CN107825956A - 用于车辆的驱动组件 - Google Patents

用于车辆的驱动组件 Download PDF

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CN107825956A
CN107825956A CN201710834746.6A CN201710834746A CN107825956A CN 107825956 A CN107825956 A CN 107825956A CN 201710834746 A CN201710834746 A CN 201710834746A CN 107825956 A CN107825956 A CN 107825956A
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internal combustion
combustion engine
drive component
driving
motor
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CN107825956B (zh
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F.魏斯
O.路德维希
C.迈斯纳
H.施勒德
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/082—Selecting or switching between different modes of propelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/10—Interpretation of driver requests or demands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有内燃机(2)和电机(10)的驱动组件(1)，其可与从动部(5)相联接和/或可相互联接，其中，为了操纵手动变速传动机构(4)设置有第一操纵组件(11)，其构造成，为了电气驱动部与内燃机的驱动部之间的驱动变换，经由可由驾驶员主动操作的操纵组件(11)的操作元件(11a)如此切换变速转动机构(4)，即，首先，引起作为电机(10)的可在从动部(5)处使用的驱动力矩作为推动力矩经启动时期来作为到内燃机(2)上的启动力矩，并且在启动内燃机(2)之后，内燃机(2)的驱动力矩可用作从动部(5)处的推动力矩。本发明另外涉及一种带有这样的驱动组件的车辆100。

Description

用于车辆的驱动组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的带有内燃机和电机的驱动组件，其可与从动部相联接和/或可相互联接。
背景技术
这样的包括多个不同的驱动机组(通常包括内燃机和一个或多个电机)的驱动部也称为混合动力驱动部。除了电机之外，还可使用其它不以化石燃料(例如氢气)运行的驱动源。
然而作为占多数的组合，在汽车领域中实现内燃机与一个或多个电机的组合。在驱动部构型方面在平行、串联和分混合动力之间作出区分，而在工作效率方面在所谓的轻度混合变型和全混动变型作出区分。
为了能最佳地耗尽这些驱动组合的可能性，需要在不同的驱动类型(内燃机、电机)之间变换或使这些驱动部组合地运行。
同时尝试减少车辆部件或驱动部件的数量并且多次使用可使用的部件(例如电机)。
在此所执行的是，多次使用电机，即不仅作为驱动机组，而且例如作为用于启动内燃机的辅助机组或还作为用于车载电网电源的发电机。
内燃机和电机大多可经由复杂的传动装置组件相互联接，以便于可实现期望的功能。
作为传动装置组件大多使用自动化的变速传动机构和/或附加传动机构，其允许共同地和/或彼此不相关地运行不同的驱动机组并且同时使电机如此与内燃机联接，使得其例如还可充当起动器。
在从电气驱动状态到内燃机的驱动状态的过渡的情况中，在此，电机启动内燃机。为了能在没有对于这种车辆的驾驶员而言可感觉到的功率/转矩干扰的情况下实现该过程，电机必须具有所谓的转矩余量，其附加于可使用的驱动转矩须可被调用。仅有如此才可在不发生可感觉到的牵引力中断的情况下在行驶运行中启动内燃机。该转矩余量需要“特大型的”电机，因为该余量在正常电气运行中不可使用。
