CN107821087B - Method for improving sandy soil by using sludge and improved sandy soil - Google Patents
Method for improving sandy soil by using sludge and improved sandy soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving sandy soil by using sludge, which comprises the following steps: 1) screening the planting soil, and determining the mass percentage of soil particles in each particle size range; 2) respectively screening the sludge and the sandy soil, wherein the screened particle size range is consistent with the screened particle size range of the planting soil; 3) and (3) mixing the sludge and the sandy soil particles in each particle size range in a mass ratio of 3: (7-27) combining in proportion to form combined soil with different particle size ranges; 4) mixing the combined soil in the step 3) according to the mass percentage of soil particles in each particle size range in the planting soil in the step 1) to obtain mixed soil; 5) and (4) performing dry-wet circulation on the mixed soil to obtain the improved sandy soil. The improved sandy soil obtained by the method has excellent planting performance which is very close to planting soil, and all indexes of the improved sandy soil meet the garden soil planting standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge application, in particular to a method for improving sandy soil by using sludge and the improved sandy soil. .
Background
In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental awareness, the sewage treatment industry of China is rapidly developed, and the treatment technology level is close to that of developed countries. As is known, a large amount of sludge is generated in the sewage treatment process, and the current treatment and disposal methods of sludge mainly include landfill, incineration, land utilization, comprehensive utilization (building material utilization) and the like. The landfill treatment of the sludge occupies a large amount of land, a large amount of transportation cost is consumed, and after the sludge is buried, seriously polluted liquid can seep out to pollute an underground water source; the incineration investment of the sludge is large, the cost is high, the management is complex, toxic and harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, dioxin and the like are easily generated, and the gases can pollute the air and possibly cause secondary pollution. At present, land utilization is a recognized optimal sludge disposal mode. The municipal sludge contains a certain amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese and other elements required by crop growth, so that the sludge can be used as a fertilizer, and the sludge contains a large amount of organic matters, so that the sludge can be used as a soil conditioner to improve the soil fertility. Therefore, the utilization of the sludge land can not only effectively utilize the nutrient components in the sludge, but also has low cost and large required amount, can promote soil curing, and is a sludge disposal method generally advocated by various countries at present.
As one of the countries with the greatest harm from desertification in China, desertification land is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid regions and semi-humid regions in the north, including inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other partial regions, and the semi-arid regions in the east of Heilan mountain are more concentrated. The soil in desertification land is mostly sandy soil which is low in fertility, and the soil has large pores, small pores, weak capillary action, loose soil, good water and air permeability and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity among soil particles. The contents of organic matters and various nutrients in sandy soil are lower, the decomposition of the organic matters in the soil is fast, the accumulation is less, and the nutrients are easy to leach out, so that various nutrients are relatively poor.
At present, a compounding scheme for improving soil by adopting sludge is available, however, the existing compounding scheme only focuses on the mass ratio of the sludge to the soil to be improved or a certain characteristic of the improved soil, for example, Pb is treated by cooked sludge modified loess published in environmental chemistry in 20152+Adsorption/desorption characteristics of (1%), 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% by mass of the matured sludge was investigated for Pb in soil samples2+Adsorption and desorption characteristics of (1). However, many of the physicochemical properties of the improved sandy soil, such as soil bulk weight, total soil porosity, maximum water content, etc., are still not ideal enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving sandy soil by using sludge, which can quickly promote the formation of soil aggregates so as to improve the physicochemical properties of the improved sandy soil.
