CN107861089A - A kind of intelligent electric energy meter method of testing for being adapted to exceptional operating conditions - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适应于特殊运行工况的智能电能表测试方法，构建反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形，得到频率波动和幅值波动的测试信号，实现了标准校准器在此测试信号的计量准确，能检测电能表在特殊运行工况下的计量特性。
The invention discloses a test method for an intelligent electric energy meter adapted to special operating conditions, constructs a test signal waveform reflecting the special operating condition of the electric energy meter, obtains test signals of frequency fluctuation and amplitude fluctuation, and realizes the standard calibrator here The measurement of the test signal is accurate, and the measurement characteristics of the electric energy meter under special operating conditions can be detected.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属电能计量技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种适应于特殊运行工况的智能电能表测试方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy measurement, and in particular relates to a test method for an intelligent electric energy meter suitable for special operating conditions.
背景技术Background technique
作为智能电网的重要组成部分，智能电能表的计量准确性直接影响电费的结算。目前的国家检定规程JJG596、国家标准GB/T 17215.321、欧洲标准EN50470、国际建议R46等对电能表的性能都提出了要求。As an important part of the smart grid, the measurement accuracy of the smart energy meter directly affects the settlement of electricity charges. The current national verification regulations JJG596, national standard GB/T 17215.321, European standard EN50470, international recommendation R46, etc. all put forward requirements for the performance of electric energy meters.
传统的检测方法常采用虚负荷法和标准表法：检测时，标准功率源输出电压和电流信号；标准表和被测表的电压端并联，电流端串联；通过控制电压和电流的幅值、相位及频率模拟被测表不同的现场运行工况。如标准规定的频率改变试验，测试信号的频率在0.98fnom～1.02fnom(fnom为参比频率)范围内改变。试验时，先使测试信号的频率为fnom，得到被测表的相对误差值；再改变测试信号的频率，此时频率为0.98fnom～1.02fnom范围内的某一固定值，得到被测表的相对误差值；将被测表的相对误差改变值与标准规定的允许误差限进行比较，以判断被测表是否满足要求。然而，电能表现场线路信号的频率往往在一定范围内往返波动且具有周期性，频率改变试验时的测试信号显然不能反映此种运行工况。此外，冲击负荷线路的电流信号，其幅值常具有在宽范围内快速波动的特点，仅改变正弦电流测试信号的有效值显然不能反映此运行工况。甚至，接入电能表的信号在频率发生波动的同时，其电流幅值也在快速波动。目前，缺少一种智能电能表测试方法，用于考核电能表在上述各种特殊运行工况下的计量准确性。Traditional detection methods often use virtual load method and standard meter method: during detection, the standard power source outputs voltage and current signals; the voltage terminals of the standard meter and the measured meter are connected in parallel, and the current terminals are connected in series; The phase and frequency simulate different on-site operating conditions of the meter under test. For example, in the frequency change test specified in the standard, the frequency of the test signal is changed within the range of 0.98f nom to 1.02f nom (f nom is the reference frequency). During the test, first set the frequency of the test signal to be f nom to obtain the relative error value of the meter under test ; The relative error value of the measured meter; compare the relative error change value of the tested meter with the allowable error limit specified in the standard to judge whether the tested meter meets the requirements. However, the frequency of the field line signal of the electric energy meter often fluctuates back and forth within a certain range and is periodic, and the test signal during the frequency change test obviously cannot reflect this operating condition. In addition, the amplitude of the current signal of the impact load line often has the characteristics of rapid fluctuations in a wide range, and only changing the effective value of the sinusoidal current test signal cannot reflect this operating condition. Even when the frequency of the signal connected to the electric energy meter fluctuates, its current amplitude also fluctuates rapidly. At present, there is a lack of a smart energy meter testing method for evaluating the measurement accuracy of the energy meter under the above-mentioned various special operating conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种适应于特殊运行工况的智能电能表测试方法，用于考核智能电能表在频率波动和幅值波动时的计量准确性。