CN107862962B - Kidney operation model simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions - Google Patents

Abstract

Compared with the existing kidney simulation device which is only an appearance model, the kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions is simple in structure, single in function, low in simulation degree and incapable of teaching exercise, operation and the like. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions can be used for preclinical teaching and scientific research. The model is manufactured by the parts imitating the human kidney organs and the human kidney organs according to the proportion of 1:1, has high simulation degree, and can simulate the relationship between kidney blood circulation and urine generation through the pulse pump, the pressure control part and the valve; and each part of the device is assembled and spliced, so that the device can be used for clinical operation and teaching demonstration, a medical worker can simulate related flow operation of kidney transplantation operation, and the knowledge of the medical worker on kidney organs and the success rate of operation are improved.

Description

A kidney surgery model that simulates blood circulation and urine production

technical field

The invention relates to the field of medical teaching and scientific research auxiliary tools, in particular to a kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions. The model can be used as a preclinical teaching and research platform.

Background technique

As the excretory organ of the human body, the importance of the kidney to the human body is self-evident. However, due to factors such as changes in diet structure and increased life pressure, the incidence of chronic kidney disease has been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, cultivating excellent urology-related medical personnel is an important link to solve the tension of medical personnel.

There are mainly two types of teaching models commonly used in traditional medical teaching: human specimens and current medical plastic teaching models. Although human specimens are the main carrier for students to learn anatomical structures, during the learning process, human specimens are made by soaking in chemical reagents, the shape and function of organs have been distorted, and there are many obstacles in ethics and psychology; the existing medical plastic teaching Although the model overcomes the defects of human specimens, including shape distortion and psychological and ethical obstacles, the existing medical plastic teaching models are made of opaque materials, and it is difficult to observe the morphological structure of internal organs or even internal tissues. In addition, the existing medical plastic teaching models are made of opaque materials. In order to facilitate the display of its shape and structure, plastic teaching models are usually made of hard materials, which not only cannot give students good sensory stimulation, but also cannot simulate the functions of organs and demonstrate related surgical procedures.

Contents of the invention

This application provides a kidney surgery model that simulates blood circulation and urine production functions to solve the problem that the existing medical plastic teaching model of the kidney is only an appearance model. Its structure is simple, its function is single, and its simulation degree is low, so it cannot be used for teaching drills and operations. operations etc. The invention provides the following technical solutions:

A kidney operation model simulating blood circulation and urine production functions, including a kidney model, a first pipe piece, a second pipe piece, a pulse pump, a liquid reservoir, a connecting pipe piece and a drainage tube;

The kidney model includes: main body parts, branch parts and connecting parts;

The outer wall of the main body part is provided with a transparent layer, the outer wall of the branch part is provided with a transparent layer, and the outer wall of the connecting part is provided with a transparent layer;

The main body part is connected to the branch part through the connecting part;

The main body part is provided with a medium inlet port and a medium outlet port;

The branch part is connected to the drain pipe;

The protruding end of the connection part is provided with a pressure control part, and the pressure control part includes a pressure control valve, a casing, a fixing plate, a sealing plate and a fixing column,

The shell is frustum-shaped, the top of the shell is provided with an outlet end, the bottom of the shell is provided with an inlet end, and the diameter of the inlet end of the shell is smaller than the diameter of the outlet end of the shell;

The fixing column is plugged into the pressure control valve, one end of the pressure control valve is connected to the fixing plate, and the other end of the pressure control valve (1211) is connected to the sealing plate;

The second pipe fitting includes: a second main pipe and a second branch pipe;

The inlet end of the second main pipe is connected to the outlet end of the pulse pump;

The outlet end of the second main pipe is connected to the inlet end of the second branch pipe;

The outlet port of the second branch tube is connected to the kidney model and connected to the media inlet port;

The first pipe piece includes: a first valve, a second valve, a first main pipe and a first branch pipe, the outlet end of the first main pipe is connected to the inlet end of the liquid reservoir; the inlet end of the first main pipe connected to the outlet end of the first branch pipe;

The inlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the kidney model and connected to the outlet port of the medium; the second valve is set at the front end of the outlet end of the first branch pipe, and the first valve is set at the the rear end of the inlet end of the first branch pipe;

The inlet end of the pulse pump is connected with the outlet end of the liquid reservoir through a connecting pipe.

