CN107831204B - 一种基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器及其应用 - Google Patents
一种基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于光电化学分析技术领域,一种基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器。本发明的目的是提供一种基于酞菁锌敏化TiO2纳米棒所构造的光电传感器用于对双酚A浓度的快速、灵敏的检测,以克服现有的检测双酚A的方法检测不便、成本昂贵的问题。本发明一种基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器,通过下述步骤构建:(1)以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,饱和氯化钠溶液为分散剂,在FTO导电玻璃上按照常规的一步水热法直接合成TiO2纳米棒;(2)取1mL的酞菁锌N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺溶液滴涂于TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃表面,在温度60℃下,置于真空烘箱干燥,使酞菁锌染料完全沉积,制备得到酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料光电化学传感器。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电化学分析技术领域,一种基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器。
背景技术
双酚A(BPA)是一种典型的环境内分泌干扰物,同时作为生产聚碳酸酯和环氧树脂的重要有机化工原料,被广泛应用于塑料制品、食品包装、婴儿奶瓶以及其他数百种日常用品的制备。然而,由于产品生产过程中双酚A的释放以及塑料制品食品包装中双酚A的迁移,使其普遍存在于水、食品和土壤中。相关毒理学研究表明双酚A可以诱发代谢紊乱,肥胖症以及小儿多动症等多种疾病,甚至会诱导前列腺肿瘤,乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤,具有显著地发育及生殖毒性。因此,建立一种高效、简便且可实时在线检测的方法对环境和食品中双酚A的含量进行分析是非常必要的。
目前用于双酚A检测的方法有荧光分光光度法,高效液相色谱法,气质联用,液质联用,酶联免疫吸附法,电化学法等。其中传统的仪器方法需要专业的操作人员,复杂和昂贵的设备,以及比较繁杂的前处理过程。酶联免疫法往往较为耗时,且对实验条件要求比较苛刻。因此,这些方法均不适合现场快速监测。而电化学方法虽然具有灵敏度高,设备简单、响应快速、操作方便等优点,但在双酚A检测过程中往往需要高的电势,且在电化学氧化过程中容易在电极表面形成不导电的聚合物膜,使电极表面钝化,从而影响检测的灵敏度。因此,迫切需要开发更加简便、快速、灵敏的分析技术。
光电化学方法是近年来发展起来的一种新的分析技术,由于其独特的优点,在生物医药、化学、环境等不同领域受到了越来越多地关注。光电化学的基本原理是半导体材料的电荷载体电子和空穴被激发和转移的光电转化过程。由于光电化学方法采用两种不同方式的能量作为激发信号和检测信号,使激发和检测信号互不干扰,因而背景信号和噪声低,是一种超灵敏的分析技术,恰好适合于对低浓度物质分析检测。而且,光电化学方法利用电化学装置检测,因此它不仅具有电化学方法的一系列优点,同时拥有光学方法的优点。与以上方所述方法相比,光电化学方法具有更好的应用潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于酞菁锌敏化TiO2纳米棒所构造的光电传感器用于对双酚A浓度的快速、灵敏的检测,以克服现有的检测双酚A的方法检测不便、成本昂贵的问题。
本发明为实现上述目的而采取的技术方案为:
一种基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器,通过下述步骤构建:
(1)以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,饱和氯化钠溶液为分散剂,在FTO导电玻璃上按照常规的一步水热法直接合成TiO2纳米棒;
(2)取1mL的酞菁锌N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液滴涂于TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃表面,在温度60℃下,置于真空烘箱干燥,使酞菁锌染料完全沉积,制备得到酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料光电化学传感器。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(1)中的FTO导电玻璃在使用前首先依次用丙酮,乙醇,二次水分别进行10~15min超声清洗,自然干燥后再用。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(2)中酞菁锌N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的浓度为 0.1~1.0mmol/L。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(2)中TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃的制备方法为:将12.5~15mL的二次水和1~2.5mL饱和氯化钠溶液混匀,加入13~15mL 的浓盐酸混合搅拌,然后加入0.4mL钛酸四丁酯继续搅拌,所得均一溶液转移到50mL高压反应釜中,清洗干燥后的FTO导电玻璃导电面朝下倾斜靠在反应釜壁上,放入烘箱150~180℃反应6~10小时,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,取出FTO导电玻璃,用二次水彻底冲洗干净,氮气干燥后,放入马弗炉450~ 550℃高温退火1~2小时,制得TiO2纳米棒。
本发明基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,饱和氯化钠溶液为分散剂,在FTO导电玻璃上按照常规的一步水热法直接合成TiO2纳米棒;
