CN107817087A - A kind of water tank device and operating method for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS - Google Patents
A kind of water tank device and operating method for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Download PDFInfo
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- CN107817087A CN107817087A CN201711059444.2A CN201711059444A CN107817087A CN 107817087 A CN107817087 A CN 107817087A CN 201711059444 A CN201711059444 A CN 201711059444A CN 107817087 A CN107817087 A CN 107817087A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water tank device and operating method for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, belong to environmental fluid mechanics field.The present invention drives the runner of bottom of gullet to produce shearing force and drives trough inner water stream to move, realize that flow velocity is incremented by from bottom to top layer in groove, meet the vertical flow speed characteristic of natural river course by adjustable motor；Meanwhile to weaken the Secondary Flow and the radially distributed unequal characteristic of flow velocity of tank, one section of straight trough section is set in the sink, increase straight line flow, flow velocity is transversely distributed tends to be uniform.The present invention can be not only used for the research of current, hydrodynamic characterisitic, apply also for the experiment of the Related Mechanisms such as water quality, water environment.Itself it is a technical advantage that：Tank is fixed, and by bottom driven by rotating wheel water movement, more meets the vertical flow speed characteristic of natural river course, device construction and control system are simple, and cost is relatively low, and experiment is workable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental fluid mechanics field, is used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS more specifically to one kind
Water tank device and operating method.
Background technology
In recent decades, water body deposit research is always the problem that Environmental Science and water conservancy subject are paid close attention to jointly, is studied
Influence of the external impetus disturbance to deposit is mainly using field inspection and lab simulation this two classes method.Field inspection is due to wind
The randomness and uncontrollability of the conditions such as wave, current are too strong, usually produce larger systematic error, are brought to theory analysis larger
Limitation, therefore normally only with investigating and checking research.Carrying out the related theoretical research based on kinetic mechanism at present is often
Using lab simulation method, the key of simulation is related to external impetus disturbance simulation and the aspect of natural water body simulation two.Wherein, simulate
The common method of external impetus disturbance can be divided into rotary propeller type, piston type, oscillatory type, make waves and blowing-type, simulate natural water body
Common method can be divided into three kinds of triangle vial-type, straight pipe type and water tank type.
In the method for simulating external impetus disturbance, rotary propeller type is to disturb drive water sports in water to draw by revolving oar
Play deposit to suspend, the limitation that this method is exerted a force, water body discontinuity can be caused；Piston type is to utilize piston in water
Pump and cause the disturbance to deposit top layer so as to produce suspension, the water (flow) direction and natural water body difference of this method
It is larger；Oscillatory type is deposit is suspended by the oscillation action of oscillator, and its flow velocity does not meet day on vertical characteristics
The feature in right river course；It is that the wave agitation deposit produced using wave maker makes it produce suspension to make waves, is connect with actual conditions
Closely, but wave simulator is complicated and cost is larger；Blowing-type is difficult to accurately adjust blast orifice position and its angle with water surface,
Also it is unfavorable for the development of experiment.
In the method for simulating natural water body, triangle vial-type, straight pipe type simulation natural water body obviously have sizable limitation
Property, it is impossible to reflect the flow field condition of water-outlet body, water tank type simulation can approach with actual conditions.Therefore, indoor water tank device is
The generating process and the visual plant of study mechanism that pollutant discharges in deposit under development external impetus perturbation action.Tank is pressed
Shape mainly includes straight tank, annular water tank, turn back straight flume.Wherein annular water tank, which has, takes up an area the characteristics of small, cost is low,
And water storage tank and reflux need not be set, and without the influence for entering head piece and flow export, therefore annular water tank is in research hydrodynamic(al)
Had a wide range of applications in force characteristic, water quality, water environment Related Mechanism.Current existing annular water tank is to study lake humorously mostly
Deposit under the influence of stream, such as the Chinese patent 201320818449.X that publication date is on May 28th, 2014, drive device is located at
Water surface, the part that device contacts with water body is smaller, and the flow rate of water flow formed in the case of Same Efficieney is smaller, and motor effect is not
It is high.And for example publication date is that in September, 2017 Chinese patent of 29 days 201710356492.1 discloses one kind for environment and ecology
Hydraulics flow velocity experiment simulator and method, its flow velocity generating means is by frequency converter, variable-frequency motor, nylon plastic(s) rod, umbrella
Shape gear train, plastic material marine propeller, horizontal bearing composition, the propeller be arranged in parallel with the water surface, this simulation side
Plane flow velocity where rotation oar occurs in formula is big and smaller elsewhere, and water flow structure has larger difference with natural river course.