The invention provides a method for improving sandy soil by using sludge, which comprises the following steps: 1) screening 4-6 continuous particle size ranges of the planting soil to obtain soil particles in different particle size ranges, and weighing to determine the mass percentage of the soil particles in each particle size range in the total soil amount; 2) respectively screening the sludge and the sandy soil, wherein the screened particle size range is consistent with the screened particle size range of the planting soil; 3) and (3) mixing the sludge and the sandy soil particles in each particle size range in a mass ratio of 3: (7-27) combining in proportion to form combined soil with different particle size ranges; 4) mixing the combined soil with different particle size ranges obtained in the step 3) according to the mass percentage of the soil particles with different particle size ranges obtained in the step 1) to obtain mixed soil; 5) performing circulating dry-wet treatment on the mixed soil obtained in the step 4) to obtain improved sandy soil; the single dry-wet treatment process comprises the following steps: mixing the mixed soil with water, and then sequentially pressurizing, stirring and drying; wherein the time sequence between the step 1) and the steps 2) and 3) is not limited.
Preferably, the planting soil is sieved by 5 particle size ranges in the step 1).
Preferably, the 5 particle size ranges are: (0, 0.15mm), [0.15mm, 0.3), [0.3mm, 0.6mm), [0.6mm, 1.25mm) and [1.25mm, 2.5 mm).
Preferably, the number of the dry-wet cycles in the step 5) is 2-4.
Preferably, the water content of the mixed soil after the step of mixing with water in the step 5) is 15-30%.
Preferably, the pressure of the pressure stirring in the step 5) is 0.3-0.5 MPa.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the pressure stirring in the step 5) is 240-280 r/min.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step 5) is 100-110 ℃.
Preferably, the drying time in the step 5) is 10-14 h.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the sameThe improved sandy soil obtained by the method has the mass ratio of sludge to sandy soil in the improved sandy soil of 3: (7-27); the mass percentage of the soil particles with different particle size ranges in the improved sandy soil is consistent with that of the planting soil; the physical and chemical indexes of the improved sandy soil are as follows: the pH value is 7-8; EC, 900-1000 mus/cm; the organic matter content is 3-4%; the content of the hydrolyzable nitrogen is 300-350 mg/kg; the effective phosphorus content is 120-180 mg/kg; the content of the quick-acting potassium is 1000-1100 mg/kg; the volume weight of the soil is 1.1-1.5 g/cm3(ii) a The total porosity of the soil is 50-55%; the porosity of the capillary is 30-33%; the maximum water content is 25-30%; the percentage of water-stable large aggregates is 85-90%; and fractal dimension 2-3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method starts from the aspect of soil particle size, determines the proportion of the sludge and the sandy soil in different particle size ranges, artificially accelerates the formation of the soil aggregate structure through circulating dry-wet treatment, greatly shortens the formation time of the soil aggregate, increases the water stability of the soil aggregate, and improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The improved sandy soil obtained by the method has excellent planting performance which is very close to planting soil, and indexes such as pH value, EC, organic matter content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content, soil volume weight, soil total porosity, maximum water content, water-stable large aggregate percentage, fractal dimension and the like all accord with the garden soil planting standard; the method of the invention realizes the resource treatment of the sludge while improving the sandy soil, and effectively utilizes the sludge in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a sludge-modified sandy soil according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing chlorophyll content of alfalfa leaves planted in modified sandy soil in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing stems and leaves of alfalfa grown in modified sandy soil as compared to a control in example 4;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the root system of the improved sandy soil planted alfalfa of example 4 with the control.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving sandy soil by using sludge, which comprises the following steps: 1) screening 4-6 particle size ranges of the planting soil, and weighing to determine the mass percentage of soil particles in each particle size range; 2) respectively screening the sludge and the sandy soil, wherein the screened particle size range is consistent with the screened particle size range of the planting soil; 3) and (3) mixing the sludge and the sandy soil particles in each particle size range in a mass ratio of 3: (7-27) combining in proportion to form combined soil with different particle size ranges; 4) mixing the combined soil in the step 3) according to the mass percentage of soil particles in each particle size range in the planting soil in the step 1) to obtain mixed soil; 5) performing dry-wet circulation on the mixed soil to obtain improved sandy soil; the dry-wet cycle process comprises the steps of adding water into the mixed soil, pressurizing, stirring and drying.
