CN107860805B - 一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于纳米材料、电化学分析和生物传感器交叉技术领域,具体涉及一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法;采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,将氧化石墨烯与耐尔兰滴涂到玻碳电极表面,采用一步共还原法在电极表面电化学还原沉积金纳米粒和生成还原氧化石墨烯;然后在金纳米粒上连接适体DNA,该适体DNA与多巴胺特异性结合,引起多巴胺和耐尔兰在电极表面有规律的电化学信号响应;拟合多巴胺和耐尔兰电流峰强度比率与多巴胺摩尔浓度之间的线性关系,构建比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器;该传感器制备工艺简单,制备成本低,产品灵敏度高,能够发展成为一种新颖的比率电化学适体传感器,适用于生物样品中多巴胺的高效检测。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于纳米材料、电化学分析和生物科学交叉的传感器技术领域,具体涉及一种基于适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物的比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法,其制备的传感器可用于多巴胺的高效检测。
背景技术:
在现代生物科技领域中,多巴胺是一种重要的儿茶酚胺神经递质分子,主要存在于哺乳动物的脑组织和体液中,它在中枢神经系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统和泌尿系统中都发挥着重要的作用。此外,许多神经系统疾病的症状表现为体内多巴胺浓度的改变,如阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病和帕金森病等。因此,开发一种高效快速检测多巴胺的方法用于临床诊断和治疗多巴胺相关疾病至关重要。与其它分析方法相比,电化学方法具有响应快速、方法简便、成本低廉等优点,因此受到了广泛的关注。然而,由于生物样品中的多巴胺通常与抗坏血酸、尿酸等其它电活性物质共存,而共存物质的浓度比多巴胺的浓度高100~1000倍,因此用电化学方法高效检测生物样品中的多巴胺存在很多困难。有文献报道采用碳纳米材料、金属纳米粒子等纳米材料用作电极修饰材料以区分多巴胺和其它干扰物质的重叠峰,但它们的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性等分析性能并不能完全满足实际应用的要求。因此,开发一种高选择性和高灵敏度的电化学传感器用于生物样品中多巴胺的检测仍然是一个巨大的挑战。
适体是用配体指数富集法系统演化技术从人工体外合成的随机寡核苷酸序列库中反复筛选得到的能以极高亲和力和特异性与靶分子(如小分子、蛋白质甚至细胞)结合的一段寡核苷酸序列,包括RNA、单链DNA或双链DNA;近年来,文献中报道了一些基于适体传感器的分析方法,包括荧光光谱法、比色法、原子力显微镜法、表面等离子体共振法和电化学方法;众多生物、电子等传感器中,电化学适体传感器由于其灵敏度高、检测速度快、方法简单、成本低、并且可在活体中进行检测等优点,受到了广泛的关注。然而,由于受到仪器效率、传感器浓度和环境条件等一些内在和外在因素的影响,利用传统单信号电化学适体传感器检测的再现性、稳定性和可靠性都难以满足实际需要,而具有不同波长或氧化还原电位的双信号比率检测技术由于其良好的自校准功能,采用双峰电流强度比率法作为信号输出可以极大地提高再现性和准确性,已广泛应用于生物分子的荧光检测和电化学发光分析中。经文献检索,基于电化学单一信号检测多巴胺的工作已有报道,例如袁强等报道了一种用于检测多巴胺的PtNi纳米合金电化学传感器(公开号:CN106841355A);刘珂珂等报道了一种检测多巴胺的电化学生物传感器及其制备方法(公开号:CN103149267A)。迄今,尚未有关于利用比率电化学传感器方法来检测多巴胺的相关报道,也未见涉及到本申请技术方案的传感器制备工艺。