The content of the invention
1. to solve the problems, such as
For existing water tank device simulation external impetus disturbance method, simulate it is existing in the method for natural water body
Defect, the present invention provide a kind of water tank device and operating method for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, and true simulation is natural
The vertical flow speed characteristic in river course, water tank device of the invention can simulate the process that water sports cause sediment resuspension, meet
The Research Requirements of quantitative relationship, have simple structure, low cost, use between flow field motion-deposit release or settling flux
The advantages of facilitating.
2. technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, including tank, current power plant and base,
The tank is endless track shape, and the current power plant includes under casing and runner, and the under casing has for top to be opened
The container of mouth, its top are connected with the bottom of tank；The runner includes rotating shaft and prolonged along the central axis of the rotating shaft
Stretch and be evenly provided on multiple runner plates on the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft and the bottom of the tank are located at
Same plane, the base are used for the balance for keeping the annular water tank device.
Further, M is uniformly provided with the circumferencial direction of the rotating shaft and arranges the runner plate, often row is provided with N number of described
Runner plate, wherein M >=2, N >=1.
Further, the runner plate activity is plugged in the rotating shaft.
Further, the current power plant also includes motor and controller, the rotating shaft and the motor
Connection, the motor are controlled by the controller.
Further, the controller is variable-frequency governor.
Further, the current power plant is located at the arc section of the tank and the junction of straight trough section.
Further, the base includes being separately positioned on the first support of the arc end bottom of tank two and second
Frame, the first support and second support are triangular support configurations.
It is previously used for simulating the operating method of the water tank device of open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, comprises the following steps：
1) water storage is carried out to tank, the water surface is higher by 3~5cm of the top of runner plate；
2) controller is opened, adjustment motor speed is 1~50r/min；
3) after current in tank reach stable, select the position in more than 1, straight trough section starting point downstream, adjust measuring point and
The distance of bottom of gullet, measurement of rate of flow is carried out respectively；
4) adjust controller, make motor speed be 51~100r/min, repeat step 3) operation, obtain simulation open channel water
Dynamic characteristic data.
3. beneficial effect
Compared to prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) present invention using bottom runner plate rotate produce shearing force driver slot in water sports, due to rotate when runner
The linear velocity of plate is inwardly successively decreased from outer rim, so the power that runner plate is applied to water body equally exists the spy that upper strata is big and lower floor is small
Sign, so as to cause upper strata water body more very fast than lower floor flow velocity, the methods of which is than rotary propeller type, piston type, oscillatory type, is closer to day
The vertical flow velocity distribution characteristics in right river course；
(2) runner plate activity of the invention is plugged in rotating shaft, can be increased or decreased and turned according to required flow velocity size
Wheel plate；
(3) deposit can be laid in annular water tank of the invention, for sediment resuspension in the natural open channel of lab simulation；
(4) present invention can be by the rotating speed of regulation motor, the dynamic characteristic of open channel water under the conditions of simulation is different in flow rate；
(5) current power plant of the invention is located at the arc section of the tank and the junction of straight trough section, reduces
Influence of the wave to tank opposite side straight trough section；
(6) device of the invention has simple structure, low cost, use compared with existing water tank type analogue means
The convenient, advantage such as electric efficiency is higher.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic top plan view of the annular water tank device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the annular water tank device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic front view of the annular water tank device of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the runner schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is existing blade wheel structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the vertical flow velocity profiles versus of A section center lines under the conditions of motor speed 50r/min；
Fig. 7 is the vertical flow velocity profiles versus of A section center lines under the conditions of motor speed 100r/min；
Fig. 8 is the vertical flow velocity profiles versus of B section center lines under the conditions of motor speed 50r/min；
Fig. 9 is the vertical flow velocity profiles versus of B section center lines under the conditions of motor speed 100r/min；