Optionally, the first valve is a one-way valve.

Optionally, the fixed plate includes a connecting rod, a circular plate, and a circular ring;

The circular plate is connected with the pressure control valve;

The outer ring of the circular plate is connected with the circular ring through the connecting rod;

There are 3 connecting rods, and the included angle between the 3 connecting rods and the extension line of the connecting end of the circular plate is 120°, and the circular ring is arranged at the outlet end of the shell.

Optionally, the device for simulating kidney surgery further includes an adrenal model, the adrenal model is triangular, and the adrenal model is connected to the top of the kidney model.

Optionally, a transparent layer is provided on the outer wall of the second pipe.

Optionally, the outer wall of the first pipe is provided with a transparent layer.

Optionally, the second pipe includes a splicing joint and a splicing component, and the second pipe is formed by connecting the splicing joint and the splicing component.

Optionally, a pressure probe is arranged between the kidney model and the second pipe.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that this application provides a kidney surgery model that simulates blood circulation and urine production functions to solve the problem that the kidney simulation device in the prior art is only an appearance model, which has a simple structure, a single function, and a low degree of simulation. Problems such as teaching drills and surgical operations cannot be carried out. The existing kidney simulation device is only an appearance model, its structure is simple, its function is single, its degree of simulation is low, and it cannot be used for teaching drills and surgical operations. The device for simulating kidney surgery provided by the present invention is made of parts imitating human kidney organs in the same proportion as human kidney organs, and has a high degree of simulation. At the same time, through pulse pumps, pressure control components and valves, it can simulate kidney blood circulation and The relationship between urine generation has a high degree of simulation; and the parts of the device are assembled and spliced, which can be used for clinical operation and teaching demonstration. Medical workers can simulate the related process operation of kidney transplantation to improve the medical workers' understanding of kidney organs. Understanding and Surgical Success Rates.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative labor, Additional drawings can also be derived from these drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of splicing of various parts of a kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the connection component of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pressure control component of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pressure control component of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the fixing plate on the pressure control component of the present application.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the connection between the second branch tube and the kidney of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of splicing of various parts of the kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions of the present application.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of splicing the second pipe fittings of the present application.

Explanation of reference signs:

1. Kidney model; 2. The first tube; 3. The second tube; 4. Pulse pump; ;13. Main parts; 21. First main pipe; 22. First branch pipe; 23. First valve; 24. Second valve; 31. Second main pipe; 32. Second branch pipe; 33. Splicing joint; 34. Splicing Components; 121. Pressure control parts; 1211. Pressure control valve; 1212. Shell; 1213. Fixing plate; 1214. Sealing plate; 1215. Fixing column; 12131. Connecting rod; Blood inlet port; 132. Blood outlet port.

Detailed ways

A kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions, characterized in that it includes a kidney model 1, a first pipe piece 2, a second pipe piece 3, a pulse pump 4, a liquid reservoir 5, a connecting pipe piece 6 and a drain tube 7;

The kidney model 1 includes: a main body part 13, a branch part 11 and a connecting part 12;

The outer wall of the main body part 13 is provided with a transparent layer, the outer wall of the branch part 11 is provided with a transparent layer, and the outer wall of the connecting part 12 is provided with a transparent layer;

The main body part 13 is connected to the branch part 11 through the connecting part 12;

The main body part 13 is provided with a medium inlet port 131 and a medium outlet port 132;

The branch part 11 is connected to the drain pipe 7;

The protruding end of the connection part 12 is provided with a pressure control part 121, and the pressure control part 121 includes a pressure control valve 1211, a housing 1212, a fixing plate 1213, a sealing plate 1214 and a fixing column 1215,

The housing 1212 is in the shape of a truncated cone, the top of the housing 1212 is provided with an outlet port, the bottom of the housing 1212 is provided with an inlet port, and the diameter length of the inlet port of the housing 1212 is smaller than the diameter length of the outlet port of the housing 1212;

The fixing column 1215 is plugged into the pressure control valve 1211, one end of the pressure control valve 1211 is connected to the fixing plate 1213, and the other end of the pressure control valve 1211 is connected to the sealing plate 1214;

