CN107760917A - A kind of high-strength Cu Li Cs cupraliths close to fine copper electrical conductivity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high-strength Cu Li Cs cupraliths close to fine copper electrical conductivity.By weight percentage, alloy composition is：Li:0.3‑1.5wt.%,Cs:0.2‑0.6wt.%,Ge:1.2‑2.5wt.%,Ga:0.6‑0.8wt.%,Sr:1.0‑1.2wt.%,Pd:0.3‑0.6wt.%,Ag:0.8‑1.6wt.%,Tb:0.1‑0.2wt.%,Er:0.1 0.2wt.%, B:0.5 0.8wt.%, surplus are copper.Relative to traditional cable copper alloy, the material has excellent mechanical performance and high conductivity.

Description

A kind of high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths close to fine copper electrical conductivity

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, specifically, is related to a kind of cupralith.

Background technology

With the rapid development of China's economy and the speed-raising of railway, the requirement more and more higher to contact line conducting wire.People are not The disconnected railway transportation speed pursued electric conductivity and its intensity and can reach the conductor material of best of breed to meet increasingly to be lifted It is required that.At present, contact line conducting wire, China's height are produced in the developed country such as America and Europe, Japan generally use copper alloy wire material Copper alloy wire material used in fast electric railway is mainly from the import of the developed country such as Germany, Sweden.In addition, copper-based electrical contact material Material is applied to work under various power conditions, and is largely used in big or middle load electrical equipment, such as various switches, relay, connects Tentaculum etc..The condition of work of power contact big or middle is more severe, and often under the strong effect in electric arc, electroerosion is serious, is important to Derivation is hot, electric conductivity will get well, and anti-electroerosion ability is eager to excel.Contact material is to prepare switching in electric power, appliance circuit to control And the critical material of the heart element electrical contact of load current electrical equipment (such as switch, relay, starter and instrument and meter), its The quality of quality is related to circuit arrangement, the reliability of instrument, stability, measure of precision and its life-span.

Cable is compared with contact material with copper alloy with aluminium alloy, has a series of obvious advantages.（1）Intensity is high： Allowable stress under normal temperature, copper are higher by 7-28% respectively than aluminium.Stress particularly under high temperature, it is even more very remote that both, which differ,.（2） It is antifatigue：Bending easy fracture, copper are then not easy aluminium repeatedly.In terms of elastic index, copper is also higher than aluminium about 1.7-1.8 times.（3）Construction It is convenient：Copper core is flexible, it is allowed to camber radius it is small, so it is convenient to turn round, poling is easy.（5）Current-carrying capacity is big：Due to resistivity Low, the copper core electric wire with section is higher than the current-carrying capacity that aluminium core electric wire allows by 30% or so（6）Resistivity is low：The electricity of aluminium core electric wire Resistance rate is about higher 1.68 times than copper core electric wire.（7）Ductility is good：The elongation of copper alloy is 20-40%, the elongation of electrician's copper More than 30%, and aluminium alloy is only 18%.（8）It is anti-oxidant, it is corrosion-resistant：The connector stable performance of copper core electric wire, will not be due to Aoxidize and accident occurs.The joint of aluminium core electric wire is unstable to increase contact resistance due to oxidation often, generate heat and thing occurs Therefore.（9）Energy consumption is low：Because the resistivity of copper is low, for aluminium electric wire, the electric energy loss of copper electric wire is low, and this is apparent 's.（10）Heating temp is low：Under same electric current, the caloric value with the copper core electric wire in section is more much smaller than aluminium core electric wire, makes It must run safer.（11）The loss of voltage is low：Because the resistivity of copper core electric wire is low, the situation of same current is flowed through in same section Under.The voltage drop of copper core electric wire is small.

