CN107828982A - Containing the highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material palladium magnesium alloy of magnesium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material palladium magnesium alloy containing magnesium.By weight percentage, alloy composition is：Mg:1.0‑2.5wt.%,Zr:0.5‑1.5wt.%,W:0.2‑1.0wt.%,Ti:1.0‑1.4wt.%,Sb:2.0‑2.5wt.%,Ni:0.2‑0.5wt.%,Sn:0.2‑0.6wt.%,Bi:0.2‑0.3wt.%,Ga:0.1 0.2wt.%, B:0.2 0.6wt.%, surplus are palladium.Relative to conventional electrical contacts palldium alloy, the material has excellent mechanical performance, high conductivity and excellent high-temperature behavior.

Description

Containing the highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material palladium magnesium alloy of magnesium

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, specifically, is related to a kind of palladium magnesium alloy.

Background technology

Contact material is one of important materials in electric current transmission and transfer process.Contact material is to prepare electric power, electricity Switching control and load current electrical equipment in device circuit（Such as switch, relay, starter and instrument and meter）Critical material. It is mainly used in the current-carrying connecting terminal that can be disconnected between two conductors.The performance of these electrical contact elements directly affects electric transducer The reliability of part and whole instrument and meter, stability, precision and service life.Therefore, electronic instrument is to high-precision and micro- Typeization develops, and just proposes higher requirement to the performance of electrical contact element：With excellent electric conductivity, small and stabilization contact Resistance, high chemical stability, wearability and arc resistant scaling loss ability.

Noble metal contact material and can often nourish above-mentioned advantage, particularly can more be shown under light load and small contact Its superiority.The noble metal contact material being widely used at present is mainly answering for silver, gold, platinum, palldium alloy, and these alloys Condensation material and precious metal plating material.Silver alloy is largely used to moderate duty or heavy burden charge electric appliance, and Smaller load electrical contact element makes With it is more be platinum alloy, palldium alloy, billon.The density of palladium is small, cheap, chemical stability is slightly inferior to platinum, has good Sulfuration resistant performance, corrosion resistance and wearability, often can be as the substitute of platinum.Palladium base contactor material is mainly used as light current and connect Point, have the advantages that corrosion resistance is strong, electrical contact is reliable.

Oneself the external electrical conductivity of the material palldium alloy of the novel electrical contact through exploitation can't be satisfactory, could not exceed 30%IACS, it is impossible to meet the requirement of modern industry and component to palladium base contact material conductance and other performance.Exploitation tool Standby property palldium alloy has two methods, and one kind is to add alloying element to strengthen matrix by solution strengthening, and another kind is Palladium base composite is mutually formed by adding second-phase strength.Magnesium is added in palldium alloy as alloy element and can greatly improved The elastic performance of alloy, electric conductivity and other performance.Develop Novel Palladium base alloy as electric contact material has turned into inevitable.

Redox reaction occurs for the oxygen and nitrogen that palladium magnesium alloy magnesium in fusion process is easy in same surrounding atmosphere, and The oxide and nitride of generation are very loose, it is impossible to prevent the further reaction of alloy liquid and extraneous medium, cause palladium magnesium The continued oxidation of active element, scaling loss in alloy, significantly limit the commercial Application of such alloy.Palladium magnesium alloy melting process Key be exactly fire-retardant, this is that chemism when being melted by magnesium determines.Typically argon gas is used during palladium magnesium alloy smelting Protect to carry out melting, but process is more, somewhat expensive and low production efficiency.The melting of palladium magnesium alloy can also be covered using flux Cover to protect, such as the villaumite of low melting point.But magnesium and most of alloying element are all the very strong elements of activity, can not be kept away Reacted with villaumite in flux and cause to lose with exempting from, the addition of this necessary increasing alloying element of making use of momentum so that alloy Production cost improves.Moreover, flux salt because its density is big, can be settled constantly with the extension of time, therefore covering effect can not Persistently, and portion of flux remains in palladium magnesium alloy fused mass as slag and forms field trash, reduces the mechanics of palladium magnesium alloy Performance.In addition, the gas that the anti-burning method of gas shield is commonly used is SF6, but SF6 is a kind of gas of very strong generation greenhouse effects Body, environmental quality is examined closely again in the mankind and the whole world is just to reduce today of greenhouse effects and unremitting effort, SF6 protection meltings Technology receives huge challenge.