此外，还需要复杂的运行策略，以便于在没有牵引力中断的情况下实现启动过程。这样的方式例如由文献DE 10 2007 050 774 A1、DE 10 2012 102 342 A1、DE 10 2005018 437 A1且接合来自EP 2 383 139 A1的复杂的双离合传动机构已知。所有这些方式所共同的是，它们需要带有复杂的(自动)传动机构组件的高成本的控制过程。这常常限制了混合动力技术在相对复杂的驱动部且由此高成本的车辆上的使用。
发明内容
于是，本发明的目的在于提供一种驱动组件，在其中至少部分去除上述缺点。
该目的通过根据本发明的根据权利要求1的驱动组件和根据权利要求10的车辆来实现。
由从属权利要求和以下对本发明的优选的实施例的说明得出本发明的另外有利的设计方案。
根据本发明的驱动组件具有内燃机和至少一个电机，其可与从动部相联接和/或可相互联接。在此，为了操纵手动的变速传动机构设置第一操纵组件，其构造成，为了在电气驱动部与内燃机的驱动部之间的驱动变换，经由可由驾驶员主动操作的操纵组件的操作元件如此切换变速传动机构，即，首先，引起作为电机的可在从动部处使用的驱动力矩作为推动力矩(必要时经由变速传动机构)经启动时期来作为到内燃机上的启动力矩，并且在启动内燃机之后，内燃机的驱动力矩可用作在从动部处的推动力矩。
该组件还使得如下成为可能，即，借助于电机使带有手动变速传动机构的传统的传动系混合动力化。在此，可在驱动部侧或从动部侧或也在传动机构之内实现电机到已存在的变速比级的连结。
在驱动部侧的布置的情况中，电机布置在离合器与传动机构之间。在此，离合器布置在内燃机与电机之间。电机还可作用到在传动机构中的驱动级上或者其布置在传动机构之后的从动部侧的端部处。
在此，为了纯电气地行驶，打开在内燃机与传动机构或在内燃机与电机之间的离合器并且可使用电机的整个驱动力矩。如果现在应从电气驱动状态过渡到内燃机的驱动状态(驱动变换)，则经由可由驾驶员主动操作的操纵组件的操作元件使该驱动变换激活。在此，如此切换变速传动机构，即，首先引起电机的在从动部处可使用的驱动力矩(推动力矩)经启动时期来作为到内燃机上的启动力矩。这例如由此来进行，即，闭合在电机与内燃机之间的离合器并且电机“拖高(Hochschleppen)”内燃机。在该启动时期之后，于是可使用内燃机的驱动力矩来作为从动部处的推动力矩，更确切地说单独使用或与电机的驱动力矩相组合地来使用。
虽然在启动过程期间出现牵引力干扰(Zugkrafteinbruch)，然而其适宜地跟随驾驶员的操作实现，该驾驶员操纵可被主动操作的操作元件。于是，驾驶员有意识地导入切换过程并且如此为在切换过程期间出现的牵引力干扰作准备(类似于在利用传统的手动变速传动机构换挡的情况中那样)。以该方式可利用电机的整个电功率来启动内燃机，而不出现意外的牵引力干扰。
该布置尤其在起动车辆的情况中是有用的。如此，例如可利用电机来从静止中启动，且于是驾驶员使用切换过程，在起动之后，挂入下一档位并且在换挡期间借助于电机开动内燃机。以该方式，还可利用相对弱功率的电机来实现起动和紧接着到内燃机的运行中的过渡，所述弱功率的电机例如以带有大约12kW的功率范围的48-V-车载-/牵引电网来运行。
然而还可行的是，所谓的电气档位或E-档位设置成与其它机械的传动机构级相接合。
存在如下实施方案，在其中，第一操纵组件包括变速杠杆组件，其操作元件(例如变速杠杆)构造成可手动地调节到多个内燃机的和至少一个电气档位选择位置中。如此，组件所具有的优点是，经由常用的操作元件、变速杠杆可手操作在电气与内燃机的运行方式之间的过渡。
在此，存在如下实施方案，在其中，在调节变速杠杆组件的情况中，激活从电气档位选择位置到内燃机档位选择位置中的驱动变换。在经由变速杠杆组件的档位选择操作中，驾驶员所适应的是，忍受牵引力中断。驾驶员不为此而感到意外，而是与其操作相关联地预期到了这种情况(已实现的驾驶期望)。
存在另外的实施形式，在其中，可经由第二操纵组件调整电气档位选择位置。由此，例如经由分开的操纵组件将E档位挂入变速传动机构的任何一个切换位置中。这可使操作性简易化，因为如此使电气驱动部和机械切换(同样在从电气驱动到内燃机驱动的过渡的情况中)在功能上彼此分开。
在此，存在如下实施方案，在其中，该第二操纵组件包括手动开关。如此，手动开关还可例如是尤其发光的按键，于是例如在当存在对从内燃机到电气运行状态的过渡的建议时，该按键闪亮。
在另外的实施方案中，在电气驱动部与内燃机驱动部之间的过渡或驱动变换还可在操纵踏板的情况中激活。该踏板可以是离合器踏板或者但是也可以是加速踏板或节气门踏板。离合器踏板的操纵通常导入到换挡中，并且驾驶员考虑到牵引力中断。如果这在电气运行状态中发生，则可由此清楚地信号告知现在期望内燃机的运行状态并且可提早地在踩下离合器的情况中已导入驱动变换，并且于是在挂入另一档位的情况中已可使用内燃机的驱动。在此，是发生换高速档还是换低速档是无关紧要的。
