CN107853136A - A kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimizes water-saving method - Google Patents
A kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimizes water-saving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107853136A CN107853136A CN201711273459.9A CN201711273459A CN107853136A CN 107853136 A CN107853136 A CN 107853136A CN 201711273459 A CN201711273459 A CN 201711273459A CN 107853136 A CN107853136 A CN 107853136A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, specially a kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimization water-saving method, trunk canal are drawn from water head site, and design is moved towards along highway according to the landform in irrigation water rice field, trunk canal, branch canal, lateral canal carry out channel hardening, and bottom bank protection is built with cement block；The stem of branch canal and lateral canal sets gate；The coastal terrain trend that pulls out in trunk canal runs through whole paddy fields, trunk canal connects branch canal, branch canal connects lateral canal, lateral canal connects upstream rice terrace water inlet, upper water paddy field drainage mouth connects drainage ditch, and the water of drainage ditch is discharged into trunk canal, turns into the irrigation water of downstream rice terrace block, by that analogy, rice terrace draining is reused；Trunk canal carries out central water supply in the rice water phase, and rice is not required to stop supplying water during water.The present invention is selected by canal system optimization, channel leakage preventing technology, draining recharging technique and water supply time, can improve irrigation water using efficiency, reduces water loss.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, specially a kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimization water-saving method.
Background technology
CHINESE FRESHWATER total resources is 28000 billion cubic meters, accounts for the 6% of global water resources, occupies the 4th, the world, but per capita
Water resource only has 2200 cubic metres, only the 1/4 of world average level, ranks 125 in the world, is 13, whole world water per capita
One of poorest country of resource.The available freshwater resources amount of reality of China is then less, only 11000 billion cubic meters or so,
Available water resources amount is about 900 cubic metres per capita, and its distributed pole is unbalanced, using water wisely, improves water utilization rate
It is the necessary behave for alleviating severe water crisis.
China's rice surface-water irrigation area accounts for the 50% of rice cropping area, and a feature of surface-water irrigation is will profit
Irrigated with terrain, according to the concrete condition of locality, from water head site to the length of rice terrace feed ditch, feed ditch according to
Its function is divided into dry, branch, bucket, hair, agriculture again, northern area majority engineering irrigation be all irrigation by pumping, it is necessary to more water pumps simultaneously
From water head site water lift to trunk canal, each distributing canal is then redistributed to, because water delivery process is grown, moisture seepage in feed ditch, feed ditch
Irrigation water using efficiency is generally 30~40% or so, because irrigation water using efficiency is low, irrigation cost increase, meanwhile, irrigation water pair
Environment causes certain pollution.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve above-mentioned deficiency, there is provided a kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimizes water-saving method, solution
The problem of certainly irrigation water using efficiency is low in rice cropping, agricultural non-point source pollution is serious, reaches high-efficient water use, mitigate agricultural area source dirt
The purpose of dye.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme：
A kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimizes water-saving method, including procedure below：
(1) canal system optimization, trunk canal are drawn from water head site, are set according to the landform in irrigation water rice field along highway trend
Meter, trunk canal, branch canal, lateral canal carry out channel hardening, and bottom bank protection is built with cement block；The stem in trunk canal, branch canal and lateral canal sets gate；
(2) draining recharge is irrigate：Paddy fields are divided into upstream rice terrace and downstream rice terrace according to physical features；From head works diversion
The coastal terrain trend that pulls out in trunk canal run through whole paddy fields, trunk canal connection branch canal, branch canal connection lateral canal, lateral canal connection upstream
Rice terrace water inlet, upper water paddy field drainage mouth connection drainage ditch, the water of drainage ditch are discharged into trunk canal, turn into downstream rice terrace block
Irrigation water, by that analogy, rice terrace draining is reused；
(3) batch (-type) supplies water：Trunk canal carries out central water supply in the rice water phase, and rice is not required to stop supplying water during water.
A kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimization water-saving method provided by the invention, passes through canal system optimization, canal
Road leakage preventing technology, draining recharging technique and water supply time selection, can improve irrigation water using efficiency, it is often more important that reduce moisture
It is lost in, mitigates agricultural non-point source pollution, safeguard agricultural sustainable development, economic benefit and ecological benefits are notable.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
Experiment in 2016~2017 years is completed on the farm of Heilongjiang Province 857, and there are Chaoyang irrigated area and small Xing Kai in 857 farms
Hubei irrigated area Liang Ge irrigated areas, Chaoyang irrigated area are established in 1953, and 5.6 ten thousand mu of paddy field irrigating, feed ditch original head works uses enrockment
Dam blocks the water intaking of Muleng river, more than 40 years of engineering operation, several times damaged or destroyed by flood, silt up, diversion is difficult, and water resource waste is serious, in order to protect
Rice water supply requirement in irrigated area is demonstrate,proved, Chaoyang irrigated area head works reconstruction project is approved as small-sized agriculture in 2000 by land reclamation and cultivation general bureau of Heilongjiang Province
Water in field profit major project.
New head works is located at the former km of head works downstream 4,17 kilometers away from 857 Farm portion.By barrage rubber dam, water inlet
Lock and bank slope protection three parts composition.Barrage is Water-filled Rubber Dam, and design standard is met for 20 years one, checks standard a century one
Meet, design 2280 cubes of meter per seconds of water flow, check 4410 cubes of meter per seconds of water flow.To ensure head works and Muleng river riverbed
It is stable, 311 meters of side rubber dam upstream of He Nan banks water intaking, 206 meters of downstream part, using dry stone pitching in Muleng.
Test method：Using simulated test, 2, water channel is set by rice terrace, and water channel cross section is trapezoidal, lower bottom width
0.5 meter, upper 1 meter of bottom width is deep 0.8 meter；Every water channel grows 50 meters, and every water channel fills water for 30 tons, wherein one is mud canal,
One is built bottom and side with cement block；According to the actual conditions of Rice irrigation, once pour water about 10~15 days, therefore, by two
Water is filled in water channel, the depth of every 10 days measure channel waters, METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 60 days, is every time filled it up with channel water amount after measure, with
This calculates channel water leakage, is finally converted into irrigation water using efficiency.
Processing 1：Cement block builds the feed ditch on bottom and side；
Processing 2：Mud bottom feed ditch.
Irrigation water using efficiency refers to that a certain period pours into field can be total by the water of crop utilization and water head site irrigation draught
The ratio (%) of amount, is represented with η.Irrigation water using efficiency=water/trunk canal head works into field enters water inventory × 100%；It
Reflect full irrigated area canal system water delivery and field aqueous condition, irrigated during measurement absorbs from water source water intaking to field crops
One important indicator of water producing level, can concentrated expression Irrigation Project Design engineering situation, management of the use of water level, irrigation technique water
It is flat.
Result of the test：
First, canal system leak test result
Test the irrigation water using efficiency in each processing trunk canal：
Table 1 respectively handles moisture leakage (unit in water channel：Ton/10 days)
Table 2 respectively handles water channel irrigation water using efficiency (unit：%)
In Rice Production, it is 10 days to 15 days to concentrate irrigation time every time, and this experiment, for unit, determined feed ditch with 10 days
The leakage (ton/10 day) of reclaimed water, is converted into irrigation water using efficiency (%), the results showed that, the feed ditch irrigation water after processing is used
Rate improves more than 50% than before processing.In addition, the present invention's sets gate in branch canal head works, moreover it is possible to rice farmer broad irrigation is prevented,
Make it possible water-efficient irrigation.
2nd, result of the test is irrigate in agricultural drain recharge
Test each processing irrigation water nitrogen and phosphorus content
Result of the test shows that 7 times higher than river or so of total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus of rice field discharge water are high 1.6 times, are shown in Table 3.