In figure：1- tanks；2- current power plants；101- the first outer wall arc sections；102- the first outer wall straight trough sections；
103- the second outer wall arc sections；104- the second outer wall straight trough sections；105- the first inwall arc sections；106- the first inwall straight trough sections；
107- the second inwall arc sections；108- the second inwall straight trough sections；201- controllers；202- under casings；203- runner plates；204- turns
Axle；301- first supports；302- second supports.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiment.Following examples are only used for clearly saying
Bright technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS of the present embodiment, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, tank dress
Put and be made up of tank 1, current power plant 2 and base, tank 1 is endless track shape, including outer wall and inwall, its China and foreign countries
Wall is by the first outer wall arc section 101, the first outer wall straight trough section 102, the second outer wall arc section 103 and the second outer wall straight trough section 104
Composition, inwall are straight by the first inwall arc section 105, the first inwall straight trough section 106, the second inwall arc section 107 and the second inwall
Groove section 108 forms, and the first outer wall straight trough section 102, the second outer wall straight trough section 104, the first inwall straight trough section 106 and the second inwall are straight
Groove section 108 is long 150cm, high 100cm, thick 1cm rectangle poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, arranged in parallel；Both ends arc section is equal
Using thick 1cm semicircle poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, wherein the radius of the first outer wall arc section 101 and the second outer wall arc section 103 is
100cm, it is symmetrically set, the radius of the first inwall arc section 105 and the second inwall arc section 107 is 40cm, also mutually right
Claim to set, the straight trough section and the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of both ends arc section of inside and outside wall are tangent, with strength glue bond sealing, whole tank 1
It is fixed on tank cross section with base, base includes first support 301 and second made of the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of size
Frame 302, the bottom of 1 liang of arc end of tank is separately positioned on, is triangular support configurations.
In the present embodiment, current power plant 2 includes under casing 202, runner plate 203, rotating shaft 204, motor and control
Device 201 processed, the straight trough section initiating terminal of tank (1) side are provided with, long 50cm equal with the width of tank 1, high 30cm under casing
202, for placing runner, rotating shaft 204 is arranged in the straight trough section of arc section and straight trough section junction.As shown in figure 3, under casing
202 top is connected with the bottom of tank 1, and rotating shaft 204 and the bottom of tank 1 are generally aligned in the same plane, and perpendicular to tank 1
Straight trough section, this top half for allowing for the runner being made up of some runner plates 203 are located in tank 1, and the latter half is located at bottom
In case 202；One end of rotating shaft 204 is connected with motor, and variable-frequency governor 201 is connected by wire circuit with motor, control electricity
The power output of machine (motor internal is provided with converter plant, and rotating speed keeps stable, will not changed with the change of voltage).
As shown in figure 5, existing conventional Water flow propelling device-impeller is usually by being arranged in parallel along tank width
Several disks composition, disk equidistantly distributed, each disk be fixed on one cross the center of circle trunnion axis on, in every piece of disk
Both sides respectively paste some short teeth along radial direction, are had a certain degree between adjacent short tooth, and the short tooth of adjacent discs is interlocked
Set, the purpose so set is to reduce to accumulate with the direct contact surface of water body, to reduce water body turbulent fluctuation, simultaneously because adjacent two circle
The short tooth interlaced arrangement that disk is pasted, caused wave are overlapped mutually, weakened, and reach the wave height of the control water surface, shorten wave
The purpose of influence area.In invention, the design of this impeller can be also used, but the impeller motor efficiency of the design is very low.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, in the present invention, M row's runners plate 203 is uniformly provided with the circumferencial direction of rotating shaft 204, often
The size of individual runner plate 203 is long 20cm, wide 3cm, thick 0.5cm, and runner plate 203 often arranges runner in radial distribution at equal intervals
Axis direction of the plate 203 along rotating shaft 204 is set, and often row is provided with N number of runner plate 203, wherein M >=2, N >=1.In the present embodiment,
M is that 8, N is spaced values for 5 and 4, it should be pointed out that because runner plate 203 is that activity is plugged in rotating shaft 204, so can
Runner plate is increased or decreased according to required flow velocity size, only need to meet that whole runner is symmetrical.