The second pipe 3 includes: a second main pipe 31 and a second branch pipe 32;

The inlet end of the second main pipe 31 is connected with the outlet end of the pulse pump 4;

The outlet end of the second main pipe 31 is connected to the inlet end of the second branch pipe 32;

The outlet end of the second branch pipe 32 is connected to the kidney model 1 and connected to the medium inlet port 131;

The first pipe piece 2 includes: a first valve 23, a second valve 24, a first main pipe 21 and a first branch pipe 22, the outlet end of the first main pipe 21 is connected to the inlet end of the liquid reservoir 5; The inlet end of the first main pipe 21 is connected with the outlet end of the first branch pipe 22;

The inlet end of the first branch pipe 22 is connected to the kidney model 1 and connected to the medium outlet port 132; the second valve 24 is arranged at the front end of the outlet end of the first branch pipe 22, and the first The valve 23 is arranged at the rear end of the inlet end of the first branch pipe 22;

The inlet end of the pulse pump 4 is connected to the outlet end of the liquid reservoir 5 through a connecting pipe 6 .

The kidney is an important organ of the human body. The human body has two kidneys, which are located on the left and right sides of the waist and spine respectively. The shape, size and weight of the two kidneys are roughly the same. The length is 10-12cm, the width is 5-6cm, and the thickness is 2.5-4cm. , with a weight of 100-150g. The basic function of the kidney is to produce urine, remove excess water and salt in the body, so as to remove metabolites and certain wastes and poisons in the body, and at the same time retain water and other useful substances through the reabsorption function, such as glucose, protein, amino acids, sodium ions , potassium ions, sodium bicarbonate, etc., to regulate water and electrolyte balance and maintain acid-base balance. The kidney also has the functions of regulating endocrine, regulating and controlling blood pressure, filtering waste in the body, producing hormones that are conducive to hematopoiesis, and promoting red blood cell production. , Stimulate the production of vitamin D, balance calcium in the body, enhance bone and other functions.

The kidneys can be divided into internal structures, capsule, and adrenal glands. The internal structure of the kidney can be divided into two parts: the renal parenchyma and the renal pelvis. In the longitudinal section of the kidney, it can be seen that the renal parenchyma is divided into two layers: the outer layer is the cortex, and the inner layer is the medulla. The kidney cortex is reddish brown when fresh. Composed of glomeruli and tubules, part of the cortex extends to the medulla between the pyramids and becomes the renal column. When the renal medulla is fresh, it is light red and consists of 10-20 cones. The renal pyramids are triangular in section. The bottom of the cone is convex towards the kidney, and the tip is towards the hilum of the kidney. The main tissue of the cone is the collecting duct, and the tip of the cone is called the renal papilla. Within the renal sinus are the renal calyces, which are funnel-shaped membranous tubules surrounding the renal papilla. The renal vertebral body connects with the renal calyces. Each kidney has 7 to 8 small calyces, and 2 to 3 adjacent small calyces form a major calyx. Each kidney has 2 to 3 major calyces, which merge into a flat funnel-shaped renal pelvis. The back end of the kidney is the ureter. The function of the kidney is mainly realized by the internal structure. The kidney is divided into three layers: fibrous membrane, renal fat capsule and renal fascia. The main function is to fix and protect the kidney. The adrenal gland is a very important endocrine organ in the human body. Since it is located above the kidneys on both sides, the left adrenal gland is half-moon-shaped and the right adrenal gland is triangular-shaped.

It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 1, the main body part 13 is mainly used to correspond to the human kidney parenchyma; the branch part 11 corresponds to the human renal pelvis; the connecting part 12 corresponds to the human renal papilla; Human artery; the second main pipe 31 corresponds to the human aorta; the second branch corresponds to the human renal artery; the first pipe part 2 corresponds to the human vein; the second main pipe 21 corresponds to the main vein of the human body; 22 corresponds to the renal vein of the human body; the drain pipe 7 corresponds to the urination tube of the human body. The kidney model 1 is a double-layer sealed structure model made of transparent material, and its material is transparent silica gel or rubber material; the kidney model 1 is shaped like a broad bean, and its size is 10-12 cm in length and 5-5 cm in width. 6cm, 2.5-4cm in thickness, and 100-150g in weight, the kidney simulation 1 is consistent with the size and weight of the human organ kidney, so the kidney model 1 has high simulation.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 , the device for simulating kidney surgery can be formed by manually assembling various components. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , it can be seen that the second branch pipe 32 , that is, the renal artery, is connected to the kidney by plugging.