Total nitrogen total phosphorus content (mg/L) in irrigation water in the breeding time of table 3
Test each processing rice seedling examination data
Test and tree characteristics has been investigated in seedling stage, the rice that paddy field water is irrigated is more prosperous than the rice seedling growth of river-water irrigation
Contain, rice tillering number improves, and plant weights increase, is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 tests each processing rice seedling tree characteristics examination data
Test influence of each processing to Rice Yield Structure and yield
During rice harves, each 30 plants of trial zone continuous sampling, yield traits investigation, a kind of rice terrace of the invention are carried out
Surface-water irrigation canal system optimization water-saving method can increase square metre spike number, grain number per spike, mass of 1000 kernel and the grain weight per panicle of rice；In examination
To test in each processing in area and randomly select at 3 points, often click 20 square metres, rice harves is surveyed and produced, yield result shows, by
Good in Seedling Quality in Rice, anti-blue or green fast after rice transplanting, rice yield improves than control, a kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation of the invention
Canal system optimization water-saving method averagely increases production 4.19% than conventional method, puts down and receives 395.7 kilograms/hectare, by 2.83 yuan of rice price/
Kilogram calculate, averagely increase income 1127 yuan/hectare, be shown in Table 5.
Table 5 tests influence of each processing to Rice Yield Structure
In summary, using obtained by the embodiment of the present invention a kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimize water-saving method with
Conventional method is compared, and total nitrogen total phosphorus content is high in irrigation water, and more nitrogen phosphorus nutrients can be provided for rice, is reduced fertilizer amount, is carried
High Seedling Quality in Rice, obvious effect of increasing production.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright specification and embodiment content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other correlations
Technical field, it is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimizes water-saving method, it is characterised in that including procedure below：
(1) trunk canal is drawn from water head site, moves towards design along highway according to the landform in irrigation water rice field, trunk canal, branch canal, lateral canal enter
Row channel is hardened, and bottom bank protection is built with cement block；The stem of branch canal and lateral canal sets gate；
(2) paddy fields are divided into upstream rice terrace and downstream rice terrace according to physical features；Risen sheer from level ground from the trunk canal of head works diversion is coastal
Gesture trend runs through whole paddy fields, trunk canal connection branch canal, and branch canal connects lateral canal, and lateral canal connects upstream rice terrace water inlet,
Upper water paddy field drainage mouth connects drainage ditch, and the water of drainage ditch is discharged into trunk canal, turns into the irrigation water of downstream rice terrace block, with this
Analogize, rice terrace draining is reused；
(3) trunk canal carries out central water supply in the rice water phase, and rice is not required to stop supplying water during water.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711273459.9A CN107853136A (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | A kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimizes water-saving method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711273459.9A CN107853136A (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | A kind of rice terrace surface-water irrigation canal system optimizes water-saving method |
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| CN107853136A true CN107853136A (en) | 2018-03-30 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111501697A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Optimized water-saving method for surface water irrigation canal system of paddy field |
| CN116043793A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-05-02 | 纪伟 | Irrigation area canal system hydrodynamic force regulation and control method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104452654A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigation terraced field design with ecological idea |
| CN205329652U (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-06-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigated area canal system system |
| CN107223544A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-10-03 | 中苏科技股份有限公司 | A kind of irrigation control system and control method of irrigation based on open channel |
-
2017
- 2017-12-06 CN CN201711273459.9A patent/CN107853136A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104452654A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigation terraced field design with ecological idea |
| CN205329652U (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-06-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigated area canal system system |
| CN107223544A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-10-03 | 中苏科技股份有限公司 | A kind of irrigation control system and control method of irrigation based on open channel |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111501697A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Optimized water-saving method for surface water irrigation canal system of paddy field |
| CN116043793A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-05-02 | 纪伟 | Irrigation area canal system hydrodynamic force regulation and control method |
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