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a test method for smart electric energy meters suitable for special operating conditions, which is used to assess the measurement accuracy of the intelligent electric energy meter when the frequency fluctuates and the amplitude fluctuates.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案来实现：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
一种适应于特殊运行工况的智能电能表测试方法，具体步骤如下：A test method for smart electric energy meters adapted to special operating conditions, the specific steps are as follows:
步骤1：将被测表与标准校准器的电压线路并联，电流线路串联；Step 1: Connect the meter under test in parallel with the voltage circuit of the standard calibrator, and connect the current circuit in series;
步骤2：信号发生器的电压输出端口与被测表对应电压端口连接，电流输出端口与被测表对应电流端口连接；Step 2: Connect the voltage output port of the signal generator to the corresponding voltage port of the meter under test, and connect the current output port to the corresponding current port of the meter under test;
步骤3：构建能反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形；Step 3: Construct a test signal waveform that can reflect the special operating conditions of the electric energy meter;
步骤4：信号发生器按照被测表的规格和型号设置参数，由信号发生器输出能反映频率波动和幅值波动的测试信号；信号发生器输出电压测试信号，根据模拟的负载特性，设置功率因数θ，输出电流测试信号；Step 4: The signal generator sets parameters according to the specifications and models of the meter under test, and the signal generator outputs test signals that can reflect frequency fluctuations and amplitude fluctuations; the signal generator outputs voltage test signals, and sets the power according to the simulated load characteristics Factor θ, output current test signal;
步骤5：在足够长的时间间隔Δt内，根据标准校准器所计电能E1和被测表所计电能E2，得到相对误差 Step 5: In a sufficiently long time interval Δt, according to the electric energy E 1 calculated by the standard calibrator and the electric energy E 2 calculated by the meter under test, the relative error is obtained
步骤6：设频率波动最大允许误差为vbase，频率波动影响下允许的最大误差改变为vf，幅值波动影响下允许的最大误差改变为vI，得到特殊工况下，被测表误差限 Step 6: Set the maximum allowable error of frequency fluctuation as v base , change the maximum allowable error under the influence of frequency fluctuation to v f , change the allowable maximum error under the influence of amplitude fluctuation to v I , and obtain the error of the measured meter under special working conditions limit
步骤7：判断γ是否不大于v；若是，则被测表满足要求；若否，则被测表不满足要求。Step 7: Determine whether γ is not greater than v; if yes, the meter under test meets the requirements; if not, the meter under test does not meet the requirements.
上述步骤3构建能反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形的方法如下：The method of constructing the test signal waveform that can reflect the special operating conditions of the electric energy meter in the above step 3 is as follows:
步骤1：测试信号反映频率的往返波动且具有周期性，设其函数表达式为f(t)，周期为T；在一个周期内的波形由n个周波构成，其中n为不小于2的正整数；第i(1≤i≤n)个周波的函数表达式为fi(t)，其频率为fi，周期为Ti＝1/fi；满足公式(1):Step 1: The test signal reflects the back-and-forth fluctuation of frequency and has periodicity. Let its function expression be f(t) and the period be T; Integer; the function expression of the i (1≤i≤n) cycle is f i (t), its frequency is f i , and the cycle is Ti=1/f i ; satisfying formula (1):
0.98fnom≤fi≤1.02fnom (1)0.98f nom ≤f i ≤1.02f nom (1)
公式(1)中，fnom为参比频率；In formula (1), fnom is the reference frequency;
在0≤t≤Tn，即在一个周期内f(t)的表达式如公式(2)所示：When 0≤t≤T n , that is, the expression of f(t) in one period is shown in formula (2):
构建的测试波形在一个周波内，频率将依次为f1，f2，...，fn-1，fn，构成了频率波动的测试信号。The constructed test waveform has frequencies f 1 , f 2 , .
