CN107848897A - Wet friction material - Google Patents

Wet friction material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107848897A
CN107848897A CN201680044689.5A CN201680044689A CN107848897A CN 107848897 A CN107848897 A CN 107848897A CN 201680044689 A CN201680044689 A CN 201680044689A CN 107848897 A CN107848897 A CN 107848897A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wet friction
friction material
fibre reinforced
carbon
composite
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201680044689.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
西蒙·什皮特科
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
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SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of CN107848897A publication Critical patent/CN107848897A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
    • C04B35/6267—Pyrolysis, carbonisation or auto-combustion reactions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins

Abstract

The present invention relates to the wet friction material for including sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite, the composite contains the textile fabric made of carbon fiber at least one embedded plastic matrix, the wet friction material is characterised by that the surface for wet friction of the carbon fibre reinforced composite is at least carbonized in the region from the surface to limited depth.The invention further relates to the method for producing the wet friction material.

Description

Wet friction material
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wet friction material made of carbon fibre reinforced composite and the production wet friction material Method.
Background technology
Wet friction coating or wet friction material are used for wet friction element, in the wet friction element humid medium for example oil from The friction surface of friction object removes hot as caused by CONTACT WITH FRICTION.The wet friction member of known general-purpose from the 993A of US5 662 Part, the 993A of US5 662 are related to the friction material made of the woven fabric of resin submergence, and it is woven from by carbon fiber.
The 310B1 of EP 1 505 of applicant from the application in itself also illustrate general wet friction material, its due to Special surface structuration and with improved humid medium turbulent behavior.
Made of carbon fibre reinforced plastic material (CFRP) wet friction material be characterised by its high stability and its by The high-termal conductivity caused by carbon fiber, particularly compared with the material made of glass fiber reinforced plastic material (GFRP). However, these materials are disadvantageous in that they have high static friction, this causes starting torque to increase and damages " green Commutability ".
The test carried out by applicant of the present invention made of carbon-fiber reinforced carbon (CFRC) it has been shown that be pyrolyzed friction Wet friction material made of coating, as described in the 716A of US 5 895, in static friction and other frictions compared with CFRP friction materials It is favourable in terms of characteristic.However, it is in terms of wearability of these materials in the service life of wet friction element and unfavorable, Because while CFRC materials are substantially highly stable and have high rigidity, but this rigidity also cause material very fragile and It is frangible.
Therefore it is an object of the invention to provide with known friction material compared with terms of frictional property and wearability favorably it is wet Friction material.
The content of the invention
The purpose by especially and exclusively on the friction coatings surface for friction be carbonized CFRP friction coatings come Realize.Therefore the CFRP materials are only carbonized to a certain depth on friction coatings and discontinuously pass through whole CFRP materials Material.
Therefore an aspect of of the present present invention is to include the wet friction material of sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite, the composite wood Material is characterised by containing the textile fabric made of carbon fiber at least one embedded plastic matrix, the wet friction material Carbon fibre reinforced composite surface for wet friction is at least carbonized in the region from a surface to limited depth.
As being still under the carburising surface of the wet friction material i.e. in the direction away from the surface for being used to rub The result of initial CFRP materials, the wet friction material are not losing its any wearability actually during normal operation, simultaneously The positive frictional behavior of CFRC materials can be utilized.This is not predictable under this form, because it has to be assumed that to resistance to The adverse effect of mill property.
All known sheet-like textile structures can be considered for the textile fabric made of carbon fiber.Except starting to carry Outside the woven fabric described in disclosure arrived, knitted fabric, braid, crocheted fabrics, pile made of carbon fiber can be used Fabric and paper.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface is carbonized the depth up to 5 μm to 1000 μm, and preferably 20 μm extremely 500 μm, more preferably 40 μm to 350 μm, particularly preferred 100 μm to 200 μm, it is compound that the depth is less than the sheet fibre reinforced The gross thickness of material.
