CN107862962B - Kidney operation model simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及医学教学及科研辅助工具领域,尤其涉及一种模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型。该模型可作为临床前教学及科研平台。The invention relates to the field of medical teaching and scientific research auxiliary tools, in particular to a kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions. The model can be used as a preclinical teaching and research platform.
背景技术Background technique
肾脏作为人体的排泄器官,对于人体的重要性不言而喻,但受饮食结构的改变以及生活压力增大等因素的影响,近年来慢性肾脏疾病的发病率具有上升趋势。因此,培养优秀泌尿专业相关医务人员是解决医务人员紧张的重要环节。As the excretory organ of the human body, the importance of the kidney to the human body is self-evident. However, due to factors such as changes in diet structure and increased life pressure, the incidence of chronic kidney disease has been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, cultivating excellent urology-related medical personnel is an important link to solve the tension of medical personnel.
在传统医学教学中常用的教学模型主要由两种:分别为人体标本和现用医用塑料教学模型。人体标本虽然作为学生学习解剖结构的主要载体,但是在学习过程中,人体标本为采用化学试剂浸泡制成,器官形状及功能已经失真,而且在伦理以及心理方面存在诸多阻碍;现有医用塑料教学模型虽然克服了人体标本的缺陷,包括形状失真以及心理伦理的阻碍,但是现有的医用塑料教学模型采用不透明材料制成,难以观察到器官内部甚至内部组织的形态结构,此外,现有的医用塑料教学模型为了便于显示其形状结构,其材质通常为硬质材质,不仅不能给学生很好的感官刺激而且不能模拟器官的功能以及演示相关的手术的流程。There are mainly two types of teaching models commonly used in traditional medical teaching: human specimens and current medical plastic teaching models. Although human specimens are the main carrier for students to learn anatomical structures, during the learning process, human specimens are made by soaking in chemical reagents, the shape and function of organs have been distorted, and there are many obstacles in ethics and psychology; the existing medical plastic teaching Although the model overcomes the defects of human specimens, including shape distortion and psychological and ethical obstacles, the existing medical plastic teaching models are made of opaque materials, and it is difficult to observe the morphological structure of internal organs or even internal tissues. In addition, the existing medical plastic teaching models are made of opaque materials. In order to facilitate the display of its shape and structure, plastic teaching models are usually made of hard materials, which not only cannot give students good sensory stimulation, but also cannot simulate the functions of organs and demonstrate related surgical procedures.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请提供了一种模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型,以解决现有肾脏医用塑料教学模型仅为外观模型,其结构简单,功能单一,仿真度低,不能进行教学演练和手术操作等问题。本发明提供了如下技术方案:This application provides a kidney surgery model that simulates blood circulation and urine production functions to solve the problem that the existing medical plastic teaching model of the kidney is only an appearance model. Its structure is simple, its function is single, and its simulation degree is low, so it cannot be used for teaching drills and operations. operations etc. The invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型,包括肾脏模型、第一管件、第二管件、脉冲泵、储液器、连接管件和排液管;A kidney operation model simulating blood circulation and urine production functions, including a kidney model, a first pipe piece, a second pipe piece, a pulse pump, a liquid reservoir, a connecting pipe piece and a drainage tube;
所述肾脏模型包括:主体部件、支部件和连接部件;The kidney model includes: main body parts, branch parts and connecting parts;
所述主体部件外壁设置透明层,所述支部件外壁设置透明层,所述连接部件外壁设置透明层;The outer wall of the main body part is provided with a transparent layer, the outer wall of the branch part is provided with a transparent layer, and the outer wall of the connecting part is provided with a transparent layer;
所述主体部件通过所述连接部件与所述支部件连接;The main body part is connected to the branch part through the connecting part;