步骤2：为构成频率波动测试信号，各相电压测试信号的第i个周波fi(t)的函数表达式分别为：Step 2: In order to form the frequency fluctuation test signal, the function expressions of the ith cycle f i (t) of each phase voltage test signal are respectively:
其中，uai(t)、ubi(t)、uci(t)分别为a相、b相和c相电压测试信号；M为各电压测试信号各周波幅值的有效值；Among them, u ai (t), u bi (t), u ci (t) are a-phase, b-phase and c-phase voltage test signals respectively; M is the effective value of each cycle amplitude of each voltage test signal;
步骤3：设功率因数为θ，则各相电流测试信号的第i个周波fi(t)的函数表达式分别为：Step 3: Let the power factor be θ, then the function expressions of the ith cycle f i (t) of each phase current test signal are respectively:
其中，iai(t)、ibi(t)、ici(t)分别为a相、b相和c相电流测试信号；Ni为电流测试信号第i个周波幅值的有效值；Among them, i ai (t), i bi (t), i ci (t) are a-phase, b-phase and c-phase current test signals respectively; N i is the effective value of the i-th cycle amplitude of the current test signal;
为反映线路中信号频率波动和幅值波动同时存在的情况，各相电流测试信号的有效值N的表达式如公式(9)所示：In order to reflect the simultaneous existence of signal frequency fluctuations and amplitude fluctuations in the line, the expression of the effective value N of each phase current test signal is shown in formula (9):
Ni＝qiN (9)N i =q i N (9)
其中，qi为幅值变化系数，N为幅值参比值；Among them, q i is the amplitude variation coefficient, and N is the amplitude reference value;
步骤4：在fi(t)的一个周期Ti上以等时间间隔Ti/m依次取m个点，第j个点的值为fi(jTi/m)；对构成各电压和电流测试信号的n个周波依次进行取值，对每个电压和电流测试信号而言，共计有n×m个值；Step 4: On a cycle T i of f i (t), take m points at equal time intervals T i /m in turn, and the value of the jth point is f i (jT i /m); for each voltage and The n cycles of the current test signal are sequentially valued, and for each voltage and current test signal, there are a total of n×m values;
步骤5：按照时间间隔Ti/m依次提取步骤4所述的n×m个值，形成数字信号；Step 5: sequentially extract the n×m values described in step 4 according to the time interval T i /m to form a digital signal;
步骤6：将数字信号进行DA转换得到模拟信号；Step 6: Perform DA conversion on the digital signal to obtain an analog signal;
步骤7：对得到的模拟信号进行滤波；Step 7: filtering the obtained analog signal;
步骤8：放大滤波后的信号，得到测试所需的各相电压和各相电流信号。Step 8: Amplify the filtered signal to obtain the voltage and current signals of each phase required for testing.
该方法是基于一种智能电能表检测装置实现的，包括：信号发生器、DSP、计数比较器、分频设置单元、隔离单元、三相标准电压源、三相标准电流源及标准校准器。The method is realized based on an intelligent electric energy meter detection device, including: a signal generator, a DSP, a counting comparator, a frequency division setting unit, an isolation unit, a three-phase standard voltage source, a three-phase standard current source and a standard calibrator.
信号发生器通过通讯接口A与DSP输出端连接；DSP的输出端和计数比较器的输入端连接，DSP的输出端同时与三相标准电压源的输入端和三相标准电流源的输入端连接；计数比较器的输出端与隔离单元连接，隔离单元的输出同时和标准校准器内的第一AD转换单元及第二AD转换单元连接；分频设置单元输出与计数比较器控制端连接；信号发生器的输出经通讯接口B与三相标准电压源及三相标准电流源连接；标准校准器的电压端口与被测表的对应电压端口并联；标准校准器的电流端口与被测表的对应电流端口串联；三相标准电压源输出电压测试信号，输出端口与标准校准器对应电压端口连接；三相标准电流源输出电流测试信号，输出端口与标准校准器对应电流端口连接。The signal generator is connected to the output terminal of the DSP through the communication interface A; the output terminal of the DSP is connected to the input terminal of the counting comparator, and the output terminal of the DSP is connected to the input terminal of the three-phase standard voltage source and the input terminal of the three-phase standard current source at the same time The output terminal of the counting comparator is connected with the isolation unit, and the output of the isolation unit is connected with the first AD conversion unit and the second AD conversion unit in the standard calibrator at the same time; the frequency division setting unit output is connected with the control terminal of the counting comparator; The output of the generator is connected to the three-phase standard voltage source and the three-phase standard current source through the communication interface B; the voltage port of the standard calibrator is connected in parallel with the corresponding voltage port of the meter under test; the current port of the standard calibrator is connected with the corresponding The current ports are connected in series; the three-phase standard voltage source outputs a voltage test signal, and the output port is connected to the corresponding voltage port of the standard calibrator; the three-phase standard current source outputs the current test signal, and the output port is connected to the corresponding current port of the standard calibrator.