Solve palladium magnesium alloy in an atmosphere melting when to produce another approach of burning be to add alloy into palladium magnesium alloy Element, fire-retardant purpose is reached by the method for alloying.Its mechanism of alloying ignition-proof method is added during palladium magnesium alloy smelting Add specific alloying element to influence the thermodynamics and dynamics process of alloy oxidation, form the dense oxide with protective effect Film and nitride film, reach the purpose for preventing alloy vigorous oxidation and nitridation.And oxygen of the palladium magnesium alloy during following process The tendency for changing burning substantially reduces, so as to improve the process safety of alloy.But as a kind of structural material, only have molten Fire resistance during refining can far can not meet requirement, it is often more important that final palladium magnesium-alloy material will also possess simultaneously Gratifying mechanical strength, mechanical property and the electric conductivity that can at least reach conventional palladium magnesium alloy are horizontal.Thus how The content of various alloying elements is balanced in palladium magnesium alloy, prepare it is fire-retardant under atmospheric environment, and possess excellent conduction and Mechanical property, it is a urgent problem to be solved of current palladium magnesium alloy.

The content of the invention

Present invention aims to overcome that the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided one kind can be under 1600-1650 degree atmospheric conditions Carry out contact material highly conductive high temperature resistant Pd-Mg-Zr palladiums magnesium alloy and its processing technology of melting.And in this temperature range The alloy final products of melting have the high conductivity possessed required for palladium base contact material and excellent elevated temperature strength.The party Method also has production cost low, the characteristics of being easy to mass produce.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：

One kind has the melting Pd-Mg-Zr palladium magnesium alloys between 1600-1650 degree.By weight percentage, the composition of alloy For：Mg:1.0-2.5wt.%, Zr:0.5-1.5wt.%,W:0.2-1.0wt.%,Ti:1.0-1.4wt.%,Sb:2.0- 2.5wt.%,Ni:0.2-0.5wt.%,Sn:0.2-0.6wt.%,Bi:0.2-0.3wt.%,Ga:0.1-0.2wt.%, B:0.2- 0.6wt.%, surplus are palladium.The palladium magnesium alloy is in fusion process because the weight for volatilizing and forming the reasons such as clinker and losing exists 2.0-5.0wt.% or so.

The preparation method of above-mentioned palladium magnesium alloy, comprises the following steps：As above the raw material matched is added under atmosphere protection Electric induction furnace in, and use silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating forms alloy solution to 1600-1650 degree, and is stirred using electromagnetism Effect is mixed to be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 minutes in 1600-1650 degree and is poured onto heat top same level equipment Interior carry out semi-continuous casting, it is 10-15m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,.Ingot casting is subjected to deformation process at room temperature, every time It is 5-8% to roll lower amount.Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing hardening, and technique is：420 degree, 2.9 Individual hour；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 920 degree, 4.2 hours；Vacuum aging handles 260 degree, 2.4 hour.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：

（1）The present situation that patent of the present invention is directed to palladium magnesium alloy under current high temperature and needs protect melting in melting provides A kind of novel atmosphere protection solution.By the main and secondary addition element in preferred alloy, so as to effectively prevent Burning occurs for palladium magnesium alloy under melting state and excessive Evaporation Phenomenon is entered., not only can be big by preferable alloying method Big the shortcomings that reducing alloying element usage amount, extraordinary flame retardant effect can also be obtained and improve magnesium recovery rate, final products The content of middle magnesium accounts for 80-90wt.% of initial magnesium addition or so.