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺陷,设计一种方法简单、成本低廉、灵敏度高的基于适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物的多巴胺比率电化学适体传感器的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明涉及的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)氧化石墨烯制备:将1.0克石墨加入三口瓶中,滴加25毫升质量浓度98%的浓硫酸碳化石墨,缓慢搅拌24小时,再加入1.5克高锰酸钾,将三口瓶转至冰浴中冷却,继续搅拌30分钟,升温至60℃,搅拌反应45分钟,每间隔15分钟加入3毫升蒸馏水,反应完毕后加入180毫升蒸馏水以终止反应,产物冷却至室温,经过滤、蒸馏水洗涤、干燥沉淀物,得到氧化石墨烯;
(2)氧化石墨烯-耐尔兰修饰的玻碳电极制备:在超声作用下将氧化石墨烯分散在蒸馏水中,然后加入质量浓度为1克/升的耐尔兰形成混合溶液,在室温下将混合溶液滴涂在新抛光的玻碳电极表面,制备出氧化石墨烯-耐尔兰修饰的玻碳电极;
(3)金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物制备:将修饰的玻碳电极插入以质量浓度为1克/升的氯金酸为电解质的磷酸盐电解液中,在一定的电压下扫描一段时间,以便在玻碳电极表面电沉积生成金纳米颗粒,同时氧化石墨烯被电还原成为还原氧化石墨烯;
(4)适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物的制备:通过Au-S键将终端修饰巯基的多巴胺适体DNA单链与金纳米颗粒结合,在玻碳电极表面制备多巴胺适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物,再加入巯基己醇占据剩余的金纳米颗粒表面活性位点;
(5)多巴胺传感器制备:加入不同浓度的多巴胺,使多巴胺与适体特异性结合,在玻碳电极表面形成卷曲缠绕的适体-多巴胺复合物,从而阻碍了耐尔兰电信号在电极表面传输,随着多巴胺浓度增大,多巴胺电流峰强度IDA增大,而耐尔兰电流峰强度INB随之减小,构建比率电流峰强度IDA/INB与多巴胺摩尔浓度之间的线性关系,发展比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器;实现适体传感器的制备,该适体传感器适用于生物流体样品中多巴胺摩尔浓度的高效检测。
步骤(1)中所述的氧化石墨烯的质量纯度为90~95%。
步骤(2)中所述的氧化石墨烯与耐尔兰的质量浓度比为1:5~5:1。
步骤(3)中所述的扫描电压为-2.0V~-0.1V,扫描时间10~180秒;。步骤(4)中所述的多巴胺适体摩尔浓度为1~50微摩/升,巯基己醇摩尔浓度为1~20微摩/升。
步骤(5)中所述的多巴胺浓度为1纳摩/升至1毫摩/升,对多巴胺摩尔浓度的检测极限可达0.1~1纳摩/升。
本发明与现有技术相比,以氧化石墨烯和耐尔兰修饰的玻碳电极为基底,采用一步共还原法在基底表面电化学沉积上金纳米颗粒和电化学还原生成还原氧化石墨烯,通过在金纳米颗粒表面连接多巴胺适体,多巴胺与其适体特异性结合引起多巴胺和耐尔兰电信号有规律的改变,可发展成为用于多巴胺检测的比率电化学适体传感器;其制备工艺简单,制备成本低,产品灵敏度高,能够发展成为一种新颖的比率电化学适体传感器,适用于生物样品中多巴胺的高效检测。
附图说明:
图1为本发明涉及的基于适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备与多巴胺比率电化学信号检测的原理示意图。
图2为本发明涉及的比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器随多巴胺浓度的增大对耐尔蓝和多巴胺电化学信号的响应,以及传感器电流峰强度比率与多巴胺浓度之间的线性关系图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图并通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1:
本实施例基于适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备与多巴胺比率电化学信号检测的原理示意图参见图1所示,将1.0克石墨加入三口瓶中,滴加25毫升浓硫酸碳化石墨,缓慢搅拌24小时,加入1.5克高锰酸钾,将三口瓶转至冰浴中冷却,继续搅拌30分钟,升温至60℃,搅拌反应45分钟,每间隔15分钟加入3毫升蒸馏水,反应完毕后加入180毫升蒸馏水以终止反应,产物冷却至室温,经过滤、蒸馏水洗涤、干燥沉淀物,得到氧化石墨烯;在超声作用下将氧化石墨烯分散在蒸馏水中,然后加入耐尔兰形成混合溶液,其中氧化石墨烯与耐尔兰的质量浓度比为2:1,在室温下将混合溶液滴涂在新抛光的玻碳电极表面,制备出氧化石墨烯-耐尔兰修饰的玻碳电极;将修饰的玻碳电极插入以氯金酸为电解质的磷酸盐电解液中,在一定的电压下扫描一段时间,以便在玻碳电极表面电沉积生成金纳米颗粒,同时氧化石墨烯被电还原成为还原氧化石墨烯,其中扫描电压为-1.0V,扫描时间100秒;通过Au-S键将终端修饰巯基的多巴胺适体DNA单链与金纳米颗粒结合,在玻碳电极表面制备多巴胺适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物,再加入巯基己醇占据剩余的金纳米颗粒表面活性位点,其中多巴胺适体摩尔浓度为20微摩/升,巯基己醇摩尔浓度为20微摩/升;加入不同浓度的多巴胺,使多巴胺与适体特异性结合,在玻碳电极表面形成卷曲缠绕的适体-多巴胺复合物,从而阻碍了耐尔兰电信号在电极表面传输,随着多巴胺浓度增大,多巴胺电流峰强度IDA增大,而耐尔兰电流峰强度INB随之减小,然后构建出比率电流峰强度IDA/INB与DNA摩尔浓度之间的线性关系(参见图2):lg(IDA/INB)=0.3972lgCDA–1.7826(R2=0.9922),发展比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器,其中多巴胺浓度范围为10纳摩/升至0.2毫摩/升,检测极限为1纳摩/升。
实施例2:
本实施例采用Hummers方法制备氧化石墨烯,具体方法同实施例1,然后在超声作用下将氧化石墨烯分散在蒸馏水中,然后加入耐尔兰形成混合溶液,其中氧化石墨烯与耐尔兰的质量浓度比为1:1,在室温下将混合溶液滴涂在新抛光的玻碳电极表面,制备出氧化石墨烯-耐尔兰修饰的玻碳电极;将修饰的玻碳电极插入以氯金酸为电解质的磷酸盐电解液中,在一定的电压下扫描一段时间,以便在玻碳电极表面电沉积生成金纳米颗粒,同时氧化石墨烯被电还原成为还原氧化石墨烯,其中扫描电压为-1.5V,扫描时间120秒;通过Au-S键将终端修饰巯基的多巴胺适体DNA单链与金纳米颗粒结合,在玻碳电极表面制备多巴胺适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物,再加入巯基己醇占据剩余的金纳米颗粒表面活性位点,其中多巴胺适体摩尔浓度为40微摩/升,巯基己醇摩尔浓度为30微摩/升;加入不同浓度的多巴胺,使多巴胺与适体特异性结合,在玻碳电极表面形成卷曲缠绕的适体-多巴胺复合物,从而阻碍了耐尔兰电信号在电极表面传输,随着多巴胺浓度增大,多巴胺电流峰强度IDA增大,而耐尔兰电流峰强度INB随之减小,然后构建出比率电流峰强度IDA/INB与DNA摩尔浓度之间的线性关系,发展比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器,其中多巴胺浓度范围为20纳摩/升至1毫摩/升,检测极限为5纳摩/升。
实施例3:
本实施例采用Hummers方法制备氧化石墨烯,具体方法同实施例1,然后在超声作用下将氧化石墨烯分散在蒸馏水中,然后加入耐尔兰形成混合溶液,其中氧化石墨烯与耐尔兰的质量浓度比为1:2,在室温下将混合溶液滴涂在新抛光的玻碳电极表面,制备出氧化石墨烯-耐尔兰修饰的玻碳电极;将修饰的玻碳电极插入以氯金酸为电解质的磷酸盐电解液中,在一定的电压下扫描一段时间,以便在玻碳电极表面电沉积生成金纳米颗粒,同时氧化石墨烯被电还原成为还原氧化石墨烯,其中扫描电压为-0.5V,扫描时间80秒;通过Au-S键将终端修饰巯基的多巴胺适体DNA单链与金纳米颗粒结合,在玻碳电极表面制备多巴胺适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物,再加入巯基己醇占据剩余的金纳米颗粒表面活性位点,其中多巴胺适体摩尔浓度为10微摩/升,巯基己醇摩尔浓度为20微摩/升;加入不同浓度的多巴胺,使多巴胺与适体特异性结合,在玻碳电极表面形成卷曲缠绕的适体-多巴胺复合物,从而阻碍了耐尔兰电信号在电极表面传输,随着多巴胺浓度增大,多巴胺电流峰强度IDA增大,而耐尔兰电流峰强度INB随之减小,然后构建出比率电流峰强度IDA/INB与DNA摩尔浓度之间的线性关系,发展比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器,其中多巴胺浓度范围为1纳摩/升至0.1毫摩/升,检测极限为0.5纳摩/升。