标准校准器，包括：电压采样单元、电流采样单元、第一调理电路、第二调理电路、第一AD转换单元、第二AD转换单元及MCU；三相标准电压源的输出与电压采样单元的输入连接，电压采样单元的输出与第一调理电路输入连接，第一调理电路输出与第一AD转换单元的输入连接；第一AD转换单元的输出与MCU连接；三相标准电流源的输出与电流采样单元的输入连接，电流采样单元的输出与第二调理电路输入连接，第二调理电路输出与第二AD转换单元的输入连接；第二AD转换单元的输出与MCU连接。The standard calibrator includes: a voltage sampling unit, a current sampling unit, a first conditioning circuit, a second conditioning circuit, a first AD conversion unit, a second AD conversion unit and an MCU; the output of the three-phase standard voltage source and the output of the voltage sampling unit Input connection, the output of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the input of the first conditioning circuit, the output of the first conditioning circuit is connected to the input of the first AD conversion unit; the output of the first AD conversion unit is connected to the MCU; the output of the three-phase standard current source is connected to the input of the first AD conversion unit; The input of the current sampling unit is connected, the output of the current sampling unit is connected to the input of the second conditioning circuit, the output of the second conditioning circuit is connected to the input of the second AD conversion unit; the output of the second AD conversion unit is connected to the MCU.
信号发生器将从波形提取的n×m个数据通过通讯端口B传输给三相标准电压源和三相标准电流源并存储；信号发生器将各相电压和各相电流测试信号波形提取的时间间隔Ti/m值传输给DSP，DSP按照时间间隔Ti/m输出控制脉冲，控制三相标准电压源和三相标准电流源对存储的数据进行DA转换，通过滤波处理和信号放大，输出所需的各相电压和各相电流测试信号。The signal generator transmits the n×m data extracted from the waveform to the three-phase standard voltage source and three-phase standard current source through the communication port B and stores them; The interval T i /m value is transmitted to the DSP, and the DSP outputs the control pulse according to the time interval T i /m, controls the three-phase standard voltage source and the three-phase standard current source to perform DA conversion on the stored data, and through filtering processing and signal amplification, the output The required test signals for each phase voltage and each phase current.
分频设置单元根据实际需求设置分频数n，计数比较器不断对DSP输出的脉冲信号进行计数，并与设置分频数n比较；当计数值为n时，计数比较器将计数值清零并输出一个脉冲信号，如此循环实现对DSP输出的脉冲信号的n分频；计数比较器经过隔离单元输出分频后的脉冲信号，控制标准校准器内的第一AD转换单元和第二AD转换单元进行AD转换，使得标准校准器能实现对各相电压和各相电流测试信号的完全同步采样，保证了标准校准器在测试信号频率波动时的计量准确性。The frequency division setting unit sets the frequency division number n according to actual needs, and the counting comparator continuously counts the pulse signal output by the DSP and compares it with the set frequency division number n; when the count value is n, the counting comparator clears the count value And output a pulse signal, so that the n-frequency division of the pulse signal output by the DSP is realized in such a cycle; the counting comparator outputs the frequency-divided pulse signal through the isolation unit, and controls the first AD conversion unit and the second AD conversion in the standard calibrator The unit performs AD conversion, so that the standard calibrator can realize completely synchronous sampling of the test signals of each phase voltage and each phase current, which ensures the measurement accuracy of the standard calibrator when the frequency of the test signal fluctuates.
第二调理电路每相有4条调理支路，调理支路包括：缓冲器、放大器、滤波电路及驱动电路构成；电流采样单元的输出和缓冲器的输入连接，缓冲器用于减小输入阻抗对电流采样单元输出的影响；缓冲器的输出经放大器放大与滤波电路的输入连接，滤波器的输出和驱动电路输入连接，驱动电路输出信号驱动AD转换单元。Each phase of the second conditioning circuit has 4 conditioning branches. The conditioning branch includes: a buffer, an amplifier, a filter circuit and a drive circuit; the output of the current sampling unit is connected to the input of the buffer, and the buffer is used to reduce the input impedance The influence of the output of the current sampling unit; the output of the buffer is amplified by the amplifier and connected to the input of the filter circuit, the output of the filter is connected to the input of the driving circuit, and the output signal of the driving circuit drives the AD conversion unit.