在另一实施形式中，激活从电气起动模式和/或(电气)加速模式的驱动变换。对于这样一种模式而言，通常踩下节气门踏板(踩下状态)并且首先使用电气驱动部的转矩，以便于将车辆带到运动中或使其加速，并且随后发生驱动变换，其类似地如同在在自动传动机构中的换挡的情况中是可预处理的，并且其以内燃机的驱动来终止。
在此，还存在如下实施方案，在其中，可在超过(可察觉到的)加速踏板阈限的情况中激活驱动变换。这可例如是带有更高阻力的压力点，其须被明显超过，以便于激活驱动变换。
在另一实施方案中，变速杠杆组件可在电气与内燃机的切换位置之间可卡锁地调节。由此除了选出的或变速杠杆组件可占据的所有切换位置，还存在附加的电气切换位置。在其中能可卡锁地调节变速杠杆，从而可经由变速杠杆组件的简单的、可清楚察觉到的调节变换地在电气与内燃机的运行之间变换。这里与此相关的时间上受限的牵引力损失也可由驾驶员通过察觉到卡锁位置和切换位置来预处理。
还可行的是，电气与内燃机的运行之间的变换附加地联接到离合器踏板的操纵处，从而可防止失误地在两种运行类型之间往复切换。
然而还存在如下实施方案，在其中，无卡入地实现在电气与内燃机的切换位置之间的该变换，从而例如在变换到电气运行的情况中仅须克服对于内燃机运行而言的卡锁并且可在没有附加的卡锁位置的情况下占据E位置。
或者存在如下实施方案，在其中，完全不设置卡锁，而是仅需要克服反作用力，以便于从内燃机的运行行进到电气运行中。变速杠杆弹回到其正常位置中。于是，当例如通过踩下离合器或也通过为了执行换挡所需的变速杠杆的另一运动来激活正常的切换过程(换挡)时，离开电气档位。
带有这样的驱动组件的车辆一方面利用混合动力技术的优点而另一方面放弃高的机械的且控制技术的耗费，其对于复杂的、自动化的传动机构而言是必须的，以便于可实现传统的混合动力驱动。由此，可行的是，提供相对而言成本适宜的但尽管如此可直观且可人类工程学地操作的混合动力车辆以供使用。
附图说明
现在示例性地且参考附图说明本发明的实施例。其中：
图1以示意图显示了带有根据本发明的驱动组件的车辆，
图2显示出用于根据本发明的驱动组件的切换图，
图3显示出用于根据本发明的驱动组件的备选的切换可行性方案。
附图标记清单
1 驱动组件
2 内燃机
3 离合器
4 手动变速传动机构
5 从动部
6 驱动轴
6a 传动机构输入轴
7 差速器
8 驱动轴线
9 驱动轮
10 电机
11 变速杠杆组件
12 数据线
13 控制设备
14 开关
15 显示装置
16 踏板(节气门踏板/离合器踏板)
17 切换概图
18 箭头方向
A1 第一切换备选方案
A2 第二切换备选方案
A3 第三切换备选方案。
具体实施方式
图1中的示意图显示根据本发明的驱动组件1的一实施例，其具有内燃机2，内燃机经由离合器3与手动变速传动机构4相联接。从动部5(点化箭头)经由与手动变速传动机构4经由差速器7相联接的驱动轴6作用到驱动轴线8和驱动轮9上。同时，电机10经由手动变速传动机构4的变速比级作用到传动机构输入轴6a上并且可由此在此通过挂入相应的档位与驱动轴6或经由离合器3与内燃机2相联接。
在另一实施例中，电机10还可布置在离合器3与手动变速传动机构4之间。在另一实施例中，电机10还可直接作用在驱动轴6处。
还可设置有另外的离合器，以便于例如使电机10完全从传动系脱开联接。
手动变速传动机构4机械地经由变速杠杆组件11以变速杠杆11a作为操作元件来操纵(该机械的联接通过虚线连接线来指明)。同时，变速杠杆组件11经由信号和/或数据线12与控制设备13相连接。控制设备13此外经由信号线12(点线)与内燃机2和电机10相连接以及与离合器3相连接。
此外，任选地另外的开关14、显示装置15或踏板16(离合器踏板和/或节气门踏板)可与控制设备13经由数据或信号线12相联接。
驱动组件1作为车辆100的组成部分示出(虚线框)。
如果车辆处于运行状态中，则在内燃机2与手动变速传动机构4之间的离合器3打开。这通过合适地控制来实现并且需要离合器踏板与离合器的机械分开。由此，驾驶员无需在该运行状态中操纵离合器。从动力矩仅仅经由电机10来提供并且使内燃机2脱离联接。
为了导入驱动变换，例如踩下踏板16，其在此应构造成离合器踏板。于是，控制设备13闭合离合器3并且由电机10提供的驱动力矩作用到内燃机2上，其由此被拖曳。在此期间必要时同时操纵手动变速传动机构4的传动机构离合器(未示出)，其允许换挡，更确切地说经由变速杠杆组件11来换挡。然而，驱动变换还可通过调节变速杠杆组件11从(E)位置引入到档位(1)至(6)中(参照图2)。
一旦内燃机2处于运行中，其于是可经由闭合的离合器3和手动变速传动机构4在从动部5或在驱动轴8处提供其驱动功率或其驱动转矩。
