office facility, production auxiliary equipment；The culture zone is located among cattle farm, including cowshed is set with production auxiliary
Apply；The isolated area be located under plant wind direction or crosswind to and physical features lower, including animal doctor room, isolation cowshed, manure storage field,
Load and unload ox platform and treatment tank；The cowshed uses brick mix structure or lightweight steel construction, using tubular steel post, adjacent cowshed spacing
No less than 15m.
Further, the mixed concentrate of first half period of gestation described in step 2 .2 is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：Corn
Powder 72.5%, cake class 15%, wheat bran 8%, the .5% of calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, salt 1% and additive 2%；The second trimester of pregnancy mixes
Fine fodder is closed to be made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：The .5% of corn flour 67, cake class 18%, wheat bran 10%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1
.5%, salt 1% and additive 2%；The mixed concentrate of the latter half of gestation is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：It is beautiful
Ground rice 65%, cake class 20%, wheat bran 10%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, salt 1% and additive 2%, wherein, the cake class is beans
One or more in cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake, the additive are cow premix or beef cattle premix.
Further, the raw material after childbirth described in step 2 .3 to the mixed concentrate that nursing period terminates by following percetage by weight
Composition：Corn flour 55-60%, cake class 25-30%, wheat bran 5-10%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, the .5% of salt 1 and additive 2%,
Wherein, the cake class is the one or more in soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake, and the additive is that cow premix or beef cattle are pre-
Batch mixing.
Further, the mixed concentrate of early supplement feeding described in step 2 .4 .2 is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：It is beautiful
Ground rice 47%, wheat bran 13%, dregs of beans 20%, grass meal or corn stalk powder 15%, the .2% of calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, the .8% of salt 0 and add
Add agent 3%, wherein, the additive is cow premix or beef cattle premix.
Further, fattening period mixed concentrate is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight described in step 2 .5：Corn flour 70-
75%th, cake class 15-20%, additive 2%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1-2%, salt 1-1 .5% and the .5-1% of sodium bicarbonate 0, wherein, institute
Cake class is stated as the one or more in soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake, the additive is cow premix or beef cattle premix.
Wherein, in above-mentioned cow premix or beef cattle premix, every kilogram containing the units of 4 .0-20 .0 of vitamin A ten thousand,
The units of 0 .55-8 .0 of vitamine D3 ten thousand, vitamin E 300-1200 units .0-18 .0% of calcium 10, total phosphorus >=3%, salt
The .0% of 10 .0- 16, moisture≤12%, rumen bypass lysine >=7%, iron 200-9000mg, copper 200-700mg, zinc 600-
3000mg, manganese 400-3000mg, selenium 2.0-10.0mg, iodine 5.0-50.0mg, cobalt 2.0-40.0mg.
Further, coarse fodder described in step 2 .5 is in vinasse, microbial horseshoe slag, ensiling whole-plant corn, ammoniated corn fodder
It is one or more.
Further, step (4) the organic fertilizer fermentation agent is EM bacterium.
Further, the preparation method of step (6) described roughage is：Whole-plant corn is taken, short, thick stalk is cut up with a hay cutter and rubs silk, use rice bran
Moisture is adjusted to 50-60%, probiotics leaven is sprayed, loading of kiln compacting, seals kiln, microbial 30 days, obtain corn silage material；Or
Take the raw material of following percetage by weight：Horseshoe slag 60%, rice bran 30% and peanut shell powder 10%, after being well mixed, loading of kiln compacting,
Kiln is sealed, microbial 30 days, obtains horseshoe slag roughage.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) cultural method of the invention can effectively solve the useless pollution of plant, and plant's dirt of giving up is become available and had
Beneficial resource biogas and organic fertilizer, and agricultural byproducts discarded object caused by planting industry and farm and sideline product processing industry is crossed into abdomen returning to the field, subtract
It is few to burn and abandon agricultural byproducts discarded object and caused air pollution and environmental pollution.
