CN107843460B - Micro-plastic sampling system and method in seawater - Google Patents
Micro-plastic sampling system and method in seawater Download PDFInfo
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- CN107843460B CN107843460B CN201711280868.1A CN201711280868A CN107843460B CN 107843460 B CN107843460 B CN 107843460B CN 201711280868 A CN201711280868 A CN 201711280868A CN 107843460 B CN107843460 B CN 107843460B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of micro plastic sampling, and discloses a micro plastic sampling system and a method in seawater. The technical scheme can collect the microplastic in the water body on site, quantitatively enrich the microplastic in the water body with a large sample, and can be used for laboratory analysis and detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seawater micro-plastic sampling device and method, belongs to the field of marine environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a seawater micro-plastic sampling system and method.
Background
Microplastic (Microplastics) is a new type of environmental pollutant that has been of great interest in recent years, and at present, there is no international standard for the definition of Microplastics, generally referring to plastic chips or plastic particles with a particle size of less than 5 mm. The microplastic has relatively stable property, small particle size, low density, large specific surface area and strong hydrophobicity, can exist in the environment for a long time, and can migrate along with external force, thus being an ideal carrier for numerous hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals. When the micro plastic is eaten by plankton, fish and the like by mistake, the micro plastic can stay in organisms for a long time, is transferred and enriched in a food network, and finally can be eaten by human beings through a food chain, thereby seriously affecting the marine ecosystem and human health. The micro plastic in the seawater sample has low abundance and can be detected only by pretreatment methods such as concentration, enrichment and the like. At present, the device and method for collecting the microplastic in the water sample are not standardized, and sampling is generally carried out by adopting a trawl mode, or a large amount of water sample is collected and analyzed after filtration in a laboratory. Because the most used filter screen of trawl sampling mode is the plastic net, causes the contamination easily, can't ensure the water sample volume accuracy of sampling, also can't accomplish fixed point sampling, can not lead out the sample of gathering completely after the sampling, analysis is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a system and a method for collecting microplastic in water on site.
The micro plastic sampling system in seawater comprises a flowmeter and a filter connected with the flowmeter, wherein the filter is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet and an ultrasonic vibrator, the water inlet of the filter is connected with the flowmeter, a detachable filter screen is arranged between a filter shell and the ultrasonic vibrator, a channel between the shell and the filter screen is connected with the water inlet, a channel between the filter screen and the ultrasonic vibrator is led to the water outlet, and a valve is arranged at the bottom of the shell.
The water outlet of the filter is connected with the backwash liquid container and the filtered water sample container.
A one-way valve and a booster pump are arranged between the filter and the backwash liquid container.
A third water valve is arranged between the filter and the filtered water sample container.
The filter comprises a first filter and a second filter, the first filter and the second filter are identical in structure, and a second water valve and a pressure gauge are arranged between the first filter and the second filter.
A first water valve is arranged between the flowmeter and the filter.
The liquid to be sampled is led into the sampling system by a water pump.
Preferably, the filter screen is made of seawater corrosion resistant stainless steel, and the filter shell is made of transparent quartz glass.
The first filter and the second filter are both filters with backwashing function. The filter screen is made of seawater corrosion resistant stainless steel, belongs to a replaceable material, and the metal material cannot influence analysis and detection of the microplastic. The filter screen has multiple apertures, can be changed according to the different needs of detection analysis microplastic. The filter shell is in threaded connection with the filter head, and liquid flowing in from the water inlet can only flow out from the water outlet through the filter screen, is transparent quartz glass, and can observe the enrichment condition of a water sample at any time. And an ultrasonic vibrator is configured, and particles deposited on the filter screen are separated in an auxiliary manner during back flushing. When the water sample is filtered, the valve is closed, the water sample enters the filter from the water inlet, is discharged from the water outlet through the filter screen, and particles larger than the aperture of the filter screen are enriched in the filter. And after the water sample is filtered, opening a valve to collect the sample, pouring back flushing liquid through a water outlet, and opening ultrasonic waves to clean particles deposited on a filter screen, wherein the back flushing liquid is collected in a sample storage bottle. To prevent the particulate matter deposited on the screen from failing to completely separate from the screen, the screen may be kept for return to laboratory analysis after one collection is completed. And meanwhile, the filter screen is replaced, and the next collection is carried out.
The system pipe fitting is made of polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, the joint, the water pump, the water valve and the like are made of stainless steel and other metal parts. The sample storage bottle, the backwash liquid storage bottle and the like are glass bottles. The influence of the plastic material is reduced as much as possible.