所述主体部件设有介质入口端和介质出口端;The main body part is provided with a medium inlet port and a medium outlet port;
所述支部件和所述排液管连接;The branch part is connected to the drain pipe;
所述连接部件的隆起端设有压力控制部件,所述压力控制部件,包括压力控制阀、外壳、固定板、密封板和固定柱,The protruding end of the connection part is provided with a pressure control part, and the pressure control part includes a pressure control valve, a casing, a fixing plate, a sealing plate and a fixing column,
所述外壳为圆台形,所述外壳顶部设有出口端,所述外壳的底部设有入口端,所述外壳入口端的直径长度小于所述外壳出口端的直径长度;The shell is frustum-shaped, the top of the shell is provided with an outlet end, the bottom of the shell is provided with an inlet end, and the diameter of the inlet end of the shell is smaller than the diameter of the outlet end of the shell;
所述固定柱插接所述压力控制阀中,所述压力控制阀的一端与所述固定板连接,所述压力控制阀(1211)的另一端与所述密封板连接;The fixing column is plugged into the pressure control valve, one end of the pressure control valve is connected to the fixing plate, and the other end of the pressure control valve (1211) is connected to the sealing plate;
所述第二管件包括:第二主管和第二支管;The second pipe fitting includes: a second main pipe and a second branch pipe;
所述第二主管的入口端与所述脉冲泵的出口端连接;The inlet end of the second main pipe is connected to the outlet end of the pulse pump;
所述第二主管的出口端与所述第二支管的入口端连接;The outlet end of the second main pipe is connected to the inlet end of the second branch pipe;
所述第二支管出口端接入所述肾脏模型内,且与所述介质入口端连接;The outlet port of the second branch tube is connected to the kidney model and connected to the media inlet port;
所述第一管件包括:第一阀门、第二阀门、第一主管和第一支管,所述第一主管的出口端与所述储液器的入口端连接;所述第一主管的入口端与所述第一支管的出口端连接;The first pipe piece includes: a first valve, a second valve, a first main pipe and a first branch pipe, the outlet end of the first main pipe is connected to the inlet end of the liquid reservoir; the inlet end of the first main pipe connected to the outlet end of the first branch pipe;
所述第一支管的入口端接入所述肾脏模型内,且与所述介质出口端连接;所述第二阀门设置在所述第一支管出口端的前端,所述第一阀门设置在所述第一支管入口端的后端;The inlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the kidney model and connected to the outlet port of the medium; the second valve is set at the front end of the outlet end of the first branch pipe, and the first valve is set at the the rear end of the inlet end of the first branch pipe;
所述脉冲泵的入口端通过连接管件与所述储液器的出口端连接。The inlet end of the pulse pump is connected with the outlet end of the liquid reservoir through a connecting pipe.
可选地,所述第一阀门为单向阀。Optionally, the first valve is a one-way valve.
可选地,所述固定板包括连接杆、圆板,圆环;Optionally, the fixed plate includes a connecting rod, a circular plate, and a circular ring;
所述圆板与所述压力控制阀连接;The circular plate is connected with the pressure control valve;
所述圆板的外环通过所述连接杆与所述圆环连接;The outer ring of the circular plate is connected with the circular ring through the connecting rod;
所述连接杆有3个,且所述3个连接杆与所述圆板连接端的延长线夹角互为120°,所述圆环设置在所述外壳的出口端。There are 3 connecting rods, and the included angle between the 3 connecting rods and the extension line of the connecting end of the circular plate is 120°, and the circular ring is arranged at the outlet end of the shell.
可选地,所述用于模拟肾脏手术的装置还包括肾上腺模型,所述肾上腺模型为三角形,所述肾上腺模型与所述肾脏模型的顶部连接。Optionally, the device for simulating kidney surgery further includes an adrenal model, the adrenal model is triangular, and the adrenal model is connected to the top of the kidney model.
可选地,所述第二管件外壁设有透明层。Optionally, a transparent layer is provided on the outer wall of the second pipe.
可选地,所述第一管件外壁设有透明层。Optionally, the outer wall of the first pipe is provided with a transparent layer.
可选地,所述第二管件包括拼接接头和拼接部件,所述第二管件通过所述拼接接头和所述拼接部件连接组成。Optionally, the second pipe includes a splicing joint and a splicing component, and the second pipe is formed by connecting the splicing joint and the splicing component.
可选地,所述肾脏模型和所述第二管件之间设置有压力探头。Optionally, a pressure probe is arranged between the kidney model and the second pipe.