对某一相电流测试信号，4条调理支路里放大器的放大倍数均不同；电流测试信号依次通过4条调理支路调理，由第二AD转换单元进行AD转换，MCU将转换后的数字信号存储并处理，在一个采样周期内共得到4组数据；通过当前一个周期的4组数据，MCU计算4个电流平均值I1、I2、I3和I4；标准校准器设置4个电流量程，分别为(I1min～I1max)、(I2min～I2max)、(I13min～I3max)和(I4min～I4max)；通过判断I1、I2、I3和I4是否在前一个采样周期所选择的量程范围内，MCU从4组数据里选择对应的一组数据计算电能；三相电流测试信号均做同样的处理，保证了标准校准器在测试信号幅值波动时的计量准确。For a certain phase current test signal, the amplification factor of the amplifier in the 4 conditioning branches is different; the current test signal is sequentially conditioned by the 4 conditioning branches, and the AD conversion is performed by the second AD conversion unit, and the converted digital signal is converted by the MCU Store and process, and get 4 sets of data in one sampling cycle; through the 4 sets of data in the current cycle, the MCU calculates 4 current averages I 1 , I 2 , I 3 and I 4 ; the standard calibrator sets 4 currents The ranges are (I 1min ～I 1max ), (I 2min ～I 2max ), (I 13min ～I 3max ) and (I 4min ～I 4max ); by judging whether I 1 , I 2 , I 3 and I 4 Within the range selected in the previous sampling period, the MCU selects a corresponding set of data from the 4 sets of data to calculate the electric energy; the three-phase current test signals are all processed in the same way, which ensures that the standard calibrator can be used when the test signal amplitude fluctuates. The measurement is accurate.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供一种适应于特殊运行工况的智能电能表测试方法，构建反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形，得到频率波动和幅值波动的测试信号，实现了标准校准器在此测试信号的计量准确，能检测电能表在特殊运行工况下的计量特性。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides a test method for smart electric energy meters adapted to special operating conditions, constructs test signal waveforms reflecting special operating conditions of electric energy meters, obtains test signals of frequency fluctuations and amplitude fluctuations, and realizes In order to ensure the accuracy of measurement of the test signal by the standard calibrator, it can detect the measurement characteristics of the electric energy meter under special operating conditions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的装置原理示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device principle of the present invention;
图2是调理电路的结构图；Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the conditioning circuit;
图3是本发明的测试方法流程图；Fig. 3 is a test method flow chart of the present invention;
图4是本发明构建反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形的流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention for constructing test signal waveforms reflecting the special operating conditions of the electric energy meter.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
图1所示是本发明的装置原理示意图，一种智能电能表检测装置，包括：信号发生器、DSP、计数比较器、分频设置单元、隔离单元、三相标准电压源、三相标准电流源及标准校准器。信号发生器通过通讯接口A与DSP输出端连接；DSP的输出端和计数比较器的输入端连接，DSP的输出端同时与三相标准电压源的输入端和三相标准电流源的输入端连接；计数比较器的输出端与隔离单元连接，隔离单元的输出同时和标准校准器内的第一AD转换单元及第二AD转换单元连接；分频设置单元输出与计数比较器控制端连接；信号发生器的输出经通讯接口B与三相标准电压源及三相标准电流源连接；标准校准器的电压端口与被测表的对应电压端口并联；标准校准器的电流端口与被测表的对应电流端口串联；三相标准电压源输出电压测试信号，输出端口与标准校准器对应电压端口连接；三相标准电流源输出电流测试信号，输出端口与标准校准器对应电流端口连接。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device principle of the present invention, a smart energy meter detection device, including: signal generator, DSP, counting comparator, frequency division setting unit, isolation unit, three-phase standard voltage source, three-phase standard current source and standard calibrator. The signal generator is connected to the output terminal of the DSP through the communication interface A; the output terminal of the DSP is connected to the input terminal of the counting comparator, and the output terminal of the DSP is connected to the input terminal of the three-phase standard voltage source and the input terminal of the three-phase standard current source at the same time The output terminal of the counting comparator is connected with the isolation unit, and the output of the isolation unit is connected with the first AD conversion unit and the second AD conversion unit in the standard calibrator at the same time; the frequency division setting unit output is connected with the control terminal of the counting comparator; The output of the generator is connected to the three-phase standard voltage source and the three-phase standard current source through the communication interface B; the voltage port of the standard calibrator is connected in parallel with the corresponding voltage port of the meter under test; the current port of the standard calibrator is connected with the corresponding The current ports are connected in series; the three-phase standard voltage source outputs a voltage test signal, and the output port is connected to the corresponding voltage port of the standard calibrator; the three-phase standard current source outputs the current test signal, and the output port is connected to the corresponding current port of the standard calibrator.
