CN107828524A - 核污染清洗去污剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

核污染清洗去污剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107828524A
CN107828524A CN201711005737.2A CN201711005737A CN107828524A CN 107828524 A CN107828524 A CN 107828524A CN 201711005737 A CN201711005737 A CN 201711005737A CN 107828524 A CN107828524 A CN 107828524A
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臧晗宇
陈家坚
陈博
金伟
刘子豪
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SHENYANG ZHONGKE CORROSION CONTROL ENGINEERING Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种核污染清洗去污剂及其制备方法，属于核污染清洗去污领域。该核污染清洗去污剂主要是由去离子水、柠檬酸、EDTA‑4钠盐、油酸三乙醇胺、苯甲酸钠、缓蚀剂、消泡剂、乙醇、pH调节剂组成，通过：原料混合→搅拌→溶解→包装而制得成品。该去污剂适用于核电站放射性污染构件的核污染去污。同时，该产品具有较强的去污能力和渗透性，易溶于水，高效，低泡，无刺激性气味等特点。另外，产品中缓蚀剂的添加，避免其在清洗金属表面污染时腐蚀金属。

Description

核污染清洗去污剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及核污染清洗去污技术领域，具体涉及一种核污染清洗去污剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在核能开发利用过程中，核电站放射性污染构件上放射性核物质的外泄会对周围环境产生严重的破坏，并且存在于环境中的放射性沉降物还可以通过食物链进入人体，在体内达到一定剂量时就会产生有害作用，从而引发各类疾病。因此，针对核污染的特征，开发专用于核污染的清洗去污剂为亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种核污染清洗去污剂及其制备方法，该清洗去污剂为IMC-05，所制备的核污染去污清洗剂去污能力强、渗透性强。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种核污染清洗去污剂，按重量份数计，该清洗去污剂的原料包括如下组分：
所述缓蚀剂为IMC-80-N缓蚀剂、IMC-80-ZS缓蚀剂、IMC-80-BH缓蚀剂、IMC-871-W缓蚀剂或IMC-871-GH1缓蚀剂。
所述消泡剂为有机醇类(乳化硅油、高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚)，所述pH调节剂为碱性添加剂(磷酸氢二钠、氢氧化钠或氨水)。
所述通用型核污染清洗去污剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将原料乙二胺四乙酸四钠和油酸三乙醇胺按比例加入到反应容器A中，再加入部分去离子水，缓慢搅拌后得到粘稠状物料；在反应容器A中加入的去离子水占原料中去离子水总量的60％；
(2)将剩余去离子水和柠檬酸按比例加入反应容器B中，加热到40～60℃，搅拌使其成透明液体；
(3)待容器B冷却到室温后，将容器A中的粘稠状物料和容器B内的透明液体混合，搅拌条件下获得混合物料；
(4)在步骤(3)所得混合物料中，依次按比例加入原料苯甲酸钠、缓蚀剂、消泡剂、乙醇和pH调节剂，搅拌使其充分混合和溶解，得到的茶色透明液体即为所述核污染清洗去污剂；
(5)装瓶或桶后完成生产。
本发明的设计思想是：
本发明核污染清洗去污剂主要是由去离子水、柠檬酸、EDTA-4钠盐、油酸三乙醇胺、苯甲酸钠、缓蚀剂、消泡剂、乙醇、pH调节剂组成，通过：原料混合→搅拌→溶解→包装而制得成品。该去污剂适用于核电站放射性污染构件的核污染去污。同时，该产品具有较强的去污能力和渗透性，易溶于水，高效，低泡，无刺激性气味等特点。另外，产品中缓蚀剂的添加，避免其在清洗金属表面污染时腐蚀金属。
本发明核污染清洗去污剂中，柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸四钠为络合剂，主要去除金属表面氧化物，过多会导致金属材料腐蚀，过少达不到去污效果；油酸三乙醇胺和苯甲酸钠分别为表面活性剂和杀菌剂，该两种物质通过协同作用，可使减少材料的局部腐蚀。缓蚀剂为IMC-80-N，IMC-80-N为炔氧甲基季铵盐类缓蚀剂，其作用是抑制金属材料腐蚀。另外，缓蚀剂还可以为咪唑啉类缓蚀剂(IMC-80-ZS、IMC-80-BH)。消泡剂为有机醇类，pH调节剂为碱性添加剂。上述物质组分的量配比不正确会导致去污效果不理想、腐蚀被去污件的表面等危害性。
本发明的优点及有益效果是：
1、本发明能有效去除核电站放射性污染构件的核污染。
2、本发明具有较强的去污能力和渗透性，并且易溶于水，高效，低泡，无刺激性气味。
3、本发明产品中缓蚀剂的添加，避免在清洗金属表面污染时去污剂腐蚀金属。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例详述本发明。
在具体实施过程中，本发明IMC-05核污染清洗去污剂的制作方法如下：
(1)将原料EDTA-4钠盐(乙二胺四乙酸四钠)和油酸三乙醇胺按比例加入到反应容器A中，再加入去离子水总量的60％缓慢搅拌，使其成粘稠状。
(2)将剩余去离子水和柠檬酸加入反应容器B中，加热到40～60℃，搅拌使其成透明液体。
(3)待容器B冷却到室温后，将容器A的物料和容器B的物料混合，搅拌。
(4)在混合物料中，分別按比例加入原料苯甲酸钠、缓蚀剂、消泡剂、乙醇、pH调节剂。
(5)搅拌使其充分混合和溶解，成茶色透明液体。
(6)装瓶或桶完成生产。
实施例1
本实施例中，IMC-05核污染清洗去污剂，按重量份数计，原料配比如下：
(1)去离子水50份；
(2)柠檬酸17份；
(3)EDTA-4钠盐(乙二胺四乙酸四钠)12份；
(4)油酸三乙醇胺10份；
(5)苯甲酸钠7份；
(6)缓蚀剂1.0份；
(7)消泡剂0.8份；
(8)乙醇6份；
(9)pH调节剂0.08份。
其中，缓蚀剂为IMC-80-N缓蚀剂，IMC-80-N为水溶性缓蚀剂，其作用是降低金属的腐蚀速率。消泡剂为乳化硅油，pH调节剂为磷酸氢二钠。
上述核污染清洗去污剂的实验数据和实验结果如下：该配方去污因子最高可达149，去污率可达78％以上，余污率可低至7％。
实施例2
本实施例中，IMC-05核污染清洗去污剂，按重量份数计，原料配比如下：
(1)去离子水47份；
(2)柠檬酸18份；
(3)EDTA-4钠盐(乙二胺四乙酸四钠)13份；
(4)油酸三乙醇胺9份；
(5)苯甲酸钠6份；
(6)缓蚀剂0.8份；
(7)消泡剂0.6份；
(8)乙醇5份；
(9)pH调节剂0.06份。
其中，缓蚀剂为IMC-80ZS缓蚀剂，IMC-80ZS为水溶性缓蚀剂，其作用是降低金属的腐蚀速率。消泡剂为高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物，pH调节剂为氢氧化钠。
上述核污染清洗去污剂的实验数据和实验结果如下：该配方去污因子最高可达150，去污率可达80％以上，余污率可低至5％。
实施例3
本实施例中，IMC-05核污染清洗去污剂，按重量份数计，原料配比如下：
(1)去离子水53份；
(2)柠檬酸16份；
(3)EDTA-4钠盐(乙二胺四乙酸四钠)11份；
(4)油酸三乙醇胺11份；
(5)苯甲酸钠8份；
(6)缓蚀剂1.5份；
(7)消泡剂0.9份；
(8)乙醇7份；
(9)pH调节剂0.09份。
其中，缓蚀剂为IMC-871W缓蚀剂，IMC-871W为水溶性缓蚀剂，其作用是降低金属的腐蚀速率。消泡剂为聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚，pH调节剂为浓度28wt.％的氨水。
上述核污染清洗去污剂的实验数据和实验结果如下：该配方去污因子最高可达157，去污率可达82％以上，余污率可低至6％。
实施例结果表明，该去污剂适用于核电站放射性污染构件的核污染去污。同时，该产品具有较强的去污能力和渗透性，易溶于水，高效，低泡，无刺激性气味等特点；另外，产品中缓蚀剂的添加，避免其在清洗金属表面污染时腐蚀金属。