(2)取1mL的酞菁锌N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液滴涂于TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃表面,在温度60℃下,置于真空烘箱干燥,使酞菁锌染料完全沉积,制备得到酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料光电化学传感器。
本发明基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的应用,用于双酚A的检测。
本发明所述双酚A的检测方法包括以下步骤:
(1)使用电化学工作站的三电极体系进行测试,将制备好的酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料作为工作电极、铂片电极作为对电极、饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,在以20mL0.1mol/L Na2SO4溶液作为支持电解质溶液中进行测试;
(2)采用时间-电流法对不同浓度双酚A标准溶液进行测试,设置电压为0V,在波长为420nm氙灯光源的照射下进行光电信号检测;
(3)根据不同双酚A浓度对应光电流密度,绘制双酚A浓度-光电流密度定量关系方程;
(4)测试待测样品的光电流密度,结合定量关系方程,测算待测样品中双酚A的浓度。
优选地,本发明所述工作电极的有效光照面积为15×30mm。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用一步水热法合成TiO2纳米棒,利用真空干燥法沉积酞菁锌染料,形成酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料作为光电信标,并通过调控掺杂剂酞菁锌染料的浓度,制备出性能优异的光电信标,其中染料浓度范围为0.1-1.0 mmol/L,提高光电化学检测灵敏度,特别是当酞菁锌染料的浓度为0.5mmol/L 时光电流最佳,该传感器通过光电流的变化对双酚A的浓度进行有效的检测。
(2)本发明制备出基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的双酚A光电化学传感器,所用的设备简单,具有成本低,易制作,效率和灵敏度高的优点。
(3)本发明利用酞菁染料使二氧化钛的吸收光谱成功扩展到可见区域。在可见光的激发下,酞菁染料首先被激发,激发态的染料分子将电子注入TiO2导带,且价带上的光生空穴具有强氧化能力,同时酞菁染料-TiO2复合材料可以减少光生电子-空穴复合,提高光催化能力。酞菁锌染料具有较长的激发态寿命, 这有利于电子从激发态染料分子到TiO2导带的转移。
(4)制备的1D TiO2纳米棒结构可以提供直接的电子转移通道,展现出优异的电子传输能力,减少光生-电子空穴的复合,且通过加入饱和氯化钠作为分散剂,进一步增大其表面积,有效提高了ZnPc染料在其表面负载面积,增加染料的吸附量,从而提高其光电转换效率。
(5)本发明基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料制备光电传感器,当加入双酚 A时,双酚A通过氧化作用消耗光生空穴,进一步阻止光生电子-空穴的复合,增加光电流。随着双酚A浓度的增加,光电流逐步增大,本发明基于这一原理来检测双酚A。
(6)本发明制备的酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的双酚A光电化学传感器实验结果显示具有线性范围宽(0.047~52.1μM)、检测线低(8.6nmol/L)、可适用于实际样品检测、环境友好等特点。
(7)总之,本发明将稳定性高,光吸收效率好,成本低的酞菁染料掺杂进入TiO2层以提高TiO2半导体电极的电子传输效率,同时酞菁的光致激发电子可提高TiO2层对太阳光的利用率。本发明制备的一种酞菁锌敏化TiO2纳米棒光电化学传感器,用于双酚A的检测,具有低成本、高灵敏、快速检测等优点,且制备过程简单,在可见光区域实现了对双酚A的快速、灵敏检测,有效克服了目前检测方法的不足。
附图说明
图1为酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的X射线光电子能谱图;
图2为基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学法检测双酚A的定量关系拟合方程图;
图3为不同浓度酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的的光电流密度曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的构建方法:
(1)TiO2纳米棒的构建:以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,饱和氯化钠溶液为分散剂,在FTO导电玻璃上利用一步水热法直接合成TiO2纳米棒,FTO导电玻璃(15×50 mm)依次用丙酮,乙醇,超纯水分别进行15min超声清洗,自然干燥后待用。将12.5mL的去离子水和2.5mL饱和氯化钠溶液混匀,加入15mL的浓盐酸混合搅拌5min,然后加入0.4mL钛酸四丁酯继续搅拌5min,所得均一溶液转移到50mL高压反应釜中,清洗干燥后的FTO导电玻璃导电面朝下倾斜靠在反应釜壁上,放入烘箱180℃反应6小时,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,取出 FTO电极,用超纯水彻底冲洗干净,氮气干燥后,放入马弗炉450℃高温退火1 小时,制得TiO2纳米棒/FTO电极。
(2)酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒/FTO电极的制备:取1mL的酞菁锌N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液滴涂于TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃表面,在温度60℃下,置于真空烘箱干燥,使酞菁锌染料完全沉积,制备得到酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料光电化学传感器;图1为酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的X射线光电子能谱图,证明了酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒的成功合成。