Seawater is filtered by a preposed coarse filter, finally enters a filtered water sample bottle for storage through a first water valve, a first filter, a second filter and the like under the action of a water pump, and can be directly discharged. The water inlet is optionally arranged at the sampling water layer. The first water valve is provided with a pressure relief valve, the pressure exceeds the limiting pressure, and water can be discharged through the pressure relief valve, so that the safety of the sampling system is ensured.
When collecting water samples, the pore diameter of the first filter screen is set to be 5mm, and the pore diameter of the second filter screen can be set to be 0.05mm, or other pore diameters are needed. The eligible microplastic particles are enriched between the first filter and the second filter. As filtration proceeds, the second filter screen may become clogged and the water pressure gradually increases. The pressure gauge monitors the water pressure in real time, when the water pressure rises to the critical pressure, the second water valve and the third water valve are closed, the second filter valve is opened, and after the required amount of samples are collected, the enriched samples enter the sample storage bottle. Then the booster pump and the ultrasonic are opened, and the flushing liquid is used for back flushing under the action of the ultrasonic, and the flushing liquid and the ultrasonic are collected together into a sample storage bottle. And closing the valve of the second filter, opening the second water valve and the third water valve to continuously collect the water sample, and repeating the steps. And collecting the sample subjected to multiple primary concentration and enrichment according to the count of the flowmeter, storing, carrying the sample back to a laboratory for secondary filtration, and analyzing and detecting. And (5) completing one-time sampling and acquisition. A multistage filter can be arranged according to the requirement, and micro plastic samples with different particle sizes are collected according to the pore diameters of a filter screen of the filter from large to small.
The technical scheme can collect the microplastic in the water body on site, quantitatively enrich the microplastic in the water body with a large sample, and can be used for laboratory analysis and detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the invention discloses a front view of a structure of a filter in a micro plastic sampling system in seawater;
fig. 2: the invention discloses a structural section view of a filter in a micro plastic sampling system in seawater;
fig. 3: the invention relates to a structure diagram of a micro plastic sampling system in seawater.
Wherein: 1. a water inlet; 2. a water outlet; 3. a housing; 4. a filter screen; 5. an ultrasonic vibrator; 6. and (3) a valve.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme is further described according to the attached figures 1-3.
Example 1
The seawater micro-plastic sampling device comprises a flowmeter and a filter connected with the flowmeter, wherein the filter is provided with a water inlet 1, a water outlet 2 and an ultrasonic vibrator 5, the filter water inlet 1 is connected with the flowmeter, a detachable filter screen 4 is arranged between a filter shell 3 and the ultrasonic vibrator 5, a channel between the shell 3 and the filter screen 4 is connected with the water inlet 1, a channel between the filter screen 4 and the ultrasonic vibrator 5 is led to the water outlet 2, and a valve 6 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 3.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, a filter water outlet 2 is connected with a backwash liquid container and a filtered water sample container. A one-way valve and a booster pump are arranged between the filter and the backwash liquid container. A third water valve is arranged between the filter and the filtered water sample container.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 2, the filter comprises a first filter and a second filter, the first filter and the second filter are identical in structure, and a second water valve and a pressure gauge are arranged between the first filter and the second filter. A first water valve is arranged between the flowmeter and the filter. The liquid sampling device also comprises a water pump, and the liquid to be sampled is led into the sampling system through the water pump. The filter screen is made of seawater corrosion resistant stainless steel, and the filter shell is made of transparent quartz glass.
Taking a micro plastic sample of 0.3mm-5mm in 1 cubic meter of seawater as an example, if the sampling place is remote, the abundance of the micro plastic in the seawater is low, and the micro plastic sample is not suitable for trawl sampling, and a large amount of water sample needs to be collected to finish analysis and detection. By using the device, the on-site sampling can be conveniently and rapidly finished. The main acquisition steps are described as follows:
(1) The first filter is provided with a filter screen with a 5mm aperture, the second filter is provided with a filter screen with a 0.3mm aperture, a flow path system is checked and cleaned, and the reading of the flowmeter is cleared;
(2) Placing a pre-coarse filtration water inlet at a sampling place, and turning on a water pump to perform filtration;
(3) When the flow meter monitors that the water sample (1 m 3 ) Closing the second water valve, the third water valve and the water pump;
(4) Opening a valve of a second filter to collect a water sample;
(5) Opening a booster pump, injecting backwash liquid into the second filter, backwashing the particles deposited on the filter screen, and simultaneously opening ultrasonic waves to assist the particles to separate from the filter screen;
(6) Collecting the backwash liquid together into a sample storage bottle;
(7) Taking out the filter screen, storing and taking the filter screen back to a laboratory.