In the world by alloying process, the means such as solidification mode and preparation related compound material, which deepen continuously to improve, closes The combination property and process technology of gold so that the production cost of associated alloys constantly reduces and correlated performance is constantly improve.It is external Oneself novel cable through exploitation and electrical contact copper alloy conductance are too low at present, could not exceed 80%IACS, it is impossible to meet modern work The requirement of industry and component to conductance.Such alloy is seriously constrained in Aero-Space, electronics, further should in military project With.Highly conductive and high-strength copper lithium alloy is further developed, is to speed up the fast railway that related industry is circulated benignly.Open Hair high strength and high conductivity copper alloy has two methods, and one kind is to add alloying element to strengthen matrix by solution strengthening, another It is mutually to form Cu-base composites by adding second-phase strength.Lithium is added in copper alloy as alloy element and can carried significantly The elastic performance of copper master alloy, resistance to softening at high temperature energy and electric conductivity.Exploitation novel high-strength, height are led, high abrasion, high softening temperature The cupralith of degree has turned into inevitable.

In melting and forming process oxidation easily occurs for cupralith, burning is even exploded, the not only shaping to part Damaged with performance, also easily injure human body and pollution environment.One important directions of cupralith industrialization are exactly such as What prevents the oxidizing fire under its high temperature.At present frequently with chlorate flux protection method and inert gas shielding in metallurgy industry Method.But both approaches have the defects of it is difficult to avoid that, such as it is also easy to produce toxic gas pollution environment and causes flux to be mingled with And damage alloy property.In addition, melting, casting equipment and complex process, increase cost.Solve cupralith to melt in an atmosphere Another approach that burning is produced during refining is that alloying element is added into cupralith, reaches fire-retardant mesh by the method for alloying 's.Its mechanism of alloying ignition-proof method is that specific alloying element is added in cupralith fusion process to influence alloy oxidation Thermodynamics and dynamics process, dense oxidation film and nitride film with protective effect are formed, reach and prevent alloy vigorous oxidation Substantially reduced with the tendency of the purpose of nitridation, and oxidizing fire of the cupralith during following process, so as to improve copper The process safety of lithium alloy.

But as a kind of cable and contact material Cu alloy material, it is remote only to have gratifying electric conductivity Required far from satisfaction, it is often more important that final cupralith product will also possess gratifying mechanical strength simultaneously.Cause And the content of various alloying elements how is balanced in cupralith, prepare fire-retardant under atmospheric environment, prevent lithium in melting During the cupralith that volatilizees, and possess excellent performance, be a urgent problem to be solved of current cupralith.

The content of the invention

Present invention aims to overcome that the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided one kind can be under 1200-1300 degree atmospheric conditions Carry out the Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths and its processing technology of melting.And this temperature range melting alloy final products have it is excellent Different mechanical property and electric conductivity.This method has production cost low, the characteristics of being easy to mass produce.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：

It is a kind of that there is high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupralith of the melting close to fine copper electrical conductivity between 1200-1300 degree.By weight Percentages, the composition of alloy are：Li: 0.3-1.5wt.%,Cs:0.2-0.6wt.%,Ge:1.2-2.5wt.%,Ga:0.6- 0.8wt.%,Sr:1.0-1.2wt.%,Pd:0.3-0.6wt.%,Ag:0.8-1.6wt.%,Tb:0.1-0.2wt.%,Er: 0.1- 0.2wt.%, B:0.5-0.8wt.%, surplus are copper.The cupralith is in fusion process because the reason such as volatilization and formation clinker And the weight lost is in 2.0-5.0wt.% or so.

The preparation method of above-mentioned cupralith, comprises the following steps：As above the raw material matched is added under atmosphere protection Electric induction furnace in, and use silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating forms alloy solution to 1200-1300 degree, and is stirred using electromagnetism Effect is mixed to be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 minutes in 1200-1300 degree and is poured onto heat top same level equipment Interior carry out semi-continuous casting, it is 8-12m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,..Ingot casting is subjected to deformation process at room temperature, every time It is 5-10% to roll lower amount；Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing hardening, and technique is：290 degree, 2.8 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 860 degree, 2.4 hours；Vacuum aging processing 180 Degree, 2.6 hours.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：

（1）The present situation that patent of the present invention is directed to cupralith under current high temperature and needs protect melting in melting provides A kind of novel atmosphere protection solution.By the main and secondary addition element in preferred alloy, so as to effectively prevent Burning occurs for cupralith under melting state and excessive Evaporation Phenomenon is entered., not only can be big by preferable alloying method Big the shortcomings that reducing alloying element usage amount, extraordinary flame retardant effect can also be obtained and improve lithium recovery rate, final products The content of middle lithium accounts for 80-90wt.% of initial lithium addition or so.In general, the copper lithium of the method melting using argon gas protection Alloy, the recovery rate of final lithium only have 10-30wt.% or so.