(2) cultural method of the invention can effectively control the generation of plant's stench and distribute, and reduce plant's foul smell
Pollution.
(3) cultural method of the invention can improve the immunity of cows, reduce the use of antibiotic, reduce medicine in beef
Thing remains, and food security can be effectively ensured.
(4) method of the invention is simple, wide market, is adapted to scale application to promote.
Embodiment
The principle and feature of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention；
A kind of method of cowboying, comprises the following steps：
(1) cattle farm environment is set
Away from village and major trunk roads, at the lower wind direction of residential block and public building group, cattle farm is flat, faces south, be dry for cattle farm
Dry, physical features is higher by local historical high flood line, and level of ground water is in below 2m.
Cattle farm is divided into living management area, culture zone and isolated area, and adjacent functional section is provided with away from no less than 30-50m
Epidemic prevention isolation strip or epidemic prevention divider wall.Wherein, living management area is located at the long-term cardinal wind upwind in cattle farm and physical features higher position,
Including living facilities, office facility, production auxiliary equipment；The culture zone is located among cattle farm, including cowshed aids in production
Facility；The isolated area be located under plant wind direction or crosswind to and physical features lower, including animal doctor room, isolation cowshed, manure storage
Field, handling ox platform and treatment tank；The cowshed uses brick mix structure or lightweight steel construction, using tubular steel post, adjacent cowshed
Spacing is no less than 15m.
Cowshed is located in culture zone, its construction style be spacious canopy formula, semi open model and it is closed in one or more.
Ox bed is in cowshed, and its length is 1 .7-1 .8m, and the ground of ox bed is solid, anti-skidding, is easy to wash away, and to excrement
Ditch tilts 2 °, dropping pit wide 25-30cm, deep 10-15cm, and tilts 2-3 ° to manure storage pond.
(2) feeding management
2.1 finishing period
Feed 0.3-0.4% of the amount for cow weight the days of finishing period.
2.2 the gestational period
The gestational period of cow is divided into first half period of gestation, second trimester of pregnancy and latter half of gestation, wherein, the mixed concentrate day of Early placental phase feeds
Measure as 1-1 .5kg；The mixed concentrate of the first half period of gestation is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：The .5% of corn flour 72,
Cake class 15%, wheat bran 8%, the .5% of calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, salt 1% and additive 2%.The mixed concentrate day of second trimester of pregnancy feeds amount
1 .5-2kg；The mixed concentrate of the second trimester of pregnancy is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：The .5% of corn flour 67, cake class
18%th, wheat bran 10%, the .5% of calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, salt 1% and additive 2%.It is many that the mixed concentrate day of latter half of gestation feeds amount
The day amount of feeding of mixed concentrate reduces half in last 1 week before 2kg, childbirth；The mixed concentrate of the latter half of gestation by weighing as follows
Measure the raw material composition of percentage：Corn flour 65%, cake class 20%, wheat bran 10%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, salt 1% and additive
2%.Wherein, the cake class is the one or more in soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake, and the additive is cow premix or meat
Ox premix.
2.3 nursing period
The childbirth same day gives the warm water of 36-38 DEG C of cow, adds wheat bran 1-1 .5kg and salt 100-150g in warm water, is tuned into
Gruel shape；Feed amount 1 .5-2kg the days of the mixed concentrate terminated after childbirth to nursing period；Terminate after the childbirth to nursing period
Mixed concentrate is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：Corn flour 55-60%, cake class 25-30%, wheat bran 5-10%, phosphoric acid
Hydrogen calcium 2%, the .5% of salt 1 and additive 2%.Wherein, the cake class is the one or more in soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake,
The additive is cow premix or beef cattle premix.Diestrum：The first service time is 40-60 days postpartum.