In the invention, the planting soil is the planting soil with various physical and chemical indexes meeting the requirements of planting crops, the source of the planting soil is not limited, and the planting soil in the specific embodiment of the invention is the planting soil in Wuqing district in Tianjin.
The method comprises the steps of screening the planting soil in different particle size ranges, and weighing to determine the mass percentage of soil particles in each particle size range. In the invention, the different particle sizes range from 4 to 6, preferably 5; the specific 5 particle size ranges in the present invention are preferably: (0, 0.15mm), [0.15mm, 0.3), [0.3mm, 0.6mm), [0.6mm, 1.25mm) and [1.25mm, 2.5 mm).
The method for screening the planting soil is not particularly limited, and the conventional screening method in the field can be adopted. In the implementation process of the invention, the planting soil with determined quality is preferably screened by a standard sieve; in the present invention, the standard sieve preferably has mesh sizes of 0.15mm, 0.3mm, 0.6mm, 1.25mm, and 2.5mm, respectively. After the planting soil with determined mass is screened, the mass of the soil particles in each particle size range obtained after screening is weighed, and then the mass percentage of the soil particles in each particle size range in the total amount of the planting soil is calculated.
The method also comprises the step of screening the sludge and the sandy soil, wherein the screened particle size range is consistent with the screened particle size range of the planting soil, and the screening is not repeated. The invention obtains sludge and sandy soil particles with different particle size ranges after the sludge and the sandy soil are screened. Sludge and sandy soil particles are preferably obtained in the following size ranges: (0, 0.15mm), [0.15mm, 0.3), [0.3mm, 0.6mm), [0.6mm, 1.25mm) and [1.25mm, 2.5 mm).
After the screening of the sludge and the sandy soil is finished, the sludge and the sandy soil particles in each particle size range are respectively combined to form combined soil in different particle size ranges; the mass ratio of the sludge to the sandy soil mixed in each particle size range is 3: (7-27), preferably 3: (9-18), more preferably 1:9 or 2:8 or 3: 7.
After the combined soil with different particle size ranges is obtained, the obtained combined soil is mixed according to the mass percentage content of soil particles in each particle size range in the planting soil to obtain the mixed soil. I.e. to ensure that the content of soil particles in each particle size range in the mixed soil is the same as that of the planting soil. For example, the mass percentage content of soil particles with the particle size of less than 0.15mm in the planting soil is A; the composite soil has the grain size of less than or equal to 0.15mm and less than 0.3mm, the soil particles have the mass percentage content of A, the grain size of less than or equal to 0.3mm and less than or equal to 0.6mm, the soil particles have the mass percentage content of D, the grain size of less than or equal to 1.25mm and less than or equal to 1.25mm, and the soil particles have the mass percentage content of E, when the composite soil is mixed, the composite soil with different grain size ranges is mixed according to the grain size ranges (the grain size is less than 0.15 mm): (0.15. ltoreq. particle size <0.3 mm): (0.3. ltoreq. particle size <0.6 mm): (0.6. ltoreq. particle size <1.25 mm): (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 1.25 and less than 2.5mm) is A: b: c: d: e, mixing the materials by mass to ensure that the mass percentage of each particle size range in the mixed soil is the same as that of the planting soil.
After the mixed soil is obtained, the mixed soil is subjected to circulating dry-wet treatment to obtain the improved sandy soil. In the invention, the number of the circulating dry and wet treatment is 2-4, preferably 3. The dry and wet treatment process is circularly carried out by three steps of adding water, pressurizing and stirring and drying. In the invention, each dry and wet treatment process comprises the steps of adding water into the mixed soil, pressurizing, stirring and drying. In the invention, the water is added into the mixed soil by adopting a conventional water adding method in the field, the added water is not particularly limited, and the water is common in the field, and can be specifically distilled water, tap water or irrigation water. According to the invention, water and the mixed soil are preferably mixed uniformly after the step of adding water, the method for mixing uniformly is preferably stirring, the stirring mode, the rotating speed and the time are not specially limited, and the uniform mixing can be realized.