The embodiment of the present application simulates the relationship between kidney pressure and urine volume. The working principle is: the pulse pump 4 is connected to the kidney model 1 through the second pipe 3, and the liquid reservoir 5 is connected to the kidney model 1 through the connecting pipe 6. The pulse pump 4 is connected; the reservoir 5 is connected to the kidney 1 through the first pipe 2, and the first connecting pipe is provided with the first valve 23 and the second valve 24 ; The kidney model 1 is connected to the drain tube 7, and the medium simulating blood is injected into the reservoir 5 first, and the reservoir 5 is a container, preferably, the reservoir 5 A container made of transparent material. When the medium reaches the minimum starting volume of the pulse pump 4, the pulse pump 4 can be started. Preferably, the pulse pump 4 adopts a pulse pump with a pressure range of 0-300 mmHg, and the normal human body systolic pressure is 90 mmHg. -140mmHg, the diastolic pressure is 60-90mmHg, and the pulse pump with a pressure range of 0-300mmHg can simulate the relationship between blood pressure and urine in the human body under normal conditions, and can also simulate the relationship between blood pressure and urine when the human body is high or low. It should be noted that the first valve 23 is in a normally open state, and the second valve 24 is used to control the flow of the medium; the medium is delivered from the second pipe 3 to the kidney through the pulse pump 4 In the main component 13 in the model 1, at this time, the opening degree of the second valve 24 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the flow of the medium in the device, the frequency of the pulse pump 4 remains unchanged, and the second valve 24 is reduced The opening degree will increase the pressure in the device. The main part 13 is connected to the branch part 11 through the connecting part 12; one end of the connecting part 12 is provided with a pressure control part 121, and the pressure control part 121 includes a pressure control valve 1211, a casing 1212, a fixed Plate 1213, sealing plate 1214 and fixed column 1215, one end of the housing 1212 is in the shape of a truncated cone, the diameter of the urine inlet end of the housing is smaller than the diameter of the urine outlet end of the housing; the fixed column 1215 is inserted into the pressure control In the valve 1211 ; one end of the pressure control valve 1211 is connected to the fixing plate 1213 , and the other end of the pressure control valve 1211 is connected to the sealing plate 1214 ; the branch part 11 is connected to the drain pipe 7 . When the pressure inside the device is greater than the elastic force of the pressure control valve 1211, the medium pushes the sealing plate 1214 to move to generate urine. At this time, a part of the medium flows from the connecting part 12 into the branch part 11, namely into the The medium of the branch part 11 is urine, and the urine enters the drain pipe 7 from the branch part 11, and finally the urine is discharged through the drain pipe 7; another part of the medium will be discharged from the main body The component 13 flows back into the reservoir 5 through the first pipe 2 . When the pressure in the device rises to a certain value, adjust the opening of the second valve 24 to the original opening, maintain the stable pressure of the kidney model 1, and complete the entire kidney urination process. This process simulates the relationship between kidney pressure and urine output. It should be noted that because the outer wall of the main body part 13 is provided with a transparent layer, the outer wall of the branch part 11 is provided with a transparent layer, and the outer wall of the connecting part 12 is provided with a transparent layer, medical work Readers and students can watch the simulation process more intuitively and clearly. It should also be noted that the pressure control valve 1211 may be a spring valve, an electromagnetic control valve, a semi-permeable membrane or other components or devices with the same function.

The working principle of the simulated kidney transplant operation in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: after the pressure in the kidney model 1 is stabilized, the flow of the medium in the second branch pipe 32 is blocked by a hemostat, and then the pulse pump 4 is turned off, and the second branch pipe 32 is shut off. Pull out the two branch pipes 32, the first branch pipe 22 and the drain pipe 7, remove the kidney model 1, put the other kidney model in place and connect the first branch pipe 22 and the second branch pipe 23 and the drain tube 7, then open the hemostat, start the pulse pump 4, and this process completes the simulated kidney transplantation operation. In kidney transplantation, there are two ways to connect blood vessels, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 8, which are the schematic diagrams of the two embodiments of the splicing of the parts of the device used to simulate kidney surgery in this application, medical workers can splice according to the way shown in Figure 2 , can also be spliced according to the way shown in Figure 8.