（2）The Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths that this patent proposes have extremely excellent fire resistance, Ke Yida in the quiescent state Burnt to 5 hours are stood under atmospheric environment in 1200-1300 temperature ranges without obvious.Enter to liquid alloy During the melt treatments such as row stirring, air blowing, after its skin covering of the surface is because being stirred vigorously destroyed, rapid regeneration is remained to, is successfully hindered Hinder the burning of alloy.Gained alloy surface oxide-film and nitride film have extraordinary plasticity and viscosity, can intactly sprawl With cover alloy surface, effectively stop air intrusion aluminium alloy in.And the cupralith fusion process because volatilization and shape Into reasons such as clinkers, the weight lost is less than 5.0wt.% or so.

（3）The Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths are after lithium is added, due to excellent deoxidation getter action, so that crystal grain obtains To refinement.In addition, the alloy has low liquid-solid phase solidification temperature range, hot cracking tendency is big when can solve to cast, and casting is empty The technical barriers such as hole and loose obvious product yield rate are low.Smelting processing method is simple, and production cost is reduced and pair set than relatively low It is standby to require.While ensureing to possess anti-flammability, also alloy service life is further improved, is easy to industrialize big rule Mould application.

（4）The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional cable and contact material copper alloy：Tensile strength is 820-890MPa；Traditional material tensile strength is 500-600MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 98-105 (tradition 80) material is less than.In addition, the material reduces 4-5% or so than the density of traditional cable and contact material copper alloy.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths that there are 1220 degree of meltings close to fine copper electrical conductivity.By weight percentage, close Gold chemical composition be：Li: 1.2wt.%,Cs:0.4wt.%,Ge:1.8wt.%,Ga:0.7wt.%,Sr:1.1wt.%,Pd: 0.5wt.%,Ag:0.9wt.%,Tb:0.1wt.%,Er:0.1wt.%, B:0.6wt.%, surplus are copper.The preparation method of alloy： As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and uses silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating is to 1220 Degree, alloy solution is formed, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 minutes at 1220 degree It is cast in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting, it is 10m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,.Ingot casting is carried out at room temperature Deformation process, amount is 8% under every time rolling.Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing hardening, Technique is：290 degree, 2.8 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 860 degree, 2.4 hours；Very Empty Ageing Treatment 180 degree, 2.6 hours.The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional cable and contact material copper alloy： Tensile strength is 846MPa；Traditional material tensile strength is 500-600MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 102 (traditional material is less than 80).In addition, the material reduces by 4.6% or so than the density of traditional cable and contact material copper alloy. The alloy in 1220 degree and 5 hours between stirred under atmospheric environment, the melt treatment such as refining is without occurring obvious burn Phenomenon is damaged, and material raw material proportion of goods damageds caused by evaporating and being formed due to clinker can be controlled in 2.6wt.% or so.