（2）The Pd-Mg-Zr palladiums magnesium alloy that this patent proposes has extremely excellent fire resistance, Ke Yida in the quiescent state Burnt to 5 hours are stood under atmospheric environment in 1600-1650 temperature ranges without obvious.In dynamic process, Such as liquid alloy is stirred, blown etc. during melt treatment, after its skin covering of the surface is because being stirred vigorously destroyed, remain to Rapid regeneration, successfully hinder the burning of alloy.Gained alloy surface oxide-film and nitride film have extraordinary plasticity and viscosity, Alloy surface intactly can be sprawled and covered, is effectively stopped in air intrusion aluminium alloy.And the palladium magnesium alloy is in melting The weight that Cheng Yinwei volatilizees and forms the reasons such as clinker and lose is less than 5.0wt.% or so.

（3）The Pd-Mg-Zr palladiums magnesium alloy is after magnesium is added, so that crystal grain is refined.In addition, the alloy have it is low Liquid-solid phase solidification temperature range, can solve that hot cracking tendency is big during casting, the empty and loose substantially product yield rate of casting is low Deng technical barrier.Smelting processing method is simple, and production cost is reduced to equipment requirement than relatively low.So that alloy service life It is further improved, is easy to industrialize large-scale application.

（4）The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional palladium-base alloy：Tensile strength is 550-620MPa；Traditional material Material tensile strength is less than 350MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 45-60 (traditional material is less than 30).It is left at 500 degree The right side, the tensile strength of the material can maintain 350-380MPa.Forceful electric power arc discharge can be resisted within half an hour without occurring Obvious material failure.In addition, the material reduces 3-6% or so than the density of traditional palladium-base alloy.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

One kind has 1600 degree of melting highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material Pd-Mg-Zr palladium magnesium alloys containing magnesium.Percentage by weight Than meter, the chemical composition of alloy is：Mg:1.8wt.%, Zr:0.6wt.%,W:0.4wt.%,Ti:1.2wt.%,Sb:2.4wt.%, Ni:0.3wt.%,Sn:0.2wt.%,Bi:0.2wt.%,Ga:0.1wt.%, B:0.4wt.%, surplus are palladium.The preparation side of alloy Method：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and uses silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating arrives 1600 degree, alloy solution is formed, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 at 1600 degree Minute is cast in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting, and it is 12m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,.By ingot casting at room temperature Deformation process is carried out, amount is 9% under every time rolling.Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing firmly Change, technique is：420 degree, 2.9 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 920 degree, 4.2 hours； Vacuum aging handles 260 degree, 2.4 hours.The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional palladium-base alloy：Tensile strength is 584MPa；Traditional material tensile strength is less than 350MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 49 (traditional material is less than 30).At 500 degree or so, the tensile strength of the material can maintain 365MPa.Forceful electric power arc discharge can be resisted within half an hour Without obvious material failure occurs.In addition, the material reduces by 3.4% or so than the density of traditional palladium-base alloy.The alloy exists Between in 1600 degree and 5 hours stir under atmospheric environment, the melt treatment such as refining without obvious burning phenomenon occurs, and Material raw material proportion of goods damageds caused by evaporating and being formed due to clinker can be controlled in 2.4wt.% or so.