The water adding amount in the water adding step is preferably 15-30%, preferably 20-25% of the water content of the mixed soil after water is added and uniformly mixed.
After water is added, the mixed soil after water is added and uniformly mixed is pressurized and stirred, and the pressure of the pressurized stirring is preferably 0.3-0.5 MPa, more preferably 0.4 MPa; the rotation speed of the pressure stirring is preferably 240-280 r/min, and more preferably 260 r/min. The time of the pressurized stirring is preferably 10-20 minh; more preferably 15 min; in the present invention, the pressure agitation is preferably performed by a mechanical agitator.
After the pressurized stirring, drying the pressurized and stirred mixed soil, wherein the drying temperature is preferably 100-110 ℃, and more preferably 105 ℃; the drying time is preferably 10-14 h, and more preferably 12 h. The drying method is not particularly limited, and the drying method can be realized by adopting a conventional drying method in the field, and particularly, an oven is adopted in the implementation process of the invention.
The invention also provides the improved sandy soil prepared by the method, wherein the mass ratio of the sludge to the sandy soil in the improved sandy soil is 3: (7-27); the mass percentage of the soil particles with different particle size ranges in the improved sandy soil is consistent with that of the planting soil; the physical and chemical indexes of the improved sandy soil are as follows: the pH value is 7-8; EC, 900-1000 mus/cm; the organic matter content is 3-4%; the content of the hydrolyzable nitrogen is 300-350 mg/kg; the effective phosphorus content is 120-180 mg/kg; the content of the quick-acting potassium is 1000-1100 mg/kg; the volume weight of the soil is 1.1-1.5 g/cm3(ii) a The total porosity of the soil is 50-55%; the porosity of the capillary is 30-33%; the maximum water content is 25-30%; water-stable agglomerateThe percentage is 85-90%; and fractal dimension 2-3.
The specific implementation process flow of the method for improving sandy soil by using sludge is shown in figure 1, the planting soil is screened to obtain the weight ratio of soil particles with different particle size ranges, and the sludge and the sandy soil are screened; then mixing the sludge and the sandy soil with different particle size particles according to the different particle size particle proportion of the planting soil, and carrying out circulating dry-wet treatment for 3 times to obtain the improved sandy soil.
The method for improving sandy soil with sludge and the sandy soil prepared by the method according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, and the technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
The specific description is made by taking the preparation of 1000g of improved sandy soil as an example, and the schematic diagram of the steps of the method is shown in figure 1.
5 parts of 300g of soil in Tianjin Wuqing district were taken as planting soil and sieved for particle gradation, and the gradation distribution of the soil was measured as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 screening results of soil planted in Wuqing district of Tianjin City
Sludge according to the mass ratio: the proportion of sandy soil was 1:9, the gradation proportion of the improved sandy soil was calculated, and the amounts of sludge and sandy soil added to 1000g of the improved sandy soil are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 addition amounts of sludge and sandy soil in 1000g of improved sandy soil in example 1
Mixing the dried sludge and sandy soil according to the particle size range and the calculated content to obtain mixed soil, adding 250ml of distilled water into the mixed soil, and stirring uniformly until the water content of the mixed soil is 26%; then adding the mixture into a mechanical stirrer to perform mechanical pressurization stirring for 1h at 260r/min under 0.4MPa, and after the pressurization process is finished, putting the soil into a drying oven at 105 ℃ to dry for 12 h; adding water, stirring and drying, and repeating the steps for 3 times to obtain the improved sandy soil for landscaping planting.
The determination of the soil moisture content adopts a drying method, and the determination method comprises the following steps: drying the covered container and the cover at 105 + -5 deg.C for 1h, slightly cooling, covering the cover, cooling in a drier for at least 45min, and measuring the mass m of the covered container0To the nearest 0.01g
② taking 10-15g soil sample by sample spoon, transferring to weighed container with cover, covering container cover, measuring total mass m1To the nearest 0.01 g.
