CN107845470A - 一种打印机用永磁体 - Google Patents

一种打印机用永磁体 Download PDF

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CN107845470A
CN107845470A CN201711302360.7A CN201711302360A CN107845470A CN 107845470 A CN107845470 A CN 107845470A CN 201711302360 A CN201711302360 A CN 201711302360A CN 107845470 A CN107845470 A CN 107845470A
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permanent magnet
printer
melting
temperature
rare
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万金钢
王伟
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Wuhan Friendship Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0555—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0557—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种打印机用永磁体，包括以下步骤：准备通过HDDR法进行制造并具有平均晶体粒径为0.1μm以上1μm以下的再结晶集合组织的R‑T‑B系永磁体粉末，将步骤1)中所得合金在真空感应电炉内熔炼，熔炼的真空度为10‑3Pa，水冷铜模浇注，所得到的合金锭，在氮气、氩气保护下经粗碎、中碎、磨粉到3‑6μm。本发明的有益效果：钐、钴和其它金属稀土材料经配比的合金具有高磁能积、极低的温度系数。

Description

一种打印机用永磁体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种永磁体，具体涉及一种打印机用永磁体。
背景技术
总部位于达拉斯的动量技术公司已经获得了橡树岭国家实验室的3D打印技术许可，并计划生产第一个由可再生材料制成的3d打印磁铁，用于电动汽车、风力涡轮机和高速铁路。稀土家族是来自镧系的15个元素，加上与镧系相关密切的钪和钇共17种元素。它们是：镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钪、钇。其中重要的一个功用就是永磁，钕(Nd)金属钕的最大用户是钕铁硼永磁材料。钕铁硼永磁体的问世，为稀土高科技领域注入了新的生机与活力。钕铁硼磁体磁能积高，被称作当代“永磁之王”，以其优异的性能广泛用于电子、机械等行业，但是现有的汝铁硼永磁体随着科技的发展，航空航天、国防军事等应用领域的不断进步，汝铁硼永磁体的工作温度渐渐达不到要求。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种打印机用永磁体的制备工艺，以在原有的汝铁硼永磁体的效果下增加其磁性性能，提高其在高温工作环境下的温度性能。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
1.本发明提供了一种打印机用永磁体，包括包括以下组分：
R-T-B系永磁体粉末，R为相对于R整体含有95原子％以上的Nd和/或Pr的稀土类元素，T为Fe或将Fe的一部分取代为Co和/或Ni的、含有50原子％以上的Fe的过渡金属元素；Sm，Co按SmCo5或Sm、Co、Fe、Cu、Zr按Sm(CoFeCuZr)z(Z＝7.4-8.3)的配比。
进一步，所述R-T-B系永磁体粉末不含Dy和Tb。
本发明的技术方案中，Dy和Tb具有较高的矫顽力提高效果，但是，这些元素是稀有资源，为昂贵的元素。因此，强烈希望将Dy和Tb的使用量抑制在最小限度并且能够提高HDDR磁粉的矫顽力。钐钴磁铁又称钐钴磁钢，钐钴永磁体，钐钴永久磁铁，稀土钴永磁等。是由钐、钴和其它金属稀土材料经配比，溶炼成合金，经粉碎、压型、烧结后制成的一种磁性材料，具有高磁能积、极低的温度系数，最高工作温度可达350℃，负温不限，在工作温度180℃以上时，其最大磁能积及温度稳定性和化学稳定性均超过钕铁硼永磁材料。具有很强的抗腐蚀和抗氧化性，由于材料稀缺，现在普通汝铁硼永磁体中，能够大大提高其最大磁能积和温度稳定性。
本发明的有益效果：钐、钴和其它金属稀土材料经配比的合金具有高磁能积、极低的温度系数，最高工作温度可达350℃，负温不限，在工作温度180℃以上时，其最大磁能积及温度稳定性和化学稳定性均超过钕铁硼永磁材料。具有很强的抗腐蚀和抗氧化性，由于材料稀缺，现在普通汝铁硼永磁体中，能够大大提高其最大磁能积和温度稳定性本发明对现有的汝铁硼制造工艺进行改进，在制备过程中加入钐钴材料，并在制造工艺中加入各种温度的不同高温处理，大大增强了其在高温环境下的最大磁能积和温度稳定性。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明提供一种打印机用永磁体的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：步骤1：准备通过HDDR法进行制造并具有平均晶体粒径为0.1μm以上1μm以下的再结晶集合组织的R-T-B系永磁体粉末，R为相对于R整体含有95原子％以上的Nd和/或Pr的稀土类元素，T为Fe或将Fe的一部分取代为Co和/或Ni的、含有50原子％以上的Fe的过渡金属元素。
步骤2：将纯度大于99.9％的Sm，Co按SmCo5或Sm、Co、Fe、Cu、Zr按Sm(CoFeCuZr)z(Z＝7.4-8.3)的配比配置好后放于电弧炉内，抽真空到10-3Pa或以上，然后通入0.8-1.2大气压的高纯度氩气，在氩气的保护下反复熔炼3-4次得到成分均匀的合金铸锭。