特别地,通过调控掺杂剂酞菁锌染料的浓度,提高光电化学检测灵敏度,其中染料浓度范围为0.1~1.0mmol/L,特别是当酞菁锌染料的浓度为0.5 mmol/L时光电流最佳。图2中a、b、c、d、e分别代表浓度为0.1、0.3、0.5、 0.8、1.0mmol/L的酞菁锌掺杂后酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒/FTO电极的光电流曲线,结果显示当酞菁锌浓度为0.5mmol/L时响应最优。
本发明制备光电化学传感器对双酚A的检测方法
(1)使用电化学工作站的三电极体系进行测试,将制备好的酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃(15×50mm)作为工作电极、铂片电极(15×30mm)作为对电极、饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,在20mL 0.1mol/L Na2SO4支持电解质溶液中进行测试。其中工作电极的有效光照面积为15×30mm。
(2)采用时间-电流法对不同浓度双酚A标准溶液进行测试,设置电压为0V,在波长为420nm氙灯光源的照射下进行光电信号检测;
(3)根据不同双酚A浓度对应光电流密度,绘制双酚A浓度-光电流密度定量关系方程;且光电流密度和双酚A的浓度在0.047~52.1μmol/L范围内成良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9919,最低检测限为8.6nmol/L。具体结果如图3所示。
(4)测试待测样品的光电流密度,结合定量关系方程,测算待测样品中双酚A的浓度。随后加入一定浓度的双酚A标准溶液,计算其加标回收法率。
实施例2
实际样品检测:
选取PC塑料瓶,PC奶瓶,PVC食品包装袋为原料,分别将其剪碎,用超纯水清洗干燥,准确称取2.0g于锥形瓶中,加入40mL二氯甲烷至塑料完全溶解,然后向其中加入100mL甲醇使高分子物质沉淀,离心取上清液,旋转蒸发至干,后以乙醇定容至5mL,0.45μm滤膜过滤后,加入0.1mol/L Na2SO4溶液至20mL。采用实施例1中电流-时间曲线的方法,在可见光的照射下,施加偏压0.0V,对上述溶液进行光电流密度测定。然后加入浓度为1×10-6mol/L 的双酚A标准溶液,进行光电流密度测定,并根据工作曲线计算实际样品的浓度以及回收率。
5.0mL牛奶与10mL无水乙醇混合。通过声波降解法超声15min,震荡10 min后,混合物离心处理10分钟,取上清液过滤。收集滤液并用0.1mol/L Na2SO4溶液定容至20mL。采用实施例1中电流-时间曲线的方法,在可见光的照射下,施加偏压0.0V,对上述溶液进行光电流密度测定。然后加入浓度为1×10-6mol/L 的双酚A标准溶液,进行光电流密度测定,并根据工作曲线计算实际样品的浓度以及回收率。
结果如下表所示:
[a]表示5次试验
采用基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器测定实际样本,其中双酚A的加标回收率在97.0%-105.6%之间,相对标准偏差不高于4.16%,能够满足现实生活中对双酚A的检测需求。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的应用,其特征是用于双酚A的检测;
其中基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器通过下述步骤构建:
(1)以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,饱和氯化钠溶液为分散剂,在FTO导电玻璃上按照常规的一步水热法直接合成TiO2纳米棒;
(2)取1mL的酞菁锌N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液滴涂于TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃表面,在温度60℃下,置于真空烘箱干燥,使酞菁锌染料完全沉积,制备得到酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料光电化学传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的应用,其特征是所述双酚A的检测方法包括以下步骤:
(1)使用电化学工作站的三电极体系进行测试,将制备好的酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料作为工作电极、铂片电极作为对电极、饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,在以20mL 0.1mol/LNa2SO4溶液作为支持电解质溶液中进行测试;
(2)采用时间-电流法对不同浓度双酚A标准溶液进行测试,设置电压为0V,在波长为420nm氙灯光源的照射下进行光电信号检测;
(3)根据不同双酚A浓度对应光电流密度,绘制双酚A浓度-光电流密度定量关系方程;
(4)测试待测样品的光电流密度,结合定量关系方程,测算待测样品中双酚A的浓度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的应用,其特征是所述工作电极的有效光照面积为15×30mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的应用,其特征是所述步骤(1)中的FTO导电玻璃在使用前首先依次用丙酮,乙醇,二次水分别进行10~15min超声清洗,自然干燥后再用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的应用,其特征是所述步骤(2)中酞菁锌N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的浓度为0.1~1.0mmol/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于酞菁锌/TiO2纳米棒复合材料的光电化学传感器的应用,其特征是所述步骤(2)中TiO2纳米棒/FTO导电玻璃的制备方法为:将12.5~15mL的二次水和1~2.5mL饱和氯化钠溶液混匀,加入13~15mL的浓盐酸混合搅拌,然后加入0.4mL钛酸四丁酯继续搅拌,所得均一溶液转移到50mL高压反应釜中,清洗干燥后的FTO导电玻璃导电面朝下倾斜靠在反应釜壁上,放入烘箱150~180℃反应6~10小时,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,取出FTO导电玻璃,用二次水彻底冲洗干净,氮气干燥后,放入马弗炉450~550℃高温退火1~2小时,制得TiO2纳米棒。
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