由以上技术方案可知,本申请提供了一种模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型,以解决现有技术中肾脏模拟装置仅为外观模型,其结构简单,功能单一,仿真度低,不能进行教学演练和手术操作等问题。现有肾脏模拟装置仅为外观模型,其结构简单,功能单一,仿真度低,不能进行教学演练和手术操作等问题。本发明提供的用于模拟肾脏手术的装置,仿人体肾脏器官的部件与人体肾脏器官按照相同比例制作而成,仿真度高,同时通过脉冲泵、压力控制部件和阀门,可模拟肾脏血液循环与尿液生成的关系,模拟度高;并且装置各部件采用组装拼接而成,可用于临床手术操作和教学示范,医疗工作者可模拟肾脏移植手术的相关流程操作,提高医疗工作者对肾脏器官的了解和手术成功率。It can be seen from the above technical solutions that this application provides a kidney surgery model that simulates blood circulation and urine production functions to solve the problem that the kidney simulation device in the prior art is only an appearance model, which has a simple structure, a single function, and a low degree of simulation. Problems such as teaching drills and surgical operations cannot be carried out. The existing kidney simulation device is only an appearance model, its structure is simple, its function is single, its degree of simulation is low, and it cannot be used for teaching drills and surgical operations. The device for simulating kidney surgery provided by the present invention is made of parts imitating human kidney organs in the same proportion as human kidney organs, and has a high degree of simulation. At the same time, through pulse pumps, pressure control components and valves, it can simulate kidney blood circulation and The relationship between urine generation has a high degree of simulation; and the parts of the device are assembled and spliced, which can be used for clinical operation and teaching demonstration. Medical workers can simulate the related process operation of kidney transplantation to improve the medical workers' understanding of kidney organs. Understanding and Surgical Success Rates.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative labor, Additional drawings can also be derived from these drawings.
图1为本申请模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型各部件拼接的一种实施例结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of splicing of various parts of a kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions of the present application.
图2为本申请模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型的一种实施例结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions of the present application.
图3为本申请连接部件的一种实施例结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the connection component of the present application.
图4为本申请压力控制部件的一种实施例示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pressure control component of the present application.
图5为本申请压力控制部件的一种实施例结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pressure control component of the present application.
图6为本申请压力控制部件上固定板的实施例结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the fixing plate on the pressure control component of the present application.
图7为本申请第二支管与肾脏的一种实施例连接示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the connection between the second branch tube and the kidney of the present application.
图8为本申请用于模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型各部件拼接的另一种实施例结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of splicing of various parts of the kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production functions of the present application.
图9为本申请第二管件拼接示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of splicing the second pipe fittings of the present application.