Embodiment 2

A kind of high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths that there are 1240 degree of meltings close to fine copper electrical conductivity.By weight percentage, close Gold chemical composition be：Li: 0.9wt.%,Cs:0.4wt.%,Ge:1.6wt.%,Ga:0.7wt.%,Sr:1.1wt.%,Pd: 0.5wt.%,Ag:1.2wt.%,Tb:0.1wt.%,Er:0.1wt.%, B:0.6wt.%, surplus are copper.The preparation method of alloy： As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and uses silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating is to 1240 Degree, alloy solution is formed, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 minutes at 1240 degree It is cast in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting, it is 9m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,.Ingot casting is carried out at room temperature Deformation process, amount is 6% under every time rolling.Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing hardening, Technique is：290 degree, 2.8 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 860 degree, 2.4 hours；Very Empty Ageing Treatment 180 degree, 2.6 hours.The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional cable and contact material copper alloy： Tensile strength is 868MPa；Traditional material tensile strength is 500-600MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 99 and (pass 80) commons material is less than.In addition, the material reduces by 4.2% or so than the density of traditional cable and contact material copper alloy.Should Alloy in 1240 degree and 5 hours between stirred under atmospheric environment, the melt treatment such as refining is without occurring obvious scaling loss Phenomenon, and material raw material proportion of goods damageds caused by evaporating and being formed due to clinker can be controlled in 4.1wt.% or so.

Embodiment 3

A kind of high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths that there are 1280 degree of meltings close to fine copper electrical conductivity.By weight percentage, close Gold chemical composition be：Li: 1.2wt.%,Cs:0.5wt.%,Ge:2.1wt.%,Ga:0.7wt.%,Sr:1.1wt.%,Pd: 0.5wt.%,Ag:0.9wt.%,Tb:0.1wt.%,Er:0.1wt.%, B:0.6wt.%, surplus are copper.The preparation method of alloy： As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and uses silicon carbide crucible.Sensing heating is to 1280 Degree, alloy solution is formed, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect.Alloy liquid is incubated 10 minutes at 1280 degree It is cast in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting, it is 11m/min that ingot casting, which moves down speed,.Ingot casting is carried out at room temperature Deformation process, amount is 8% under every time rolling.Every 3 passes need to carry out an intermediate heat-treatment to eliminate processing hardening, Technique is：290 degree, 2.8 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling is：Vacuum solid solution handles 860 degree, 2.4 hours；Very Empty Ageing Treatment 180 degree, 2.6 hours.The material has the mechanical property higher than traditional cable and contact material copper alloy： Tensile strength is 874MPa；Traditional material tensile strength is 500-600MPa.And conductance (%IACS) can maintain 103 and (pass 80) commons material is less than.In addition, the material reduces by 4.7% or so than the density of traditional cable and contact material copper alloy.Should Alloy in 1280 degree and 5 hours between stirred under atmospheric environment, the melt treatment such as refining is without occurring obvious scaling loss Phenomenon, and material causes the raw material proportion of goods damageds to control in 2.6wt.% or so due to evaporating and form clinker.

Claims (3)

1. A kind of 1. high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths close to fine copper electrical conductivity, it is characterised in that by weight percentage, alloy Chemical composition be：Li: 0.3-1.5wt.%,Cs:0.2-0.6wt.%,Ge:1.2-2.5wt.%,Ga:0.6-0.8wt.%,Sr: 1.0-1.2wt.%,Pd:0.3-0.6wt.%,Ag:0.8-1.6wt.%,Tb:0.1-0.2wt.%,Er:0.1-0.2wt.%, B: 0.5-0.8wt.%, surplus are copper.
2. 2. according to claim 1 close to the high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths of fine copper electrical conductivity, it is characterised in that alloy Preparation method comprises the following steps：As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under atmospheric environment, and using carbonization Silica crucible；Sensing heating forms alloy solution, and be sufficiently stirred 10 minutes or so using galvanomagnetic-effect to 1200-1300 degree；Will Alloy liquid is poured onto in the same level equipment of heat top and carries out semi-continuous casting for 10 minutes in the insulation of 1200-1300 degree, and ingot casting moves down speed Spend for 8-12m/min.
3. 3. according to claim 1 close to the high-strength Cu-Li-Cs cupraliths of fine copper electrical conductivity, it is characterised in that comprising such as Lower procedure of processing：Ingot casting is subjected to deformation process at room temperature, amount is 5-10% under every time rolling；Every 3 passes need into Intermediate heat-treatment of row is hardened to eliminate processing, and technique is：290 degree, 2.8 hours；Final Heat Treatment Process after rolling For：Vacuum solid solution handles 860 degree, 2.4 hours；Vacuum aging processing 180 degree, 2.6 hours.