The above-mentioned embodiment solves the problems that the existing kidney simulation device is only an appearance model, has a simple structure, single function, low degree of simulation, and cannot be used for teaching drills and surgical operations.

Further, the first valve 23 is a one-way valve through which the medium can only flow from the valve inlet to the valve outlet. The main purpose of using the one-way valve is to prevent the phenomenon of medium backflow and ensure the authenticity of the simulated blood flow. .

Further, the fixed plate 1213 includes a connecting rod 12131, a circular plate 12132, and a circular ring 12133; the circular plate 12132 is connected to the pressure control valve 1211; the outer ring of the circular plate 12132 is connected to the connecting rod 12131 The circular ring 12133 is connected; there are 3 connecting rods 12131, and the included angle between the three connecting rods 12131 and the extension line of the connecting end of the circular plate 12132 is 120°, and the circular ring 12133 is arranged on the Outlet end of housing 1212. The three connecting rods 12131 are connected to the circular plate 12132, and the angles between the three connecting rods 12131 and the extension lines of the connecting ends of the circular plate 12132 are 120°, which not only ensures that the connecting rods 12131 and The fixing plate 12132 and the ring 12133 are firmly connected, and the force is uniform, and at the same time, materials can be saved, which is economical.

Further, the kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production function also includes an adrenal gland model 8 , the adrenal gland model 8 is triangular, and the adrenal gland model 8 is connected to the top of the kidney model 1 . Setting the adrenal gland model 8 on top of the kidney model 1 can better demonstrate the relative positions of the human kidney organs, enabling students to clearly and accurately grasp the structure of the kidney organs, which is convenient for teaching and demonstration. The human body has two kidneys, the left adrenal gland is in the shape of a half-moon, and the right adrenal gland is in the shape of a triangle. Therefore, if the part of the right adrenal gland is imitated, the adrenal gland model 8 can also be in the shape of a half-moon.

Further, the outer wall of the second pipe member 3 is provided with a transparent layer. Adopting a transparent layer, the light transmittance is good, and it is convenient for operators or students to observe the flow of the medium. Preferably, the second pipe member 3 is wrapped with a layer of transparent red material. Since human arteries are generally represented by red tubes, transparent red material is used. The high degree of recognition is in line with people's inertial thinking, and it is more convenient for operators or students to clearly grasp the positional relationship of components and the state of arterial blood flow.

Further, the outer wall of the first pipe member 2 is provided with a transparent layer. Adopting a transparent layer, the light transmittance is good, and it is convenient for operators or students to observe the flow of the medium. Preferably, the first tube 2 is wrapped with a layer of transparent blue material. Since human veins are generally represented by blue tubes, transparent blue is used. Color materials, high recognition, in line with people's inertial thinking, more convenient for operators or students to clearly grasp the positional relationship of components and the state of venous blood flow.

Further, the second pipe 3 includes a splicing joint 33 and a splicing part 34 , and the second pipe 3 is formed by connecting the splicing joint 34 and the splicing part 34 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9 , it is a schematic diagram of the splicing of the second pipe fitting of the present application. The splicing joint 33 and the splicing part 34 are used to assemble the second pipe fitting, which is convenient for the staff to use, disassemble, and replace parts. Preferably, the first pipe member 2 can also be composed of the same structural connections.

Further, a pressure probe is arranged between the kidney model 1 and the second tube 3 . The purpose of setting the pressure probe is to monitor the pressure changes in the kidney surgery model simulating blood circulation and urine production functions at any time during preclinical teaching and scientific research.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention provides a kidney surgery model that simulates blood circulation and urine production functions, including a pulse pump, a liquid reservoir, a second pipe, a first pipe, a kidney model, a drainage tube, and a connecting pipe , wherein the kidney model includes: a main body part, a branch part and a connecting part, and one end of the connecting part is provided with a pressure control part, and the pressure control part includes a pressure control valve, a shell, a fixing plate, a sealing plate and a fixing column. Compared with the existing kidney simulation The device is only an appearance model, and its structure is simple, its function is single, and the degree of simulation is low, so it cannot be used for teaching drills and surgical operations. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions provided by the present invention can be used for pre-clinical teaching and scientific research. The components imitating human kidney organs are made in a ratio of 1:1 with human kidney organs, and the simulation degree is high. At the same time, through the pulse pump, pressure control components and valves, the relationship between kidney blood circulation and urine production can be simulated, with a high degree of simulation; and all parts of the device are assembled and spliced, which can be used for clinical operation and teaching demonstration. Simulate the related process operation of kidney transplantation to improve medical workers' understanding of kidney organs and the success rate of surgery.