Claims (6)

1.一种核污染清洗去污剂，其特征在于：按重量份数计，该清洗去污剂的原料包括如下组分：
2.按照权利要求1所述的核污染清洗去污剂，其特征在于：所述缓蚀剂为IMC-80-N缓蚀剂、IMC-80-ZS缓蚀剂、IMC-80-BH缓蚀剂、IMC-871-W缓蚀剂或IMC-871-GH1缓蚀剂。
3.按照权利要求1所述的核污染清洗去污剂，其特征在于：所述消泡剂为有机醇类，所述pH调节剂为碱性添加剂。
4.按照权利要求1或3所述的核污染清洗去污剂，其特征在于：所述消泡剂为乳化硅油、高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚，所述pH调节剂为磷酸氢二钠、氢氧化钠或氨水。
5.按照权利要求1所述的核污染清洗去污剂的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将原料乙二胺四乙酸四钠和油酸三乙醇胺按比例加入到反应容器A中，再加入部分去离子水，缓慢搅拌后得到粘稠状物料；
(2)将剩余去离子水和柠檬酸加入反应容器B中，加热到40～60℃，搅拌使其成透明液体；
(3)待容器B冷却到室温后，将容器A中的粘稠状物料和容器B内的透明液体混合，搅拌条件下获得混合物料；
(4)在步骤(3)所得混合物料中，依次按比例加入原料苯甲酸钠、缓蚀剂、消泡剂、乙醇和pH调节剂，搅拌使其充分混合和溶解，得到的茶色透明液体即为所述核污染清洗去污剂；
(5)装瓶或桶后完成生产。
6.按照权利要求5所述的核污染清洗去污剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，在反应容器A中加入的去离子水占原料中去离子水总量的60％。
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