附图标记说明:Explanation of reference signs:
1.肾脏模型;2.第一管件;3.第二管件;4.脉冲泵;5储液器;6连接管件;7.排液管;8.肾上腺;11.支部件;12.连接部件;13.主体部件;21.第一主管;22.第一支管;23.第一阀门;24.第二阀门;31.第二主管;32.第二支管;33.拼接接头;34.拼接部件;121.压力控制部件;1211.压力控制阀;1212.外壳;1213.固定板;1214.密封板;1215.固定柱;12131.连接杆;12132.圆板;12133.圆环;131.血液入口端;132.血液出口端。1. Kidney model; 2. The first tube; 3. The second tube; 4. Pulse pump; ;13. Main parts; 21. First main pipe; 22. First branch pipe; 23. First valve; 24. Second valve; 31. Second main pipe; 32. Second branch pipe; 33. Splicing joint; 34. Splicing Components; 121. Pressure control parts; 1211. Pressure control valve; 1212. Shell; 1213. Fixing plate; 1214. Sealing plate; 1215. Fixing column; 12131. Connecting rod; Blood inlet port; 132. Blood outlet port.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型,其特征在于:包括肾脏模型1、第一管件2、第二管件3、脉冲泵4、储液器5、连接管件6和排液管7;A kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions, characterized in that it includes a
所述肾脏模型1包括:主体部件13、支部件11和连接部件12;The
所述主体部件13外壁设置透明层,所述支部件11外壁设置透明层,所述连接部件12外壁设置透明层;The outer wall of the
所述主体部件13通过所述连接部件12与所述支部件11连接;The
所述主体部件13设有介质入口端131和介质出口端132;The
所述支部件11和所述排液管7连接;The
所述连接部件12的隆起端设有压力控制部件121,所述压力控制部件121,包括压力控制阀1211、外壳1212、固定板1213、密封板1214和固定柱1215,The protruding end of the
所述外壳1212为圆台形,所述外壳1212顶部设有出口端,所述外壳1212的底部设有入口端,所述外壳1212入口端的直径长度小于所述外壳1212出口端的直径长度;The
所述固定柱1215插接所述压力控制阀1211中,所述压力控制阀1211的一端与所述固定板1213连接,所述压力控制阀1211的另一端与所述密封板1214连接;The
所述第二管件3包括:第二主管31和第二支管32;The
所述第二主管31的入口端与所述脉冲泵4的出口端连接;The inlet end of the second
所述第二主管31的出口端与所述第二支管32的入口端连接;The outlet end of the second
所述第二支管32出口端接入所述肾脏模型1内,且与所述介质入口端131连接;The outlet end of the
所述第一管件2包括:第一阀门23、第二阀门24、第一主管21和第一支管22,所述第一主管21的出口端与所述储液器5的入口端连接;所述第一主管21的入口端与所述第一支管22的出口端连接;The
所述第一支管22的入口端接入所述肾脏模型1内,且与所述介质出口端132连接;所述第二阀门24设置在所述第一支管22出口端的前端,所述第一阀门23设置在所述第一支管22入口端的后端;The inlet end of the
所述脉冲泵4的入口端通过连接管件6与所述储液器5的出口端连接。The inlet end of the pulse pump 4 is connected to the outlet end of the
肾脏是人体重要的器官,人体有两个肾脏,分别位于腰部脊椎左右两侧,两个肾脏形态、大小、重量大致相同,其长度为10-12cm,宽为5-6cm,厚度为2.5-4cm,重量为100-150g。肾脏的基本功能是生成尿液,去除体内多余的水分和盐分,借以清除体内代谢产物及某些废物、毒物,同时经重吸收功能保留水分及其他有用物质,如葡萄糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、钠离子、钾离子、碳酸氢钠等,以调节水、电解质平衡及维护酸碱平衡,肾脏同时还有具有调节内分泌功能,调节控制血压功能,过滤体内废物,产生有助于造血的荷尔蒙,促进红细胞生成,刺激维他命D的产生,平衡体内钙质,增强骨质等功能。The kidney is an important organ of the human body. The human body has two kidneys, which are located on the left and right sides of the waist and spine respectively. The shape, size and weight of the two kidneys are roughly the same. The length is 10-12cm, the width is 5-6cm, and the thickness is 2.5-4cm. , with a weight of 100-150g. The basic function of the kidney is to produce urine, remove excess water and salt in the body, so as to remove metabolites and certain wastes and poisons in the body, and at the same time retain water and other useful substances through the reabsorption function, such as glucose, protein, amino acids, sodium ions , potassium ions, sodium bicarbonate, etc., to regulate water and electrolyte balance and maintain acid-base balance. The kidney also has the functions of regulating endocrine, regulating and controlling blood pressure, filtering waste in the body, producing hormones that are conducive to hematopoiesis, and promoting red blood cell production. , Stimulate the production of vitamin D, balance calcium in the body, enhance bone and other functions.