It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise constructions which have been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A kidney operation model simulating blood circulation and urine generation function, characterized in that: it includes a kidney model (1), a first tube (2), a second tube (3), a pulse pump (4), a liquid storage Device (5), connecting pipe fitting (6) and drain pipe (7); The kidney model (1) comprises: a main body part (13), a branch part (11) and a connecting part (12); The outer wall of the main body part (13) is provided with a transparent layer, the outer wall of the branch part (11) is provided with a transparent layer, and the outer wall of the connecting part (12) is provided with a transparent layer; The main body part (13) is connected to the branch part (11) through the connecting part (12); The main body part (13) is provided with a medium inlet port (131) and a medium outlet port (132); The branch part (11) is connected to the drain pipe (7); The protruding end of the connection part (12) is provided with a pressure control part (121), and the pressure control part (121) includes a pressure control valve (1211), a casing (1212), a fixed plate (1213), a sealing plate ( 1214) and fixed post (1215), Described casing (1212) is conical shape, and described casing (1212) top is provided with outlet port, and the bottom of described casing (1212) is provided with inlet port, and the diameter length of described casing (1212) inlet port is less than described casing ( 1212) the diameter length of the outlet port; The fixing post (1215) is plugged into the pressure control valve (1211), one end of the pressure control valve (1211) is connected to the fixing plate (1213), and the other end of the pressure control valve (1211) connected with the sealing plate (1214); The second pipe (3) includes: a second main pipe (31) and a second branch pipe (32); The inlet end of the second main pipe (31) is connected with the outlet end of the pulse pump (4); The outlet end of the second main pipe (31) is connected to the inlet end of the second branch pipe (32); The outlet port of the second branch pipe (32) is connected to the kidney model (1) and connected to the medium inlet port (131); The first pipe (2) includes: a first valve (23), a second valve (24), a first main pipe (21) and a first branch pipe (22), and the outlet end of the first main pipe (21) is connected to The inlet end of the liquid reservoir (5) is connected; the inlet end of the first main pipe (21) is connected with the outlet end of the first branch pipe (22); The inlet end of the first branch pipe (22) is connected to the kidney model (1) and connected to the medium outlet port (132); the second valve (24) is set at the first branch pipe ( 22) the front end of the outlet end, the first valve (23) is arranged at the rear end of the inlet end of the first branch pipe (22); The inlet end of the pulse pump (4) is connected with the outlet end of the liquid reservoir (5) through a connecting pipe (6). 2. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first valve (23) is a one-way valve. 3. The kidney operation model of simulating blood circulation and urine generation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed plate (1213) comprises a connecting rod (12131), a circular plate (12132), a ring (12133 ); The disc (12132) is connected to the pressure control valve (1211); The outer ring of the circular plate (12132) is connected to the circular ring (12133) through the connecting rod (12131); There are 3 connecting rods (12131), and the included angles between the extension lines of the 3 connecting rods (12131) and the connecting ends of the circular plate (12132) are 120°, and the circular ring (12133) is arranged on the Outlet end of the housing (1212). 4. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation function also includes an adrenal gland model (8), the The adrenal gland model (8) is a triangle, and the adrenal gland model (8) is connected to the top of the kidney model (1). 5. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer wall of the second pipe (3) is provided with a transparent layer. 6. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer wall of the first pipe member (2) is provided with a transparent layer. 7. The kidney operation model simulating blood circulation and urine generation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second pipe (3) comprises a splicing joint (33) and a splicing part (34), the first The two pipe pieces (3) are formed by connecting the splicing joint (33) and the splicing part (34). 8. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: a pressure probe is arranged between the kidney model (1) and the second pipe (3).

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