Real-time acquisition system for running state of high-voltage transformer group
Technical Field
The invention relates to a real-time acquisition system of a high-voltage transformer group, in particular to a real-time acquisition system of the running state of the high-voltage transformer group.
Background
The high-voltage transformer group is used for measuring the large current and the high voltage of a power system and provides the most basic and important measurement data for a power grid. The power transformers are regarded as eyes and ears of a power system, the number of the power transformers is large, according to incomplete statistics, the number of the power transformers in 2015 in the national power grid is more than 20 ten thousand only in 220kV and above voltage class, and the number of the power transformers in 110kV and above voltage class is more than 100 ten thousand. With the advance of the construction of smart power grids in China, novel sensing technologies and data transmission technologies such as electronic transformers, digital combination units and the like are gradually popularized, and compared with traditional power transformers CT and PT, the novel technology is more unstable in measurement error, more complex in change rule, and more necessary and urgent in tracking of the operation error. According to the field operation experience of many years, the mutual inductor may have an out-of-tolerance condition in the operation process, and the accuracy of electric energy metering is directly influenced, so that the fairness and the accuracy of electric quantity transaction are influenced, and the safety operation of a power grid can be threatened even under severe conditions; monitoring the running errors of the mutual inductor group is an effective measure for ensuring the accuracy of the mutual inductor and maintaining the stable running of the power system. In the existing error detection method, a mutual inductor which operates in a high-voltage state is usually verified by periodic power failure verification, but the method has the difficulties that power failure affects the operation of a power grid, actual operation errors cannot be accurately detected, verification workload is huge and the like, and live verification also has the defects of safety, portability and the like in the process of technical development and is not widely applied.
In order to accurately track and master the running errors of the transformer group in operation, a real-time running state acquisition system of the high-voltage transformer group is needed, so that the running results of the transformer group are acquired, recorded and monitored in real time, and an accurate data basis is provided for the evaluation of the transformer error state, so that the real-time, accurate and reliable transformer running errors are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a real-time running state acquisition system for a high-voltage transformer group, which aims to realize synchronous high-precision real-time acquisition of running state data of a plurality of groups of transformers in a power network and provide a data basis for the evaluation of running errors of the transformer group.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a real-time acquisition system for the running state of a high-voltage transformer group is structurally characterized by comprising a synchronization module, an acquisition module, a merging module and an output module; the synchronization module comprises a Beidou/GPS receiving module and a synchronization control core module; the synchronization module receives Beidou/GPS signals, provides PPS pulses for multiple channels of the acquisition module, provides time service signals for the data combination module and supports real-time synchronous acquisition among a plurality of acquisition systems; the acquisition module realizes A/D sampling and characteristic quantity extraction of secondary output electric analog signals of a plurality of groups of mutual inductors on the basis of an A/D + FPGA + DSP architecture; the merging module merges the multi-channel characteristic quantity extraction results, extracts absolute time from Beidou/GPS time service signals and adds time scales to the merged multi-group characteristic quantity results; the output module is used for transmitting the acquisition result to the local terminal and the remote terminal, and the result can be used for evaluating the running error of the mutual inductor group in real time.
The Beidou/GPS receiving module is provided with a satellite signal receiving antenna and a satellite signal processing module, and the satellite signal receiving antenna supports dual-mode receiving of Beidou/GPS signals; the satellite signal processing module processes the Beidou/GPS signals and outputs PPS (pulse per second) pulse signals and serial port signals containing absolute time information.
The synchronous control core module is realized on the basis of the FPGA, receives the PPS second pulse signals and synchronously outputs 6 paths of PPS second pulse signals for the acquisition module to synchronously use.
The acquisition module is divided into a voltage acquisition module and a current acquisition module, and the voltage acquisition module and the current acquisition module can acquire and process 6-channel voltage or current signals and realize real-time synchronous acquisition of the running state of the 36-channel 6-group three-phase mutual inductor.
The voltage acquisition module can realize voltage transformation, voltage acquisition and voltage characteristic quantity extraction; the voltage conversion converts rated voltage output secondarily into small voltage smaller than the rated voltage through a high-precision small PT, a voltage acquisition module takes PPS second pulse output by a synchronization module as acquisition trigger, analog-to-digital conversion of voltage signals is realized at set acquisition frequency, voltage characteristic quantity extraction is realized by a high-precision floating point DSP for extracting characteristic values of voltage sampling value sequence, fundamental wave, third harmonic, fifth harmonic frequency, amplitude and phase of the signals can be extracted, zero sequence and negative sequence unbalance of the voltage are calculated according to a three-phase result, and finally a specific result is output to a combination module in a specific frame format in a serial port mode.