2.4 calf breeding
2.4.1 nursing
Colostrum is fed after calf birth in 1 hour, after calf is born 7-10 days, daily with cow lead in outdoor or sports ground from
By moving half an hour, 1-2 hour is increased to after one month, gradually extends to 7-8 hours later.
2.4.2 early supplement feeding
Early supplement feeding is carried out to calf since 2 monthly ages, mends feed 1-2 time daily, starts examination hello mixed concentrate during 2 monthly age, it is described
The mixed concentrate of early supplement feeding is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：Corn flour 47%, wheat bran 13%, dregs of beans 20%, grass
Powder or corn stalk powder 15%, the .2% of calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, the .8% of salt 0 and additive 3%.Wherein, the additive is cow
Premix or beef cattle premix.
Feed 0 .2-0 .3kg 3 ox days at monthly age every, feed 0 .3-0 .8kg 4 ox days at monthly age every, fed 5 ox days at monthly age every
The .2kg of 0 .8- 1,6 ox days at monthly age every feed 1 .2-1 .5kg.
2.5 beef ox fattening
The beef ox fattening phase is divided into young ox fattening, feeder cattle fattening and fattening high-grade beef cattle, wherein, the fattening time of young ox
6-8 months, the fattening time of feeder cattle 2-3 months, the fattening time of high-grade beef cattle 8-10 months；Per 100kg fattening period beef cattles
Feed the .5-0 .8kg of fattening period mixed concentrate 0 and coarse fodder 3-5kg；The fattening period mixed concentrate by following percetage by weight original
Material composition：Corn flour 70-75%, cake class 15-20%, additive 2%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1-2%, salt 1-1 .5% and sodium bicarbonate
0 .5-1%.Wherein, the cake class is the one or more in soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake, and the additive is cow premix
Or beef cattle premix, the coarse fodder are the one or more in vinasse, microbial horseshoe slag, ensiling whole-plant corn, ammoniated corn fodder.
(3) health and epidemic prevention
Sterilization pool is set up in cattle farm, and the sodium hydroxide solution that cowshed is monthly 2-3% with mass percent sprays once；Kill ox
External parasite and mosquito, fly, horsefly；Put out muroid；Deadly infectious disease is slaughtered, blocked, sterilized.
(4) the useless dirty integrated treatment of cultivation
Including biogas fermentation and organic fertilizer fermentation, wherein, the biogas fermentation, it is to utilize anaerobic bacteria, anaerobism hair is carried out to fecaluria
Ferment obtains machine fertilizer zymotic fluid, and the condition of anaerobic fermentation is：Oxygen free condition is kept, raw material carbon-nitrogen ratio is 1:1, fermentation temperature 20-30
DEG C, pH value 7-8.5；The organic fertilizer fermentation, it is to mix cow dung with system chaff, brown sugar water, control moisture is in 40-60%, then sprays
Organic fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed fermentation is spilt, the organic fertilizer fermentation agent is EM bacterium, turns over throwing in fermentation process and mixes thoroughly, and ferment 12- 20
My god, obtain organic fertilizer.