Taking off the container cover, putting the container and the sample into an oven, drying at 105 +/-5 ℃ to constant weight, and simultaneously drying the container cover. Covering the container cover, placing in a dryer for cooling for at least 45min, taking out, and immediately measuring the total mass m of the container with the cover and the dried soil2To the nearest 0.01 g.
Results calculation and representation:
and (3) soil moisture content:
in the formula:
ωH2O-water content in the soil sample,%;
m0-mass of lidded container, g;
m1-total mass of covered container and soil sample, g;
m2total mass of covered container and dried soil, g.
Each sample was set to 2 replicates and the assay was accurate to 0.01%.
Table 3 shows the detection indexes of the improved sandy soil and the reference soil, and the standards of each index.
TABLE 3 indexes for testing improved sandy soil and reference soil and standards for each index
According to the detection result, each index of the improved sandy soil obtained by the method of the embodiment is very close to that of the reference planting soil, and the indexes all meet the garden soil planting standard.
Example 2
Taking the preparation of 1000g of improved sandy soil as an example, the following concrete steps are carried out:
the source of the planting soil and the screening result are the same as those of the example 1, and the mass ratio of the sludge: the proportion of sandy soil was 2:8, and the gradation proportion of the improved sandy soil was calculated, and the amounts of sludge and sandy soil added to 1000g of the improved sandy soil are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 addition amount of sludge and sandy soil in 1000g of improved sandy soil in example 2
Mixing the dried sludge and sandy soil according to the particle size range and the calculated content to obtain mixed soil, adding 250ml of tap water into the mixed soil, mixing, and after uniformly stirring, ensuring that the water content of the mixed soil is 20%, wherein the determination method of the soil water content is the same as that in the embodiment 1; then adding the mixture into a mechanical stirrer to perform mechanical pressurization stirring for 1h at 270r/min under the pressure of 0.35MPa, and after the pressurization process is finished, putting the soil into a drying oven at 105 ℃ to dry for 12 h; adding water, stirring and drying, and repeating the steps for 3 times to obtain the improved sandy soil for landscaping planting.
Example 3
Taking the preparation of 1000g of improved sandy soil as an example, the following concrete steps are carried out:
the source of the planting soil and the screening result are the same as those of the example 1, and the mass ratio of the sludge: the proportion of sandy soil was 3:7, and the gradation proportion of the improved sandy soil was calculated, and the amounts of sludge and sandy soil added to 1000g of the improved sandy soil are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 addition amount of sludge and sandy soil in 1000g of improved sandy soil in example 3
Mixing the dried sludge and sandy soil according to the particle size range and the calculated content to obtain mixed soil, adding 220ml of tap water into the mixed soil, mixing, and after uniformly stirring, the water content of the mixed soil is 17%, wherein the determination method of the soil water content is the same as that in the embodiment 1; then adding the mixture into a mechanical stirrer to perform mechanical pressurization stirring for 2 hours at the pressure of 0.35MPa and at the speed of 270r/min, and after the pressurization process is finished, putting the soil into a drying oven at the temperature of 105 ℃ to dry for 12 hours; adding water, stirring and drying, and repeating the steps for 3 times to obtain the improved sandy soil for landscaping planting.
Example 4
To further verify the feasibility of the method of the present invention, planting experiments were performed, wherein alfalfa was planted in the modified sandy soil prepared in examples 1 and 2, and observed for one month. The chlorophyll content in the plant leaves is measured, and the measurement result is shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the chlorophyll content in the leaves of the reference soil is the largest, and the chlorophyll content in the leaves of the example 1 (sludge: sandy soil is 1:9) is higher than that in the leaves of the example 2 (sludge: sandy soil is 2:8), so that the plants planted in the compound soil of the example 1 have better photosynthesis. It can be seen that the chlorophyll content of the alfalfa leaves planted in the improved sandy soil described in example 1 is higher than that of both the reference soil and the sandy soil, which indicates that the chlorophyll content in the leaves can be obviously increased by adding a proper amount of sludge.