肾脏可分为内部结构、被膜和肾上腺。肾脏的内部结构,可分为肾实质和肾盂两部分。在肾纵切面可以看到,肾实质分内外两层:外层为皮质,内层为髓质。肾皮质新鲜时呈红褐色。由肾小球和肾小管所构成,部分皮质伸展至髓质锥体间,成为肾柱。肾髓质新鲜时呈淡红色,为10-20个锥体随构成。肾锥体在切面上呈三角形。锥体底部向肾凸面,尖端向肾门,锥体主要组织为集合管,锥体尖端称肾乳头,每一个乳头有10-20个乳头管,向肾小盏漏斗部开口。在肾窦内有肾小盏,为漏斗形的膜状小管,围绕肾乳头。肾椎体与肾小盏相连接。每个肾有7~8个肾小盏,相邻2~3个肾小盏合成一个肾大盏。每个肾有2~3个肾大盏,肾大盏汇合成扁漏斗状的肾盂。肾孟后端为输尿管。肾脏的功能主要由内部结构来实现的。肾脏的被摸分为纤维膜、肾脂肪囊和肾筋膜三层结构,主要功能是固定、保护肾脏。肾上腺是人体相当重要的内分泌器官,由于位于两侧肾脏的上方,左肾上腺呈半月形,右肾上腺为三角形。The kidneys can be divided into internal structures, capsule, and adrenal glands. The internal structure of the kidney can be divided into two parts: the renal parenchyma and the renal pelvis. In the longitudinal section of the kidney, it can be seen that the renal parenchyma is divided into two layers: the outer layer is the cortex, and the inner layer is the medulla. The kidney cortex is reddish brown when fresh. Composed of glomeruli and tubules, part of the cortex extends to the medulla between the pyramids and becomes the renal column. When the renal medulla is fresh, it is light red and consists of 10-20 cones. The renal pyramids are triangular in section. The bottom of the cone is convex towards the kidney, and the tip is towards the hilum of the kidney. The main tissue of the cone is the collecting duct, and the tip of the cone is called the renal papilla. Within the renal sinus are the renal calyces, which are funnel-shaped membranous tubules surrounding the renal papilla. The renal vertebral body connects with the renal calyces. Each kidney has 7 to 8 small calyces, and 2 to 3 adjacent small calyces form a major calyx. Each kidney has 2 to 3 major calyces, which merge into a flat funnel-shaped renal pelvis. The back end of the kidney is the ureter. The function of the kidney is mainly realized by the internal structure. The kidney is divided into three layers: fibrous membrane, renal fat capsule and renal fascia. The main function is to fix and protect the kidney. The adrenal gland is a very important endocrine organ in the human body. Since it is located above the kidneys on both sides, the left adrenal gland is half-moon-shaped and the right adrenal gland is triangular-shaped.
需要说明的是,如图1所示,所述主体部件13主要用于对应人体肾实质;所述支部件11对应人体肾盂;所述连接部件12对应人体肾乳头;所述第二管件3对应人体动脉;所述第二主管31对应人体主动脉;所述第二支管对应人体肾动脉;所述第一管件2对应人体静脉;所述第二主管21对应人体主静脉;所述第二支管22对应人体肾静脉;所述排液管7对应人体排尿管。所述肾脏模型1是由透明材质制成的双层密封结构模型,其材质采用透明硅胶或者橡胶材料;所述肾脏模型1其形状为蚕豆状,其大小为长度10-12cm,宽为5-6cm,厚度为2.5-4cm,重量为100-150g,所述肾脏模拟1与人体器官肾脏大小和重量一致,因此肾脏模型1具有高仿真性。It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 1, the