(8) During laboratory analysis, the filter screen is cleaned, and the cleaning liquid and the collected water sample are filtered for the second time by using the 0.33mm filter screen. Finally obtaining the required sample.
The examples merely illustrate the technical solution of the invention and do not limit it in any way; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (3)
1. Seawater micro-plastic sampling device, its characterized in that: the ultrasonic flow meter comprises a flow meter and a filter connected with the flow meter, wherein the filter is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet and an ultrasonic vibrator, the water inlet of the filter is connected with the flow meter, a detachable filter screen is arranged between a filter shell and the ultrasonic vibrator, a channel between the shell and the filter screen is connected with the water inlet, a channel between the filter screen and the ultrasonic vibrator is led to the water outlet, and a valve is arranged at the bottom of the shell;
the water outlet of the filter is connected with a backwash liquid container and a filtered water sample container;
a one-way valve and a booster pump are arranged between the filter and the backwash liquid container;
a third water valve is arranged between the filter and the filtered water sample container;
the filter comprises a first filter and a second filter, the first filter and the second filter have the same structure, and a second water valve and a pressure gauge are arranged between the first filter and the second filter;
a first water valve is arranged between the flowmeter and the filter;
the liquid to be sampled is led into the sampling system through the water pump;
the filter screen is made of seawater corrosion resistant stainless steel, and the filter shell is made of transparent quartz glass.
2. The seawater micro plastic sampling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: a filter screen provided with the system as claimed in claim 1, a flow path system is checked and cleaned, and the flowmeter reading is cleared;
s2: opening a water pump, and introducing a sample to be acquired into the system;
s3: collecting a water sample;
s4: back flushing the filter, simultaneously opening the ultrasonic wave to assist the particles to separate from the filter screen;
s5: taking out the filter screen and storing;
configuring a multi-stage filter, collecting micro-plastic samples with different particle diameters according to the size of the filter screen from large to small, and enriching micro-plastic particles meeting the conditions between a first filter and a second filter when collecting a water sample; with the progress of filtration, the second filter screen may be blocked, the water pressure is gradually increased, the pressure gauge monitors the water pressure in real time, when the water pressure is increased to the critical pressure, the second water valve and the third water valve are closed, the second filter valve is opened, and after the required amount of samples are collected, the enriched samples enter the sample storage bottle; then opening a booster pump and ultrasound, back flushing with flushing fluid under the action of the ultrasound, and collecting the flushing fluid and the ultrasound together into a sample storage bottle; closing a valve of the second filter, opening a second water valve and a third water valve to continuously collect water samples, and repeating the steps; and collecting a plurality of primarily concentrated and enriched samples according to the count of the flowmeter, storing, carrying the samples back to a laboratory for secondary filtration, and then analyzing and detecting to finish primary sampling and collecting.
3. The seawater micro plastic sampling method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the water sample collected in S3 is a sample filtered through a filter.
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| CN201711280868.1A CN107843460B (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2017-12-07 | Micro-plastic sampling system and method in seawater |
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| CN201711280868.1A CN107843460B (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2017-12-07 | Micro-plastic sampling system and method in seawater |
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| CN107843460A CN107843460A (en) | 2018-03-27 |
| CN107843460B true CN107843460B (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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| CN108507837B (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2020-12-11 | 山东圣元环保科技有限公司 | Little plastics multicavity room sampling device of top water |
| CN109187096B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-09-18 | 常州大学 | Hierarchical sampling device of little plastic contaminant in sewage |
| CN109406215B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2024-02-09 | 南京大学 | Intelligent acquisition device and acquisition method for water body environment DNA |
| CN110006700A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-12 | 江苏省常州环境监测中心 | Micro- plastics Quick Acquisition sorting unit in a kind of water body based on integrated control |
| CN113063633A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-02 | 蔡明刚 | Pumping and sampling method for micro-plastic of sea water on offshore surface layer |
| CN116296581B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2024-03-15 | 暨南大学 | Microplastic vertical sampling device for deep water body |
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Address after: 266200, Qingdao, Shandong, Qingdao, Qingdao, the core of the blue Silicon Valley, blue Silicon Valley business center, phase one, building No. 1. Applicant after: INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION, SHANDONG ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Address before: 266071 Shandong city of Qingdao province Zhejiang City Road No. 28 Applicant before: INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION, SHANDONG ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |
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