The current acquisition module realizes current conversion, current acquisition and current characteristic quantity extraction, the current conversion converts rated current output secondarily into small current smaller than the rated current through a high-precision small CT, the current acquisition firstly carries out analog sampling on current signals through a high-precision sampling resistor, then PPS second pulse output by the synchronization module is used as acquisition trigger, analog-to-digital conversion of the current signals is realized through set acquisition frequency, the current characteristic quantity extraction realizes extraction of current sampling value sequence characteristic values through a high-precision floating point DSP, fundamental wave, third harmonic, fifth harmonic frequency, amplitude and phase of the signals can be extracted, zero sequence unbalance and negative sequence unbalance of the current can be calculated according to three-phase results, and finally, a specific result is output to the combination module in a specific frame format in a serial port mode.
The merging module is provided with a serial port receiving module with 7 channels and a merging control core module.
The serial port connection module of the 7 channels receives the acquisition result output by the acquisition module and the time service time output by the Beidou/GPS receiving module; the merging control core synchronously processes the acquisition result and the time service time signal; and combining a plurality of groups of acquisition result data into a data frame, extracting the current absolute time from the time service time signal, and adding an accurate time scale for the acquisition result.
The high-precision floating point DSP receives and analyzes sampling value datagrams sent by the FPGA through SPI communication, then the DSP calculates fundamental waves, harmonic frequencies, amplitudes and phases of each phase of signals through a windowing interpolation FFT algorithm, the fundamental waves of three-phase voltage/current are processed, and zero-sequence voltage, positive-sequence voltage and negative-sequence voltage can be obtained, so that the unbalance of the zero-sequence voltage and the unbalance of the negative-sequence voltage can be obtained; the windowed interpolation FFT algorithm is implemented as follows: firstly, 1024-point 4-item 3-order Nuttall window windowing interception processing is carried out on time domain discrete sampling numbers, base 2FFT operation is carried out on processed data, a magnitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of signal dispersion can be obtained after the processes of modulus and phase angle are carried out, then the maximum spectral line of the magnitude spectrum and the left spectral line and the right spectral line of the maximum spectral line are found, finally the maximum value point of the signal spectrum is obtained through three spectral line interpolation, and the frequency, the amplitude and the phase of a signal fundamental wave can be obtained.
The output module comprises a local terminal output module and a remote terminal output module; the local terminal output module outputs a plurality of groups of acquisition results of the merging module to a local transformer state evaluation terminal in a serial port mode, fundamental wave, harmonic wave and unbalance degree information of the currently acquired three-phase transformer is displayed and stored on the local terminal in real time, local storage of long-time-span historical operation characteristics is realized, and operation errors and operation risks of the in-operation transformer are evaluated in real time; the remote terminal output module is used for outputting an evaluation result of a local in-transit mutual inductor to a remote terminal, data transmission is based on GPRS/LTE wireless communication, two ends of a transmission system adopt electric power special data transmission units, a multi-point system networking mode of a support center is adopted, a virtual data special network is realized on a network structure, and a metering center background system is stably connected with a plurality of substations.
The english alphabet appearing in the above text is explained as follows: an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), i.e., a Field-Programmable Gate Array; DSP (digital Signal processing), namely digital Signal processing; PT is a voltage transformer; CT is a current transformer; fft (fast Fourier transform) is a fast algorithm of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), i.e. fast Fourier transform. .
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following excellent effects: based on the Beidou/GPS dual-mode synchronous signals, the system internal synchronization and the system inter-system synchronization are supported, and the operation data of all transformers in any power network can be acquired theoretically by expanding the number of acquisition systems. The acquisition module realizes high-precision acquisition of voltage and current through a high-precision A/D + FPGA + high-performance DSP architecture. The voltage or current characteristic quantity extraction is realized based on a high-order window function three-interpolation FFT algorithm, and the fundamental wave, the third harmonic wave, the fifth harmonic wave, the frequency, the amplitude, the phase and the zero sequence and negative sequence unbalance of the signal can be accurately extracted in real time. The local terminal is provided with a local database, so that a historical operation characteristic database of a transformer group with long time span can be established, and the real-time evaluation of the operation error and the operation risk of the in-operation transformers is realized. The data remote transmission is based on GPRS/LTE wireless communication, and the transmission system adopts a special DTU for electric power, so that the system has the excellent characteristics of strong electromagnetic interference resistance, high temperature adaptability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a real-time acquisition system for the running state of a high-voltage transformer group according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage/current collection module according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the implementation of the local database terminal according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the invention discloses a real-time acquisition system of the running state of a high-voltage transformer group, which is characterized by comprising a synchronization module, an acquisition module, a merging module and an output module; the synchronization module comprises a Beidou/GPS receiving module and a synchronization control core module; the collecting module is divided into a voltage collecting module and a current collecting module, the merging module is provided with a serial port receiving module and a merging control core module of 7 channels, and the output module comprises a local terminal output module and a remote terminal output module.