Embodiment 2

One kind has 1620 degree of melting highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material Pd-Mg-Zr palladium magnesium alloys containing magnesium.Percentage by weight Than meter, the chemical composition of alloy is：Mg:1.6wt.%, Zr:0.8wt.%,W:0.4wt.%,Ti:1.2wt.%,Sb:2.3wt.%, Ni:0.3wt.%,Sn:0.4wt.%,Bi:0.2wt.%,Ga:0.1wt.%, B:0.3wt.%, surplus are palladium.The preparation side of alloy Method：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and uses silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating arrives 1620 degree, alloy solution is formed, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 at 1620 degree Minute is cast in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting, and it is 12m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,.By ingot casting at room temperature Deformation process is carried out, amount is 6% under every time rolling.Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing firmly Change, technique is：420 degree, 2.9 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 920 degree, 4.2 hours； Vacuum aging handles 260 degree, 2.4 hours.The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional palladium-base alloy：Tensile strength is 604MPa；Traditional material tensile strength is less than 350MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 56 (traditional material is less than 30).At 500 degree or so, the tensile strength of the material can maintain 365MPa.Forceful electric power arc discharge can be resisted within half an hour Without obvious material failure occurs.In addition, the material reduces by 4.5% or so than the density of traditional palladium-base alloy.The alloy exists Between in 1620 degree and 5 hours stir under atmospheric environment, the melt treatment such as refining without obvious burning phenomenon occurs, and Material raw material proportion of goods damageds caused by evaporating and being formed due to clinker can be controlled in 2.6wt.% or so.

Embodiment 3

One kind has 1650 degree of melting highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material Pd-Mg-Zr palladium magnesium alloys containing magnesium.Percentage by weight Than meter, the chemical composition of alloy is：Mg:1.9wt.%, Zr:0.8wt.%,W:0.6wt.%,Ti:1.2wt.%,Sb:2.2wt.%, Ni:0.3wt.%,Sn:0.3wt.%,Bi:0.2wt.%,Ga:0.1wt.%, B:0.4wt.%, surplus are palladium.The preparation side of alloy Method：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and uses silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating arrives 1650 degree, alloy solution is formed, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 at 1650 degree Minute is cast in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting, and it is 14m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,.By ingot casting at room temperature Deformation process is carried out, amount is 6% under every time rolling.Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing firmly Change, technique is：420 degree, 2.9 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 920 degree, 4.2 hours； Vacuum aging handles 260 degree, 2.4 hours.The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional palladium-base alloy：Tensile strength is 584MPa；Traditional material tensile strength is less than 350MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 52 (traditional material is less than 30).At 500 degree or so, the tensile strength of the material can maintain 368MPa.Forceful electric power arc discharge can be resisted within half an hour Without obvious material failure occurs.In addition, the material reduces by 4.2% or so than the density of traditional palladium-base alloy.The alloy exists Between in 1650 degree and 5 hours stir under atmospheric environment, the melt treatment such as refining without obvious burning phenomenon occurs, and Material causes the raw material proportion of goods damageds to control in 2.9wt.% or so due to evaporating and form clinker.

Claims (3)

1. A kind of 1. highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material palladium magnesium alloy containing magnesium, it is characterised in that by weight percentage, alloy Chemical composition be：Mg:1.0-2.5wt.%, Zr:0.5-1.5wt.%,W:0.2-1.0wt.%,Ti:1.0-1.4wt.%,Sb: 2.0-2.5wt.%,Ni:0.2-0.5wt.%,Sn:0.2-0.6wt.%,Bi:0.2-0.3wt.%,Ga:0.1-0.2wt.%, B: 0.2-0.6wt.%, surplus are palladium.
2. 2. the highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material palladium magnesium alloy containing magnesium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that alloy Preparation method comprises the following steps：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and using carbonization Silica crucible；Sensing heating forms alloy solution, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect to 1600-1650 degree；Will Alloy liquid is poured onto in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting for 10 minutes in the insulation of 1600-1650 degree, and ingot casting moves down speed Spend for 10-15m/min.
3. 3. the highly conductive high temperature resistant contact material palladium magnesium alloy containing magnesium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprising such as Lower procedure of processing：Ingot casting is subjected to deformation process at room temperature, amount is 5-8% under every time rolling；Every 3 passes need into Intermediate heat-treatment of row is hardened to eliminate processing, and technique is：420 degree, 2.9 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling For：Vacuum solid solution handles 920 degree, 4.2 hours；Vacuum aging handles 260 degree, 2.4 hours.