步骤3：将步骤1)中所得合金在真空感应电炉内熔炼，熔炼的真空度为10-3Pa，水冷铜模浇注，所得到的合金锭，在氮气、氩气保护下经粗碎、中碎、磨粉到3-6μm。
步骤4：将步骤2)中所得合金铸锭进行高温处理，后将步骤3)中所得粉末加入搅拌均匀。
步骤5：将搅拌均匀的粉末在1.2-1.5T磁场中取向，在1-3吨/cm2压力下成形，所得到毛坯块径1250℃～1056℃烧结保温2h，固溶后，风冷到室温，时效温度900～350℃保温3h后淬火水冷。
实施例2
本发明提供一种打印机用永磁体的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：准备通过HDDR法进行制造并具有平均晶体粒径为0.1μm以上1μm以下的再结晶集合组织的R-T-B系永磁体粉末，R为相对于R整体含有95原子％以上的Nd和/或Pr的稀土类元素，T为Fe或将Fe的一部分取代为Co和/或Ni的、含有50原子％以上的Fe的过渡金属元素。
步骤2：将纯度大于99.9％的Sm，Co按SmCo5或Sm、Co、Fe、Cu、Zr按Sm(CoFeCuZr)z(Z＝7.4-8.3)的配比配置好后放于电弧炉内，抽真空到10-3Pa或以上，然后通入0.8-1.2大气压的高纯度氩气，在氩气的保护下反复熔炼3-4次得到成分均匀的合金铸锭。
步骤3：将步骤1)中所得合金在真空感应电炉内熔炼，熔炼的真空度为10-3Pa，水冷铜模浇注，所得到的合金锭，在氮气、氩气保护下经粗碎、中碎、磨粉到3-6μm。
步骤4：将步骤2)中所得合金铸锭进行快淬处理后，再进行高温处理，后将步骤3)中所得粉末加入搅拌均匀。
步骤5：将搅拌均匀的粉末在1.2-1.5T磁场中取向，在1-3吨/cm2压力下成形，所得到毛坯块径1250℃～1056℃烧结保温2h，固溶后，风冷到室温，时效温度900～350℃保温3h后淬火水冷。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种打印机用永磁体，其特征在于包括以下组分：
R-T-B系永磁体粉末，R为相对于R整体含有95原子％以上的Nd和/或Pr的稀土类元素，T为Fe或将Fe的一部分取代为Co和/或Ni的、含有50原子％以上的Fe的过渡金属元素；Sm，Co按SmCo5或Sm、Co、Fe、Cu、Zr按Sm(CoFeCuZr)z(Z＝7.4-8.3)的配比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种打印机用永磁体，其特征在于，所述R-T-B系永磁体粉末不含Dy和Tb。
CN201711302360.7A 2017-12-10 2017-12-10 一种打印机用永磁体 Pending CN107845470A (zh)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101477863A (zh) * 2008-01-02 2009-07-08 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 一种钐-钴系磁粉及其制备方法
CN103295770A (zh) * 2013-06-25 2013-09-11 李超 一种复合粘结永磁体的制备方法
CN104759628A (zh) * 2015-01-26 2015-07-08 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 一种耐高温烧结NdFeB永磁材料的制备方法
CN105469918A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-06 江苏大学 一种高电阻率复合永磁体及其制备方法
CN106298136A (zh) * 2016-10-10 2017-01-04 北京工业大学 一种热变形法制备掺杂PrCu合金的NdFeB/SmCo5复合永磁体的方法
WO2017001868A1 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-01-05 The University Of Birmingham Magnet production

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101477863A (zh) * 2008-01-02 2009-07-08 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 一种钐-钴系磁粉及其制备方法
CN103295770A (zh) * 2013-06-25 2013-09-11 李超 一种复合粘结永磁体的制备方法
CN104759628A (zh) * 2015-01-26 2015-07-08 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 一种耐高温烧结NdFeB永磁材料的制备方法
WO2017001868A1 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-01-05 The University Of Birmingham Magnet production
CN105469918A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-06 江苏大学 一种高电阻率复合永磁体及其制备方法
CN106298136A (zh) * 2016-10-10 2017-01-04 北京工业大学 一种热变形法制备掺杂PrCu合金的NdFeB/SmCo5复合永磁体的方法

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