(5) cropland application of organic fertilizer
The organic fertilizer cropland application that step (4) is obtained；
(6) preparation of roughage
The roughage is prepared by herbage, weeds, ensilage or agricultural byproducts.Wherein, the preparation method of the roughage
For：Whole-plant corn is taken, short, thick stalk is cut up with a hay cutter and rubs silk, moisture is adjusted to 50-60% with rice bran, sprays probiotics leaven, loading of kiln pressure
It is real, kiln is sealed, microbial 30 days, obtains corn silage material；Or take the raw material of following percetage by weight：Horseshoe slag 60%, rice bran
30% and peanut shell powder 10%, after being well mixed, loading of kiln compacting, envelope kiln, microbial 30 days, obtain horseshoe slag roughage.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. method of cowboying, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) cattle farm environment sets cattle farm away from village and major trunk roads, at the lower wind direction of residential block and public building group, ox Field is flat, faces south, dries, and physical features is higher by local historical high flood line, and level of ground water is in below 2m；Cattle farm is divided into life Directorial area, culture zone and isolated area, adjacent functional section is away from no less than 30-50m, and provided with epidemic prevention isolation strip or epidemic prevention isolation Wall；Cowshed is located in culture zone, its construction style be spacious canopy formula, semi open model and it is closed in one or more；Ox bed In cowshed, its length is 1 .7-1 .8m, and the ground of ox bed is solid, anti-skidding, is easy to wash away, and tilts 2 ° to dropping pit, excrement Furrow width 25-30cm, deep 10-15cm, and tilt 2-3 ° to manure storage pond；(2) feeding managementFeed 0.3-0.4% of the amount for cow weight the days of 2.1 finishing period finishing periods；The gestational period of 2.2 gestational period cows is divided into first half period of gestation, second trimester of pregnancy and latter half of gestation, wherein, the mixing of Early placental phase Fine fodder day feed amount be 1-1 .5kg；The mixed concentrate day of second trimester of pregnancy feed amount be 1 .5-2kg；The mixed concentrate day of latter half of gestation The amount of feeding is no less than 2kg, and the day amount of feeding of mixed concentrate reduces half in last 1 week before childbirth；The childbirth same day 2.3 nursing periods gives the warm water of 36-38 DEG C of cow, and wheat bran 1-1 .5kg and salt 100- are added in warm water 150g, it is tuned into gruel shape；Feed amount 1 .5-2kg the days of the mixed concentrate terminated after childbirth to nursing period；Diestrum：Match somebody with somebody for the first time The kind time is 40-60 days postpartum；2.4 calf breeding2.4.1 colostrum is fed in 1 hour after nursing calf birth, after calf is born 7-10 days, is led daily with cow to outdoor or fortune Free movement half an hour in dynamic field, 1-2 hour is increased to after one month, gradually extends to 7-8 hours later；2.4.2 early supplement feeding carries out early supplement feeding since 2 monthly ages to calf, mends feed 1-2 time daily, start during 2 monthly age examination hello Mixed concentrate, feed 0 .2-0 .3kg 3 ox days at monthly age every, feed 0 .3-0 .8kg, 5 ox days at monthly age every 4 ox days at monthly age every 0 .8-1 .2kg are fed, fed 1 .2-1 .5kg 6 ox days at monthly age every；2.5 beef ox fattening beef ox fattening phases were divided into young ox fattening, feeder cattle fattening and fattening high-grade beef cattle, wherein, young ox Fattening time 6- 8 months, the fattening time of feeder cattle 2-3 months, the fattening time of high-grade beef cattle 8-10 months；Per 100kg Fattening period beef cattle feeds fattening period mixed concentrate 0.5-0.8kg and coarse fodder 3-5kg；(3) health and epidemic preventionSterilization pool is set up in cattle farm, and the sodium hydroxide solution that cowshed is monthly 2-3% with mass percent sprays once；Kill ox body Outer parasite and mosquito, fly, horsefly；Put out muroid；Deadly infectious disease is slaughtered, blocked, sterilized；(4) the useless dirty integrated treatment of cultivationIncluding biogas fermentation and organic fertilizer fermentation, wherein, the biogas fermentation, it is to utilize anaerobic bacteria, anaerobism hair is carried out to fecaluria Ferment obtains machine fertilizer zymotic fluid, and the condition of anaerobic fermentation is：Oxygen free condition is kept, raw material carbon-nitrogen ratio is 1:1, fermentation temperature 20-30 DEG C, pH value 7-8 .5；The organic fertilizer fermentation, it is to mix cow dung with system chaff, brown sugar water, control moisture is in 40-60%, then sprays Organic fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed fermentation is spilt, throwing is turned in fermentation process and mixes thoroughly, ferments 12-20 days, obtains organic fertilizer；(5) cropland application of organic fertilizerThe organic fertilizer cropland application that step (4) is obtained；(6) roughage prepares the roughage by herbage, weeds, ensiling Material or agricultural byproducts are prepared.