Referring to fig. 1, the general scheme of the real-time acquisition system is as follows: the synchronization module receives Beidou/GPS signals, provides PPS pulses for multiple channels of the acquisition module, provides time service signals for the data combination module and supports real-time synchronous acquisition among a plurality of acquisition systems; the acquisition module realizes A/D sampling and characteristic quantity extraction of secondary output electric analog signals of a plurality of groups of mutual inductors on the basis of an A/D + FPGA + DSP architecture; the merging module merges the multi-channel characteristic quantity extraction results, extracts absolute time from Beidou/GPS time service signals and adds time scales to the merged multi-group characteristic quantity results; the output module is used for transmitting the acquisition result to the local terminal and the remote terminal, and the result can be used for evaluating the running error of the mutual inductor group in real time.
The Beidou/GPS receiving module is provided with a satellite signal receiving antenna and a satellite signal processing module, and the satellite signal receiving antenna supports dual-mode receiving of Beidou/GPS signals; the satellite signal processing module processes the Beidou/GPS signals and outputs PPS (pulse per second) pulse signals and serial port signals containing absolute time information. The synchronous control core module is realized on the basis of the FPGA, receives the PPS second pulse signals and synchronously outputs 6 paths of PPS second pulse signals for the acquisition module to synchronously use. The synchronization module receives Beidou/GPS information by using a radio frequency chip, outputs PPS signals through an IO port and outputs absolute time information through a serial port. The PPS signal is further sent to a control core, the control core carries out 6-path parallel synchronous forwarding based on a 50MHz high-precision high-stability clock, and forwarding delay and inter-channel synchronous errors are less than 20 ns.
Referring to fig. 2, the voltage acquisition module and the current acquisition module can acquire and process 6-channel voltage or current signals, and can synchronously acquire the running states of the 36-channel 6-group three-phase mutual inductor in real time, and the voltage acquisition module can realize voltage transformation, voltage acquisition and voltage characteristic quantity extraction; the voltage transformation converts rated voltage of secondary output into small voltage smaller than the rated voltage through high-precision small PT, the rated transmission of the high-precision small PT is 57.7V (rated voltage): 4V (small voltage), the high-precision small PT has 0.01-level precision, a voltage sampling resistor and a signal conditioning part are connected behind the high-precision small PT, the voltage signal transformation adopts a light-weight design, and the total load is smaller than 0.25 VA. The voltage acquisition module takes PPS second pulse output by the synchronization module as acquisition trigger, realizes analog-to-digital conversion of voltage signals at set acquisition frequency, extracts voltage characteristic quantity by a high-precision floating point DSP, can extract fundamental wave, third harmonic, fifth harmonic frequency, amplitude and phase of the signals, calculates zero sequence and negative sequence unbalance of the voltage according to a three-phase result, and finally outputs a specific result to the merging module in a serial port mode in a specific frame format, the current acquisition module realizes current transformation, current acquisition and current characteristic quantity extraction, and the current transformation converts rated current output secondarily into small current smaller than the rated current by a high-precision small CT, wherein the high-precision small CT nominally transforms 0.01-level precision, namely, rated 5A/1A current can be converted into 5mA small current, the rear part of the converter is connected with a current sampling resistor and a signal conditioning part, the current signal conversion adopts a light weight design, and the total load is less than 0.25 VA. The current collection is carried out by firstly carrying out analog sampling on a current signal by using a high-precision sampling resistor, then using PPS second pulse output by a synchronization module as collection trigger, realizing analog-to-digital conversion of the current signal by using a set collection frequency, extracting current characteristic quantity by using a high-precision floating point DSP to realize extraction of a current sampling value sequence characteristic value, extracting fundamental wave, third harmonic, fifth harmonic frequency, amplitude and phase of the signal, calculating zero sequence and negative sequence unbalance of the current according to a three-phase result, and finally outputting a specific result to a merging module in a serial port form by using a specific frame format.