另外,如图1所示,可以通过人工组装各个部件,形成所述用于模拟肾脏手术的装置。具体地,如图7所示,可以看出所示第二支管32,即肾动脉,通过插接的方式与肾脏连接。In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 , the device for simulating kidney surgery can be formed by manually assembling various components. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , it can be seen that the
本申请实施例模拟了肾脏压力和尿量的关系工作原理为:所述脉冲泵4通过所述第二管件3与所述肾脏模型1连接,所述储液器5通过所述连接管件6与所述脉冲泵4连接;所述储液器5通过所述第一管件2与所述肾脏1连接,并且所述第一连接管上设有所述第一阀门23和所述第二阀门24;所述肾脏模型1与所述排液管7连接,模拟血液的介质先注入到所述储液器5中,所述储液器5是一种容器,优选地,所述储液器5采用透明材质制成的容器。当所述介质达到所述脉冲泵4的最小启输量时,可启动所述脉冲泵4,优选地,所述脉冲泵4采用压力范围为0-300mmHg的脉冲泵,正常人体收缩压力为90-140mmHg,舒张压为60-90mmHg,采用压力范围为0-300mmHg的脉冲泵可模拟正常情况下人体内血压和尿液的关系,同时也可以人体高压或低压时,血压和尿液的关系。需要说明的是,所述第一阀门23是为常开状态,所述第二阀门24用于控制介质的流量;通过所述脉冲泵4将介质由所述第二管件3输送至所述肾脏模型1内的所述主要部件13中,此时,可调节所述第二阀门24开度,进而控制装置内介质的流量,所述脉冲泵4频率不变,减小所述第二阀门24的开度,装置内压力将升高。所述主体部件13通过所述连接部件12与所述支部件11连接;所述连接部件12的一端设有压力控制部件121,所述压力控制部件121,包括压力控制阀1211、外壳1212、固定板1213、密封板1214和固定柱1215,所述外壳1212一端为圆台形,所述外壳的尿液入口端的直径小于所述外壳的尿液出口端的直径;所述固定柱1215插入所述压力控制阀1211中;所述压力控制阀1211的一端连接所述固定板1213,所述压力控制阀1211的另一端连接密封板1214;所述支部件11与所述排液管7连接。当所述装置内压力大于所述压力控制阀1211的弹力时,介质推动所述密封板1214运动,产生尿液,此时,一部分介质从所述连接部件12流入所述支部件11,即进入所述支部件11的介质为尿液,所述尿液由所述支部件11进入所述排液管7中,最终通过所述排液管7排除尿液;另一部分介质将从所述主体部件13通过所述第一管件2回流到所述储液器5中。待装置内压力升至一定值时,调节所述第二阀门24开度至原开度,维持所述肾脏模型1压力稳定,完成整个肾脏排尿过程。此过程模拟了肾脏压力和尿量的关系,需要说明的是,因为所述主体部件13外壁设置透明层,所述支部件11外壁设置透明层,所述连接部件12外壁设置透明层,医疗工作者和学员可以更加直观清晰的观看到模拟过程。还需要说明的是,所述压力控制阀1211可以是弹簧阀,电磁控制阀、半透膜等带有相同功能的部件或装置。The embodiment of the present application simulates the relationship between kidney pressure and urine volume. The working principle is: the pulse pump 4 is connected to the
本申请实施例模拟肾移植手术工作原理为:所述肾脏模型1内压力稳定后,通过止血钳阻断所述第二支管32内介质的流动,然后关闭所述脉冲泵4,将所述第二支管32、所述第一支管22和所述排液管7拔出,移除所述肾脏模型1,将另一个肾脏模型置于原位后接通所述第一支管22、第二支管23和所述排液管7,然后打开止血钳,启动所述脉冲泵4,此过程完成模拟肾移植手术。肾脏移植手术,血管连接方式有2种,如图2和图8所示为本申请用于模拟肾脏手术的装置各部件拼接的2种实施例结构示意图,医疗工作者既可以按照图2方式拼接,也可按照图8方式进行拼接。The working principle of the simulated kidney transplant operation in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: after the pressure in the
上述实施例解决了现有肾脏模拟装置仅为外观模型,其结构简单,功能单一,仿真度低,不能进行教学演练和手术操作等问题。The above-mentioned embodiment solves the problems that the existing kidney simulation device is only an appearance model, has a simple structure, single function, low degree of simulation, and cannot be used for teaching drills and surgical operations.