图2显示了变速杠杆组件11或手动变速传动机构4的切换概图17。在此多个档位级(这里(1)至(4)，在另外的实施方案中所有切换级)附加地关联有电气切换级(E)，其可在箭头方向18上被占据。在从内燃机驱动变换出来的情况中，例如将变速杠杆组件11从位置(1)带入到位置(E)中。
图3对此显示了多个备选方案，如其可发生的那样。
在备选方案A1中，对于内燃机的切换位置和电气的切换位置而言设置有卡锁点(通过环形示出)，变速杠杆组件11可卡锁地调节到其中。变速杠杆组件11卡入到该位置中并且相应地可仅在克服相应的卡锁阻力的情况下被从该位置中带出。在此，卡锁阻力对于不同的切换位置而言可以是不同的，从而还可触觉地检测和区分相应的初始位置和/或终端位置。
备选方案A2显示出一实施方案，在其中仅为内燃机的运行设置卡锁点(环形)，而电气位置仅通过调节路径利用端点(封闭点)来表示，其然而不是卡锁点。
实施方案A3显示了一种概图，在其中同样仅内燃机的切换位置构造成卡锁点，而电机的切换位置仅在(短暂)克服反作用力(通过横梁表示)的情况下可被占据，该反作用力使变速杠杆组件又引回到卡锁点中。在此存在弹性复位。
在一实施方案中，在其中踏板16构造成节气门踏板，其可具有压力点(可感觉到的阻力)，在将其克服的情况中实现从电气行驶状态到内燃机的行驶状态中的运行变换。
替代待克服的压力点，还可设置成，当完全踩下节气门踏板(踩下状态)时发生行驶状态变换。
在另外的实施方案中，还可设置成，开关14用于导入从内燃机的行驶状态到电气行驶状态中的过渡(或反之亦然)。在此，可以是仅仅电气的行驶状态，然而也可以是内燃机-电气组合的行驶状态(例如增压(Boosten))，在其中两种驱动机组在传动侧起作用。
例如以其最简单的行驶构造成灯(必要时集成在开关14中)或也构造成完整的显示器的显示装置15可显示出综合的信息，其可接合开关14来用于向驾驶员指示处优选的、例如尤其经济的运行状态。
本发明的另外的实施方案和改型方案对于专业人士而言在权利要求的范畴中给出。

Claims (10)

1.一种带有内燃机(2)和电机(10)的驱动组件(1)，其能与从动部(5)相联接和/或能相互联接，其中，为了操纵手动变速传动机构(4)设置有第一操纵组件(11)，其构造成，为了在电气驱动部与内燃机的驱动部之间的驱动变换，能经由能由驾驶员主动操作的操纵组件(11)的操作元件(11a)如此来切换所述变速传动机构(4)，即，首先引起所述电机(10)的能在所述从动部(5)处使用的驱动力矩作为推动力矩经启动时期来作为到所述内燃机(2)上的启动力矩，并且在启动所述内燃机(2)之后，所述内燃机(2)的驱动力矩能用作在所述从动部(5)处推动力矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动组件(1)，在其中，所述第一操纵组件包括变速杠杆组件(11)，其变速杠杆(11a)构造成能手动地在多个内燃机的且在至少一个电气档位选择位置(E)中调节。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动组件(1)，在其中，所述驱动变换在调节所述变速杠杆组件(11)的情况中从电气档位选择位置(E)激活到内燃机的档位选择位置中。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驱动组件(1)，在其中，电气档位选择位置能经由第二操纵组件(14)来调整。
5.根据权利要求4所述的驱动组件(1)，在其中，所述第二操纵组件包括手动开关(14)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动组件，在其中，在所述电气驱动部与所述内燃机的驱动部之间的驱动变换能在操纵踏板(16)的情况中激活。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动组件(1)，在其中，所述驱动变换从电气起动模式和/或加速模式中激活。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的驱动组件(1)，在其中，所述驱动变换能在超过加速踏板阈限的情况中被激活。
9.根据权利要求2至8中任一项所述的驱动组件(1)，在其中，所述变速杠杆组件(11)能在电气与内燃机的切换位置之间能卡锁地调节。
10.一种带有根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的驱动组件(1)的车辆(100)。
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