According to purposes, the surface that is carbonized can be sufficiently thin so that the carbon of the only the top of plastic matrix is fine Dimension exposure, this corresponds to about 5 μm to 15 μm of depth.Carbonization is deeper, or the carburization zone on the wet friction element surface is thicker, Then frictional behavior becomes better.Frictional behavior does not significantly improve from about 100 μm of depth., should in order to ensure wearability simultaneously Pay attention to ensuring that the layer of CFRP materials is sufficiently thick.Therefore, the surface is particularly preferably carbonized the depth up to 100 μm to 200 μm.
The gross thickness of the sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite can be according to the difference of the purposes of the wet friction material And it is different, and be therefore not particularly limited.Preferably, the thickness of the sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite is 0.2 to 5mm, more It is preferred that 0.25 to 2mm, and even more preferably 0.3 to 1mm.
Preferably, at least in the 0.1mm of thickness of the sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite, the plastic matrix is not It is carbonized.This ensures that the material is sufficiently stable.It is highly preferred that i.e. wherein sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite is still for non-carburization zone Thickness using layer existing for CFRP states is at least 0.2mm and even more preferably 0.3mm.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the 10% to 100% of the surface, preferential 20% to 100%, more preferably 30% to 90% is carbonized.If stability and wearability are especially important for the associated uses of the wet friction material, such as In especially heavily stressed friction coatings are subjected to, then the surface being only carbonized in region is favourable.Such as, but not limited to, institute It can be regular pattern to state and be carbonized region, such as with one close to one.The abrasion on CFRC surfaces is distributed to by this simultaneously Whole friction surface, and be therefore also distributed on the region on CFRC surfaces, this generally causes improved frictional behaviour.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the textile fabric includes the woven fabric made of carbon fiber.Woven fabric Feature can cause to form groove on the surface of the wet friction material particularly in its structure, thus, it is possible to control humid medium Overflow.This effect can optionally be set according to the type such as twills of fabric.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the plastic matrix includes and is selected from cured epoxy resin and cured phenolic tree At least one plastic material of fat, preferably phenolic resin.Such to be advantageous in that, phenolic resin especially has in the carbonized High carbon residual.Have found, finer and close carbon matrix improves frictional behavior, and especially increases coefficient of friction.
Another aspect of the present invention is the method for producing the wet friction material of the present invention.All about of the invention first The feature that aspect is mentioned can be suitably with Combination of Methods explained hereinafter, and vice versa.The method according to the invention is related to life The method for producing wet friction material, it is comprised the steps of：
A) textile fabric made of carbon fiber is provided,
B) textile fabric is impregnated using plastics precursor,
C) solidify the plastics precursor at least in part and obtain the carbon fibre reinforced composite being at least partially cured,
D) carbon being at least partially cured on the carbon fibre reinforced composite surface for wet friction described in carbonization is fine Dimension enhancing composite, and
If e) carbon fibre reinforced composite is only partially cured, the plastics precursor is fully cured.
The mode that the textile fabric is provided according to step a) is not particularly limited.Such as, but not limited to, the weaving Fabric can be manufactured directly by carbon fiber.The fabric may also be manufactured by the precursor fiber from carbon fiber, for example, it is but unlimited In polyacrylonitrile fibre or the polyacrylonitrile fibre of stabilisation (oxidation).
Preferably, it is used as the plastics precursor in step b) using epoxy resin or phenolic resin.So the advantages of, is upper Text discussed.
The dipping process can be carried out according to all known dipping methods in principle.Preferably, the textile fabric By thorough impregnation, to increase the homogeneity of subsequent composite and stability as much as possible.
In process in accordance with the present invention c), the textile fabric impregnated with plastics precursor can be fully cured or only part Ground solidifies.In situation below, prepreg is obtained, it more can when the plastics precursor is fully cured compared with resulting materials Enough it is formed.
Another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the surface are at least carbonized simultaneously according to step d) in region And reach 5 μm to 1000 μm of the depth in the region, 20 μm to 500 μm of the depth in preferably described region, more preferably described area 40 μm to 350 μm of the depth in domain, and particularly preferably 100 μm to 200 μm of the depth in the region.On first party of the present invention The respective explanations in face are applied to this.
Preferably, 10% to 100%, preferential 30% to 100% of the surface described in step d), more preferably 40% to 90% is carbonized.Respective explanations on first aspect present invention are applied to this.