标准校准器，包括：电压采样单元、电流采样单元、第一调理电路、第二调理电路、第一AD转换单元、第二AD转换单元及MCU；三相标准电压源的输出与电压采样单元的输入连接，电压采样单元的输出与第一调理电路输入连接，第一调理电路输出与第一AD转换单元的输入连接；第一AD转换单元的输出与MCU连接；三相标准电流源的输出与电流采样单元的输入连接，电流采样单元的输出与第二调理电路输入连接，第二调理电路输出与第二AD转换单元的输入连接；第二AD转换单元的输出与MCU连接。The standard calibrator includes: a voltage sampling unit, a current sampling unit, a first conditioning circuit, a second conditioning circuit, a first AD conversion unit, a second AD conversion unit and an MCU; the output of the three-phase standard voltage source and the output of the voltage sampling unit Input connection, the output of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the input of the first conditioning circuit, the output of the first conditioning circuit is connected to the input of the first AD conversion unit; the output of the first AD conversion unit is connected to the MCU; the output of the three-phase standard current source is connected to the input of the first AD conversion unit; The input of the current sampling unit is connected, the output of the current sampling unit is connected to the input of the second conditioning circuit, the output of the second conditioning circuit is connected to the input of the second AD conversion unit; the output of the second AD conversion unit is connected to the MCU.
信号发生器将从波形提取的n×m个数据通过通讯端口B传输给三相标准电压源和三相标准电流源并存储；信号发生器将各相电压和各相电流测试信号波形提取的时间间隔Ti/m值传输给DSP，DSP按照时间间隔Ti/m输出控制脉冲，控制三相标准电压源和三相标准电流源对存储的数据进行DA转换，通过滤波处理和信号放大，输出所需的各相电压和各相电流测试信号。The signal generator transmits the n×m data extracted from the waveform to the three-phase standard voltage source and three-phase standard current source through the communication port B and stores them; The interval T i /m value is transmitted to the DSP, and the DSP outputs the control pulse according to the time interval T i /m, controls the three-phase standard voltage source and the three-phase standard current source to perform DA conversion on the stored data, and through filtering processing and signal amplification, the output The required test signals for each phase voltage and each phase current.
分频设置单元控制计数比较器将DSP输出的脉冲信号按照n:1比例进行分频，经过隔离单元输出脉冲信号，控制标准校准器内的第一AD转换单元和第二AD转换单元进行AD转换，使得标准校准器能实现对各相电压和各相电流测试信号的完全同步采样，保证了标准校准器在测试信号频率波动时的计量准确性。The frequency division setting unit controls the counting comparator to divide the pulse signal output by the DSP according to the n:1 ratio, and outputs the pulse signal through the isolation unit to control the first AD conversion unit and the second AD conversion unit in the standard calibrator to perform AD conversion. , so that the standard calibrator can realize completely synchronous sampling of the test signals of each phase voltage and each phase current, and ensure the measurement accuracy of the standard calibrator when the frequency of the test signal fluctuates.