In the voltage acquisition and current acquisition stages, the FPGA controls the 24-bit A/D acquisition chip to perform the voltage acquisition and current acquisition. The FPGA reads a PPS signal according to a high-precision high-stability reference clock, the acquisition control of an A/D chip is triggered in the rising time delay of the PPS signal, the A/D chip samples 6 paths of signals at a sampling frequency of 10k/s and transmits the sampling result back to the FPGA in real time, and the FPGA outputs the sampling result through an SPI channel at a frequency of 1 time/s. In the whole sampling process, the sampling of the 6 paths of signals is synchronously carried out.
The high-precision floating point DSP receives and analyzes sampling value datagrams sent by the FPGA through SPI communication, then the DSP calculates fundamental waves, harmonic frequencies, amplitudes and phases of each phase of signals through a windowing interpolation FFT algorithm, the fundamental waves of three-phase voltage/current are processed, and zero-sequence voltage, positive-sequence voltage and negative-sequence voltage can be obtained, so that the unbalance of the zero-sequence voltage and the unbalance of the negative-sequence voltage can be obtained; the windowed interpolation FFT algorithm is implemented as follows: firstly, 1024-point 4-item 3-order Nuttall window windowing interception processing is carried out on time domain discrete sampling numbers, base 2FFT operation is carried out on processed data, a magnitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of signal dispersion can be obtained after the processes of modulus and phase angle are carried out, then the maximum spectral line of the magnitude spectrum and the left spectral line and the right spectral line of the maximum spectral line are found, finally the maximum value point of the signal spectrum is obtained through three spectral line interpolation, and the frequency, the amplitude and the phase of a signal fundamental wave can be obtained. That is, the specific result refers to the maximum spectral line of the amplitude spectrum, and the left and right spectral lines of the maximum spectral line, and finally, the maximum point of the signal spectrum is obtained through three-spectral-line interpolation, i.e. the frequency, the amplitude and the phase of the signal fundamental wave can be obtained; the specific frame format refers to a frame format that can be received by the merging module, and is not described in detail herein.
And a 6 channel (CH1-CH6) of the serial port connection module of the 7 channels is used for receiving an acquisition result output by the acquisition module, and the other 1 channel (CH7) is used for receiving the time service output by the Beidou/GPS receiving module. The control core synchronously processes the acquisition result and the time service time signal. And extracting the acquisition result in the custom protocol data frame in real time through a decoding algorithm, combining the data results of 6 groups into one data frame, finally extracting the current absolute time from the time service time signal, and adding an accurate time scale for the acquisition result.
As shown in fig. 3, the local database terminal is implemented in Java + MySQL, the data uploaded by the data transmission system conforms to the serial RS-232 communication protocol, and the established local database stores historical operation characteristic quantity data of the transformer substation internal operation transformer. The data uploaded by a data transmission system conforms to an RS-232 communication protocol, a receiving module for writing data by using Java is used for receiving serial port data, in order to solve the problem of transmission instability possibly occurring in the data transmission system, a data identification module for writing data by using Java is used for identifying check bits, after identification, the data are classified according to the types of characteristic quantities and stored in a register, then MySQL is called, the data temporarily stored in the register are transferred to a memory, the capacity of the database meets the function of storing 5 almanac history running characteristic quantity data, and the frequency, the initial phase, the effective value, the fundamental component, the third harmonic component, the fifth harmonic component and the voltage unbalance characteristic quantity of a mutual inductor are stored in the database; the local database terminal is internally provided with a state evaluation module and a risk early warning module, and can carry out deep processing on transmission data and evaluate the running error and running risk of the in-transit mutual inductor. The remote transmission is based on GPRS/LTE wireless communication, the two ends of the transmission system adopt special electric DTUs (data transfer units), RS232 serial port data can be converted into TCP (transmission control protocol) data for wireless transmission, and the communication speed is adjustable within the range of 9600-115200 bps; the remote transmission system supports a multi-point system networking mode of a center, realizes a virtual data private network on a network structure, and realizes stable connection of a background system of a metering center and a plurality of transformer substations.
Although the embodiments and the effectiveness of the present invention have been described and verified with reference to the drawings, it is not limited to the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications or variations can be made without inventive efforts based on the technical solutions of the present invention.