Another embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is carbonized by way of laser irradiation and occurs.By using sharp Light irradiation, it is possible to very thin layer is only carbonized to the depth accurately limited, because energy input is very accurate, and it is described The sufficiently fast of carbonization generation makes it possible to avoid other undesired carbonizations caused by the heat dissipation in object.This is in carbon Also surprisedly worked in fibre reinforced composites.Because the heat conductivity of carbon fiber is such high so that must It must assume that described be carbonized continues across the whole thickness of the wet friction material.But situation is really not so.In this case, The type of laser is not particularly limited.Such as CO can be used2Laser.
Temperature needed for carbonization is generally between 600 DEG C and 1000 DEG C.But for passing through the laser according to hereafter example The carbonization that radiation modality is carried out, carbonation depth increase suddenly from about 800 DEG C of temperature.Therefore, since about this temperature, Carbonation depth can not be efficiently controlled again.In this case, the required temperature that is carbonized is preferably between 600 DEG C and 780 DEG C.This Another advantage of individual temperature range is that only matrix is carbonized and carbon fiber will not change in structure.
However, it is possible to use any other suitable procedures are carbonized.But according to the present invention, in conventional silicon carbide stove In the carbonization or partially carbonized of the sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite does not occur because this in its whole thickness equably The composite portions are carbonized or carbonization.Unless take measures to ensure that the sheet fibre reinforced is answered in stove One surface of condensation material is not carbonized, and otherwise can not realize the advantage of the present invention.However, in this case, without using normal Advise carbide furnace.
In the context of the present invention, term " carbonization " and term " pyrolysis " are synonyms.It is known to those skilled in the art that It is described that both occur at elevated temperatures.In addition, carbonization preferably occurs in an inert atmosphere.This is favourable, because in carbon Caused carbon is largely not oxidized during change, and is not therefore corroded.
Another embodiment of the method according to the invention, textile fabric or partially cured fibre reinforced through dipping Composite is at least compressed under stress after step b).
This compression is routinely realized by way of mechanical compaction.This compacting can be in the plastics precursor at least portion Divide before and during solidification and occur.It is possible to, alternatively or additionally, the prepreg being carbonized on the surface is in the plastics The pressing step is undergone before precursor is fully cured and/or simultaneously.In principle, the pressing step can after immersion simultaneously Any time untill the carbon fibre reinforced composite is fully cured occurs.However, routinely, for practical reasons Pressing step does not occur during carbonization.The stability of the wet friction material is added according to the compression of the embodiment.
Another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the carbon fibre reinforced composite quilt being at least partially cured Put on substrate.The substrate can be different according to purposes and form differently.It is basically as the branch for wet friction coating Timbering material works, and is intended to be located in final product according to the wet friction material of the present invention on the backing material.For example, but Be not limited to, according to the present invention wet friction material can be used in for example synchronous ring of clutch such as multidisc clutch and taper Clutch.In this case, corresponding substrate is typically constructed of metal.(step can be at least partially cured in the material C) any time after is applied in the substrate.However, the material be preferably only carbonized on the surface it is after-applied In the substrate.This prevent as the possibility caused by the high temperature occurred during carbonization to being connected between friction material and substrate Infringement.Because due to the high thermal conductivity of carbon fiber, caused heat transfer is described in during the carbonization on the surface The whole thickness of wet friction coating is to the connection between friction material and substrate.The type for applying or connecting is not limited especially System.Routinely, the wet friction material is applied in the substrate by way of bonding.
The preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the compression is carried out before carbonization, and after carbonization Wet friction material is put on into substrate.This order has many advantages during flow in the sense that material process.If in addition, Step is only compressed in the carbonized, then unless carefully handling, otherwise can damage carburization zone.
Embodiment
Embodiment：
In order to produce the wet friction material of the present invention, as the first step, production has 270g/m2Per unit area weight With the woven fabric made of carbon fiber of 900 μ m thicks.The woven fabric is impregnated with phenolic resin systems, then solid at 150 DEG C Change.
Use the CO with 100mW power2Thus laser illuminated surface is simultaneously carbonized the depth up to 150 μm.Using simple Scratch test and test carbonation depth because more fragile carburization zone can be removed from the CFRP under it.
Time of the part on the surface under laser irradiation is longer, then surface becomes hotter.Use infrared technique Gained temperature can be measured simultaneously.Carbonation depth is shown in following table to the dependence of temperature in the embodiment.
Temperature Scratch depth (corresponds to carbonation depth)
650℃ 48μm
750℃ 103μm
850℃ 504μm