图2是调理电路的结构图，对于A相电流测试信号；4条调理支路里放大器的放大倍数均不同，分别为A1、A2、A3和A4；依次通过4条调理支路调理，由第二AD转换单元进行AD转换，MCU将转换后的数字信号存储并处理，在一个采样周期内共得到4组对应数据；通过当前一个周期的4组数据Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4，MCU计算4个电流平均值I1、I2、I3和I4；标准校准器设置4个电流量程，分别为(I1min～I1max)、(I2min～I2max)、(I13min～I3max)和(I4min～I4max)；如前一个采样周期所选择的量程范围为(I1min～I1max)，判断出I2在(I1min～I1max)范围，MCU选择对应的一组数据Q2计算电能；B相和C相电流测试信号均做同样的处理，保证了标准校准器在测试信号幅值波动时的计量准确。Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the conditioning circuit. For the A-phase current test signal; the amplification factors of the amplifiers in the four conditioning branches are all different, which are A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 respectively; through the four conditioning branches in turn Conditioning, the AD conversion is performed by the second AD conversion unit, the MCU stores and processes the converted digital signal, and a total of 4 sets of corresponding data are obtained in one sampling period; through the 4 sets of data Q 1 , Q 2 , Q in the current cycle 3 and Q 4 , the MCU calculates 4 current averages I 1 , I 2 , I 3 and I 4 ; the standard calibrator sets 4 current ranges, which are (I 1min ～I 1max ), (I 2min ～I 2max ) , (I 13min ～I 3max ) and (I 4min ～I 4max ); if the range selected in the previous sampling period is (I 1min ～I 1max ), it is judged that I 2 is in the range of (I 1min ～I 1max ), The MCU selects the corresponding set of data Q 2 to calculate the electric energy; the B-phase and C-phase current test signals are processed in the same way to ensure the accuracy of the standard calibrator when the test signal amplitude fluctuates.
图3是本发明的测试方法流程图，一种适应于特殊运行工况的智能电能表测试方法，具体步骤如下：Fig. 3 is a test method flow chart of the present invention, a kind of smart electric energy meter test method that is adapted to special operating conditions, and concrete steps are as follows:
步骤1：将被测表与标准校准器的电压线路并联，电流线路串联；Step 1: Connect the meter under test in parallel with the voltage circuit of the standard calibrator, and connect the current circuit in series;
步骤2：信号发生器的电压输出端口与被测表对应电压端口连接，电流输出端口与被测表对应电流端口连接；Step 2: Connect the voltage output port of the signal generator to the corresponding voltage port of the meter under test, and connect the current output port to the corresponding current port of the meter under test;
步骤3：构建能反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形；Step 3: Construct a test signal waveform that can reflect the special operating conditions of the electric energy meter;
步骤4：信号发生器按照被测表的规格和型号设置参数，由信号发生器输出能反映频率波动和幅值波动的测试信号；信号发生器输出电压测试信号，根据模拟的负载特性，设置功率因数θ，输出电流测试信号；Step 4: The signal generator sets parameters according to the specifications and models of the meter under test, and the signal generator outputs test signals that can reflect frequency fluctuations and amplitude fluctuations; the signal generator outputs voltage test signals, and sets the power according to the simulated load characteristics Factor θ, output current test signal;
步骤5：在足够长的时间间隔Δt内，根据标准校准器所计电能E1和被测表所计电能E2，得到相对误差 Step 5: In a sufficiently long time interval Δt, according to the electric energy E 1 calculated by the standard calibrator and the electric energy E 2 calculated by the meter under test, the relative error is obtained
步骤6：设频率波动最大允许误差为vbase，频率波动影响下允许的最大误差改变为vf，幅值波动影响下允许的最大误差改变为vI，得到特殊工况下，被测表误差限 Step 6: Set the maximum allowable error of frequency fluctuation as v base , change the maximum allowable error under the influence of frequency fluctuation to v f , change the allowable maximum error under the influence of amplitude fluctuation to v I , and obtain the error of the measured meter under special working conditions limit
步骤7：判断γ是否不大于v；若是，则被测表满足要求；若否，则被测表不满足要求。Step 7: Determine whether γ is not greater than v; if yes, the meter under test meets the requirements; if not, the meter under test does not meet the requirements.
图4是本发明构建反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形的流程图，构建能反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形的方法如下：Fig. 4 is the flow chart that the present invention builds the test signal waveform that reflects the special operating condition of the electric energy meter, and the method for constructing the test signal waveform that can reflect the special operating condition of the electric energy meter is as follows:
步骤1：测试信号反映频率的往返波动且具有周期性，设其函数表达式为f(t)，周期为T；在一个周期内的波形由n个周波构成，其中n为不小于2的正整数；第i(1≤i≤n)个周波的函数表达式为fi(t)，其频率为fi，周期为Ti＝1/fi；满足公式(1):Step 1: The test signal reflects the back-and-forth fluctuation of frequency and has periodicity. Let its function expression be f(t) and the period be T; Integer; the function expression of the i (1≤i≤n) cycle is f i (t), its frequency is f i , and the cycle is Ti=1/f i ; satisfying formula (1):
0.98fnom≤fi≤1.02fnom (1)0.98f nom ≤f i ≤1.02f nom (1)
公式(1)中，fnom为参考频率；In formula (1), f nom is the reference frequency;
在0≤t≤Tn，即在一个周期内f(t)的表达式如公式(2)所示：When 0≤t≤T n , that is, the expression of f(t) in one period is shown in formula (2):
构建的测试波形在一个周波内，频率将依次为f1，f2，...，fn-1，fn，构成了频率的波动。Within one cycle of the constructed test waveform, the frequencies will be f 1 , f 2 , .