进一步地,所述第一阀门23为单向阀,介质通过单向阀仅可以从阀门入口端向阀门出口端流动,采用单向阀主要目的是防止出现介质回流现象,确保模拟血液流动真实性。Further, the
进一步地,所述固定板1213包括连接杆12131、圆板12132,圆环12133;所述圆板12132与所述压力控制阀1211连接;所述圆板12132的外环通过所述连接杆12131与所述圆环12133连接;所述连接杆12131有3个,且所述3个连接杆12131与所述圆板12132连接端的延长线夹角互为120°,所述圆环12133设置在所述外壳1212的出口端。采用所述3个连接杆12131与所述圆板12132连接,且所述3个连接杆12131与所述圆板12132连接端的延长线夹角互为120°,不仅可以保证所述连接杆12131与所述固定板12132和所述圆环12133连接稳固,受力均匀,同时可节省材料,经济实惠。Further, the fixed
进一步地,模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型还包括肾上腺模型8,所述肾上腺模型8为三角形,所述肾上腺模型8与所述肾脏模型1的顶部连接。在所述肾脏模型1顶部设置所述肾上腺模型8,可以更好的演示人体肾脏器官的相对位置,使学员清晰准确的掌握肾脏器官的结构,便于教学演示。人体有两个肾脏,左肾上腺呈半月形,右肾上腺为三角形,因此,如仿右肾上腺部位,所述肾上腺模型8也可为半月形。Further, the kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine production function also includes an adrenal gland model 8 , the adrenal gland model 8 is triangular, and the adrenal gland model 8 is connected to the top of the
进一步地,所述第二管件3外壁设有透明层。采用透明层,透光度好,便于操作人员或学员观察介质流动情况,优选地,第二管件3外包裹一层透明的红色材料,由于人体动脉一般用红色管表示,采用透明的红色材料,识别度高,符合人们惯性思维,更加便于操作人员或学员清晰掌握部件的位置关系和动脉血液流动状态。Further, the outer wall of the
进一步地,所述第一管件2外壁设有透明层。采用透明层,透光度好,便于操作人员或学员观察介质流动情况,优选地,第一管件2外包裹一层透明的蓝色材料,由于人体静脉一般用蓝色管表示,采用透明的蓝色材料,识别度高,符合人们惯性思维,更加便于操作人员或学员清晰掌握部件的位置关系和静脉血液流动状态。Further, the outer wall of the
进一步地,所述第二管件3包括拼接接头33和拼接部件34,所述第二管件3通过所述拼接接头34和所述拼接部件34连接组成。具体地,如图9所示,为本申请第二管件拼接示意图,采用所述拼接接头33和所述拼接部件34组装成所述第二管件,便于工作人员使用、拆卸,部件更换。优选地,所述第一管件2也可采用相同的结构连接组成。Further, the
进一步地,所述肾脏模型1和所述第二管件3之间设置有压力探头。设置压力探头的目的是,在临床前教学及科研时,可随时监控所述模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型内压力变化情况。Further, a pressure probe is arranged between the
由以上技术方案可知,本发明提供了一种模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型,包括脉冲泵、储液器、第二管件、第一管件、肾脏模型、排液管、连接管件,其中肾脏模型包括:主体部件、支部件和连接部件,连接部件的一端设有压力控制部件,压力控制部件包括压力控制阀、外壳、固定板、密封板和固定柱,相对于现有肾脏模拟装置仅为外观模型,其结构简单,功能单一,仿真度低,不能进行教学演练和手术操作等问题。本发明提供的模拟血液循环及尿液生成功能的肾脏手术模型,可用于临床前教学及科学研究,仿人体肾脏器官的部件与人体肾脏器官按照1:1比例制作而成,其仿真度高,同时通过脉冲泵、压力控制部件和阀门,可模拟肾脏血液循环和尿液生成的关系,模拟度高;并且装置各部件采用组装拼接而成,可用于临床手术操作和教学示范,医疗工作者可模拟肾脏移植手术的相关流程操作,提高医疗工作者对肾脏器官的了解和手术成功率。It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention provides a kidney surgery model that simulates blood circulation and urine production functions, including a pulse pump, a liquid reservoir, a second pipe, a first pipe, a kidney model, a drainage tube, and a connecting pipe , wherein the kidney model includes: a main body part, a branch part and a connecting part, and one end of the connecting part is provided with a pressure control part, and the pressure control part includes a pressure control valve, a shell, a fixing plate, a sealing plate and a fixing column. Compared with the existing kidney simulation The device is only an appearance model, and its structure is simple, its function is single, and the degree of simulation is low, so it cannot be used for teaching drills and surgical operations. The kidney operation model for simulating blood circulation and urine generation functions provided by the present invention can be used for pre-clinical teaching and scientific research. The components imitating human kidney organs are made in a ratio of 1:1 with human kidney organs, and the simulation degree is high. At the same time, through the pulse pump, pressure control components and valves, the relationship between kidney blood circulation and urine production can be simulated, with a high degree of simulation; and all parts of the device are assembled and spliced, which can be used for clinical operation and teaching demonstration. Simulate the related process operation of kidney transplantation to improve medical workers' understanding of kidney organs and the success rate of surgery.
应当理解的是,本发明并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构,并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise constructions which have been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
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