- 2. the method for a kind of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) the living management area is located at The long-term cardinal wind upwind in cattle farm and physical features higher position, including living facilities, office facility, production auxiliary equipment；It is described to support Area is grown to be located among cattle farm, including cowshed and production auxiliary equipment；The isolated area be located under plant wind direction or crosswind to and Physical features lower, including animal doctor room, isolation cowshed, manure storage field, handling ox platform and treatment tank；The cowshed is mixed using brick Structure or lightweight steel construction, using tubular steel post, adjacent cowshed spacing is no less than 15m.
- 3. the method for a kind of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first half period of gestation described in step 2 .2 mixes Fine fodder is closed to be made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：The .5% of corn flour 72, cake class 15%, wheat bran 8%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1 .5%, salt 1% and additive 2%；The mixed concentrate of the second trimester of pregnancy is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：It is beautiful The .5% of ground rice 67, cake class 18%, wheat bran 10%, the .5% of calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, salt 1% and additive 2%；The latter half of gestation Mixed concentrate be made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：Corn flour 65%, cake class 20%, wheat bran 10%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%th, salt 1% and additive 2%；Wherein, the cake class is the one or more in soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake, described to add It is cow premix or beef cattle premix to add agent.
- 4. the method for a kind of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that to lactation after childbirth described in step 2 .3 The mixed concentrate that phase terminates is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：Corn flour 55-60%, cake class 25-30%, wheat bran 5- 10%th, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, the .5% of salt 1 and additive 2%, wherein, the cake class is one in soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, cottonseed cake Kind is several, and the additive is cow premix or beef cattle premix.
- A kind of 5. method of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that early supplement feeding described in step 2 .4 .2 Mixed concentrate is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：Corn flour 47%, wheat bran 13%, dregs of beans 20%, grass meal or corn stalk Powder 15%, the .2% of calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, the .8% of salt 0 and additive 3%, wherein, the additive is cow premix or beef cattle Premix.
- A kind of 6. method of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that fattening period mixing essence described in step 2 .5 Material is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight：Corn flour 70-75%, cake class 15-20%, additive 2%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1- 2%th, the salt 1-1 .5% and .5-1% of sodium bicarbonate 0, wherein, the cake class is soya-bean cake, dregs of beans, one kind in cottonseed cake or several Kind, the additive is cow premix or beef cattle premix.
- 7. the method for a kind of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that coarse fodder described in step 2 .5 is vinasse, micro- Store the one or more in horseshoe slag, ensiling whole-plant corn, ammoniated corn fodder.
- A kind of 8. method of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) the organic fertilizer fermentation agent For EM bacterium.
- A kind of 9. method of cowboying according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation side of step (6) described roughage Method is：Whole-plant corn is taken, short, thick stalk is cut up with a hay cutter and rubs silk, moisture is adjusted to 50-60% with rice bran, sprays probiotics leaven, loading of kiln Compacting, kiln is sealed, microbial 30 days, obtains corn silage material；Or take the raw material of following percetage by weight：Horseshoe slag 60%, rice bran 30% and peanut shell powder 10%, after being well mixed, loading of kiln compacting, envelope kiln, microbial 30 days, obtain horseshoe slag roughage.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106172185A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-12-07 | 宁夏利明畜牧科技有限公司 | A kind of calf integration method for breeding |
| CN108575893A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-09-28 | 仁怀市刘祥养殖场 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of beef cattle |
-
2017
- 2017-09-23 CN CN201710870436.XA patent/CN107864920A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106172185A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-12-07 | 宁夏利明畜牧科技有限公司 | A kind of calf integration method for breeding |
| CN108575893A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-09-28 | 仁怀市刘祥养殖场 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of beef cattle |
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