步骤2：为构成频率波动测试信号，各相电压测试信号的第i个周波fi(t)的函数表达式分别为：Step 2: In order to form the frequency fluctuation test signal, the function expressions of the ith cycle f i (t) of each phase voltage test signal are respectively:
其中，uai(t)、ubi(t)、uci(t)分别为a相、b相和c相电压测试信号；M为各电压测试信号各周波幅值的有效值；Among them, u ai (t), u bi (t), u ci (t) are a-phase, b-phase and c-phase voltage test signals respectively; M is the effective value of each cycle amplitude of each voltage test signal;
步骤3：设功率因数为θ，则各相电流测试信号的第i个周波fi(t)的函数表达式分别为：Step 3: Let the power factor be θ, then the function expressions of the ith cycle f i (t) of each phase current test signal are respectively:
其中，iai(t)、ibi(t)、ici(t)分别为a相、b相和c相电流测试信号；Ni为电流测试信号第i个周波幅值的有效值；Among them, i ai (t), i bi (t), i ci (t) are a-phase, b-phase and c-phase current test signals respectively; N i is the effective value of the i-th cycle amplitude of the current test signal;
为反映线路中信号频率波动和幅值波动同时存在的情况，各相电流测试信号的有效值N的表达式如公式(9)所示：In order to reflect the simultaneous existence of signal frequency fluctuations and amplitude fluctuations in the line, the expression of the effective value N of each phase current test signal is shown in formula (9):
Ni＝qiN (9)N i =q i N (9)
其中，qi为幅值变化系数，N为幅值参比值；Among them, q i is the amplitude variation coefficient, and N is the amplitude reference value;
步骤4：在fi(t)的一个周期Ti上以等时间间隔Ti/m依次取m个点，第j个点的值为fi(jTi/m)；对构成各电压和电流测试信号的n个周波依次进行取值，对每个电压和电流测试信号而言，共计有n×m个值；Step 4: On a cycle T i of f i (t), take m points at equal time intervals T i /m in turn, and the value of the jth point is f i (jT i /m); for each voltage and The n cycles of the current test signal are sequentially valued, and for each voltage and current test signal, there are a total of n×m values;
步骤5：按照时间间隔Ti/m依次提取步骤4所述的n×m个值，形成数字信号；Step 5: sequentially extract the n×m values described in step 4 according to the time interval T i /m to form a digital signal;
步骤6：将数字信号进行DA转换得到模拟信号；Step 6: Perform DA conversion on the digital signal to obtain an analog signal;
步骤7：对得到的模拟信号进行滤波；Step 7: filtering the obtained analog signal;
步骤8：放大滤波后的信号，得到测试所需的各相电压和各相电流信号。Step 8: Amplify the filtered signal to obtain the voltage and current signals of each phase required for testing.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供一种适应于特殊运行工况的智能电能表测试方法，构建反映电能表特殊运行工况的测试信号波形，得到频率波动和幅值波动的测试信号，通过任意分频器分频作用和设置多条调理支路，实现标准校准器在此测试信号的计量准确性，能检测电能表在特殊运行工况下的计量特性。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides a test method for smart electric energy meters suitable for special operating conditions, constructs test signal waveforms reflecting the special operating conditions of electric energy meters, and obtains frequency fluctuation and amplitude For test signals with fluctuations in value, through the frequency division function of any frequency divider and setting multiple conditioning branches, the measurement accuracy of the standard calibrator in this test signal can be realized, and the measurement characteristics of the electric energy meter under special operating conditions can be detected.
本发明中涉及的未说明部分与现有技术相同或采用现有技术加以实现。The unexplained parts involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or implemented by adopting the prior art.
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