Claims (6)
1.一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法,其特征在于具体工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)氧化石墨烯制备:将1.0克石墨加入三口瓶中,滴加25毫升质量浓度98%的浓硫酸碳化石墨,缓慢搅拌24小时,再加入1.5克高锰酸钾,将三口瓶转至冰浴中冷却,继续搅拌30分钟,升温至60℃,搅拌反应45分钟,每间隔15分钟加入3毫升蒸馏水,反应完毕后加入180毫升蒸馏水以终止反应,产物冷却至室温,经过滤、蒸馏水洗涤、干燥沉淀物,得到氧化石墨烯;
(2)氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝 修饰的玻碳电极制备:在超声作用下将氧化石墨烯分散在蒸馏水中,然后加入质量浓度为1克/升的耐尔蓝 形成混合溶液,在室温下将混合溶液滴涂在新抛光的玻碳电极表面,制备出氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝 修饰的玻碳电极;
(3)金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物制备:将修饰的玻碳电极插入以质量浓度为1克/升的氯金酸为电解质的磷酸盐电解液中,在一定的电压下扫描一段时间,以便在玻碳电极表面电沉积生成金纳米颗粒,同时氧化石墨烯被电还原成为还原氧化石墨烯;
(4)适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物的制备:通过Au-S键将终端修饰巯基的多巴胺适体DNA单链与金纳米颗粒结合,在玻碳电极表面制备多巴胺适体-金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-耐尔蓝纳米复合物,再加入巯基己醇占据剩余的金纳米颗粒表面活性位点;
(5)多巴胺传感器制备:加入不同浓度的多巴胺,使多巴胺与适体特异性结合,在玻碳电极表面形成卷曲缠绕的适体-多巴胺复合物,从而阻碍了耐尔蓝 电信号在电极表面传输,随着多巴胺浓度增大,多巴胺电流峰强度IDA增大,而耐尔蓝 电流峰强度INB随之减小,构建比率电流峰强度IDA/INB与多巴胺摩尔浓度之间的线性关系,发展比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器;实现适体传感器的制备,该适体传感器适用于生物流体样品中多巴胺摩尔浓度的高效检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的氧化石墨烯的质量纯度为90~95%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的氧化石墨烯与耐尔蓝 的质量浓度比为1:5~5:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的扫描电压为-2.0V~-0.1V,扫描时间10~180秒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的多巴胺适体摩尔浓度为1~50微摩/升,巯基己醇摩尔浓度为1~20微摩/升。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种比率电化学多巴胺适体传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述的多巴胺浓度为1纳摩/升至1毫摩/升,对多巴胺摩尔浓度的检测极限可达0.1~1纳摩/升。
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