Photographs of the modified sandy soil described in examples 1 and 2 and referring to stems and roots of alfalfa planted in the figures are shown in fig. 3 and 4, in which sandy soil, reference soil, compound soil of example 1, and compound soil of example 2 are shown in sequence from left to right. The stem length of the alfalfa planted in the improved sandy soil obtained by the method in the example 1 is longer, and the root system is more luxuriant; the result shows that the plants planted in the improved sandy soil obtained by the preparation method of the example 1 have the most vigorous diameter length and root length, the improved sandy soil is more suitable for the growth of the plants compared with the reference soil, and simultaneously, the proper amount of sludge added in the improved sandy soil can obviously improve the chlorophyll content in the leaves, promote the absorption of the leaves to nitrogen and improve the growth quality of the plants.
As is apparent from the above examples, the method for improving sandy soil with sludge according to the present invention accelerates the formation of aggregates by applying a predetermined pressure from the viewpoint of the particle composition of soil and the formation of aggregate structure, artificially accelerates the formation of aggregate structure in soil, and greatly shortens the formation time of aggregate in soil. The improved sandy soil obtained by the method has excellent planting performance which is very close to planting soil, and all indexes of the improved sandy soil accord with the planting standard of garden soil; the method of the invention realizes the resource treatment of the sludge while improving the sandy soil, and effectively utilizes the sludge in China.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving sandy soil by using sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) screening the planting soil in 5 continuous particle size ranges to obtain soil particles in different particle size ranges, and weighing to obtain the mass percentage of the soil particles in each particle size range in the total amount of the planting soil;
2) respectively screening the sludge and the sandy soil, wherein the screened particle size range is consistent with the screened particle size range of the planting soil;
3) according to the screening result of the step 2), the sludge and sandy soil particles in each particle size range are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3: (7-27) mixing the materials in proportion to obtain combined soil with different particle size ranges;
4) mixing the combined soil with different particle size ranges obtained in the step 3) according to the mass percentage of the soil particles with different particle size ranges obtained in the step 1) to obtain mixed soil;
5) performing circulating dry-wet treatment on the mixed soil obtained in the step 4) to obtain improved sandy soil; the single dry and wet treatment process comprises the following steps: mixing the mixed soil with water, and then sequentially pressurizing, stirring and drying;
wherein the time sequence between the step 1) and the steps 2) and 3) is not limited;
the 5 continuous particle size ranges are: (0, 0.15mm), [0.15mm, 0.3mm), [0.3mm, 0.6mm), [0.6mm, 1.25mm) and [1.25mm, 2.5 mm);
the cycle number of the cyclic dry-wet treatment in the step 5) is 2-4;
the water content of the mixed soil after the step of mixing with water in the step 5) is 15-30%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the pressure stirring in the step 5) is 0.3-0.5 MPa.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotation speed of the pressure stirring in the step 5) is 240-280 r/min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying in the step 5) is 100 to 110 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the drying time in the step 5) is 10-14 h.
6. An improved sandy soil obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising, by mass, 3: (7-27) sludge and sandy soil; the above-mentionedThe mass percentage of soil particles with different particle size ranges in the improved sandy soil is consistent with that of the planting soil; the physical and chemical indexes of the improved sandy soil are as follows: the pH value is 7-8; EC, 900-1000 mus/cm; the organic matter content is 3-4%; the content of the hydrolyzable nitrogen is 300-350 mg/kg; the effective phosphorus content is 120-180 mg/kg; the content of the quick-acting potassium is 1000-1100 mg/kg; the volume weight of the soil is 1.1-1.5 g/cm3(ii) a The total porosity of the soil is 50-55%; the porosity of the capillary is 30-33%; the maximum water content is 25-30%; the percentage of water-stable large aggregates is 85-90%; and fractal dimension 2-3.
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