Claims (14)

1. wet friction material, it includes sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite, and the composite contains at least one embedded modeling Expect the textile fabric made of carbon fiber in matrix, the wet friction material is characterised by, the carbon fiber for wet friction Enhancing composite material surface is at least carbonized in the region from the surface to limited depth.
2. wet friction material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the surface is carbonized the depth up to 5 μm to 1000 μm, The depth is less than the gross thickness of the sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite.
3. according to the wet friction material of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the sheet carbon fibre reinforced composite has 0.2mm to 5mm thickness.
4. according to the wet friction material of any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that the plastic matrix is fine in the sheet carbon The thickness of dimension enhancing composite is not carbonized at least in 0.1mm.
5. according to the wet friction material of any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that the 10% to 100% of the surface is by carbon Change.
6. according to the wet friction material of any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that the textile fabric includes woven fabric.
7. according to the wet friction material of any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that the plastic matrix is included selected from solidification ring Oxygen tree fat and phenolic resin cured at least one plastic material.
8. the method for producing wet friction material, methods described comprise the steps of：
A) textile fabric made of carbon fiber is provided,
B) textile fabric is impregnated using plastics precursor,
C) solidify the plastics precursor at least in part and obtain the carbon fibre reinforced composite being at least partially cured,
D) carbon fiber being at least partially cured on the carbon fibre reinforced composite surface for wet friction described in carbonization increases Strong composite, and
If e) carbon fibre reinforced composite is only partially cured, the plastics precursor is fully cured.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the surface is at least carbonized in region and up to 5 μm to 1000 μm depth.
10. according to the method for claim 8 or 9, it is characterised in that the 10% to 100% of surface is by carbon described in step d) Change.
11. according to the method for any one of claim 8 to 10, it is characterised in that carbonization is occurred by way of laser irradiation.
12. according to the method for any one of claim 8 to 11, it is characterised in that carbonization occurs in an inert atmosphere.
13. according to the method for any one of claim 8 to 12, it is characterised in that methods described includes at least to exist afterwards in step b) Textile fabric or partially cured carbon fibre reinforced composite of the compression through dipping under pressure.
14. according to the method for any one of claim 8 to 13, it is characterised in that by the fibre reinforced being at least partially cured Composite puts on substrate.
CN201680044689.5A 2015-07-30 2016-07-27 Wet friction material Pending CN107848897A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015214496.8 2015-07-30
DE102015214496.8A DE102015214496A1 (en) 2015-07-30 2015-07-30 Nassreibmaterial
PCT/EP2016/067870 WO2017017125A1 (en) 2015-07-30 2016-07-27 Wet-friction material

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CN107848897A true CN107848897A (en) 2018-03-27

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EP (1) EP3328814A1 (en)
KR (1) KR20180031759A (en)
CN (1) CN107848897A (en)
DE (1) DE102015214496A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017017125A1 (en)

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EP3328814A1 (en) 2018-06-06
WO2017017125A1 (en) 2017-02-02
KR20180031759A (en) 2018-03-28
DE102015214496A1 (en) 2017-02-02

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Application publication date: 20180327