The present invention drives the runner of bottom of gullet to produce shearing force and drives trough inner water stream to move, realize groove by adjustable motor
Interior flow velocity is incremented by from bottom to top layer, meets the vertical flow speed characteristic of natural river course；Rotating shaft is arranged on the bottom with tank by the present invention
Portion is generally aligned in the same plane, and if rotating shaft is located at more than bottom land plane, flow field caused by rotating shaft lower part and upper part are just
On the contrary, water flow structure is influenceed greatly, not meet the distribution characteristics of natural river course, if rotating shaft is located at below bottom land plane, meeting again
The operating efficiency of motor is reduced, causes unnecessary energy waste；Meanwhile to weaken the Secondary Flow of annular water tank and flow velocity along footpath
To characteristics such as skewness, annular water tank is provided with straight trough section, increases straight line flow, flow velocity is transversely distributed tends to be uniform；This
Outside, by adjusting the rotating speed of motor, can be achieved it is different in flow rate under the conditions of simulated experiment.
The operating method for being used to simulate the driving annular water tank device in bottom of open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS of the present invention, including
Following steps：
1) water storage is carried out to tank 1, the water surface is higher by 3~5cm of the top of runner plate 203；
2) controller 201 is opened, adjustment motor speed is 1~50r/min；
3) after current in tank 1 reach stable, the position in more than 1, straight trough section starting point downstream, regulation measuring point are selected
With the distance of bottom of gullet, measurement of rate of flow is carried out respectively；
4) adjust controller 201, make motor speed be 51~100r/min, repeat step 3) operation, obtain simulating bright
Water in a canal dynamic characteristic data.
It should be noted that the general motor speed of the present apparatus is 0~100r/min, bigger work(can be also changed as needed
The motor of rate；Step 2 and step 4 selection 1~50r/min and 51~100r/min, and non-limiting rotating speed can only be in the two models
In enclosing, but there is some difference in order to illustrate the motor speed of step 2 and step 4.
Whether the annular water tank device of checking the present embodiment meets the vertical flow speed characteristic of natural river course, is walked using aforesaid operations
Suddenly, the data of Tables 1 and 2 are obtained, under the conditions of wherein Tables 1 and 2 is respectively motor different rotating speeds, A (is located at straight without runner side
At groove section starting point downstream 100cm), the water body stream of B (at without runner side straight trough section starting point downstream 130cm) section part
Fast vertical characteristics.
A sections center line water volume flow rate vertical characteristics under the conditions of the motor different rotating speeds of table 1
B sections center line water volume flow rate vertical characteristics under the conditions of the motor different rotating speeds of table 2
With flow velocity (m/s) for abscissa, the distance (m) of measuring point and bottom of gullet is ordinate, by experimental data and Pu Lang
Special (Prandtl) classical theory open-channel flow velocity distribution logarithmic curve-fitting, as a result as shown in figs. 6-9.
As a result show, experimental data and Prandtl (Prandtl) classical theory open-channel flow velocity distribution logarithmic curve-fitting journey
Degree is preferable, illustrates the device of the present invention and can preferably simulate the vertical flow speed characteristic of natural river course, can be used for water in natural river course
The correlative study of body deposit.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these are improved and deformation
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- Be used to simulating the water tank device of open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 1. a kind of, including tank (1), current power plant (2) and Base, the tank (1) are endless track shape, it is characterised in that the current power plant (2) includes under casing (202) And runner, the under casing (202) are the container that top has opening, its top is connected with the bottom of tank (1)；The runner bag Include rotating shaft (204) and extend along the central axis of the rotating shaft (204) and be evenly provided on the circle of the rotating shaft (204) Multiple runner plates (203) in perimeter surface, the rotating shaft (204) and the bottom of the tank (1) are generally aligned in the same plane, the bottom Seat is used for the balance for keeping the annular water tank device.
- 2. a kind of water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described M is uniformly provided with the circumferencial direction of rotating shaft (204) and arranges the runner plate (203), often row is provided with N number of runner plate (203), its Middle M >=2, N >=1.
- 3. a kind of water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described Runner plate (203) activity is plugged in the rotating shaft (204).
- 4. a kind of water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS according to any one of claim 1,2 or 3, its It is characterised by, the current power plant (2) also includes motor and controller (201), the rotating shaft (204) and the electricity Machine is connected, and the motor is controlled by the controller (201).
- 5. a kind of water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Controller (201) is variable-frequency governor.
- A kind of 6. water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS according to claim 3 or 5, it is characterised in that The current power plant (2) is located at the arc section of the tank (1) and the junction of straight trough section.
- 7. a kind of water tank device for being used to simulate open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described First support (301) and second support (302) of the base including being separately positioned on the arc end bottom of tank (1) two, described first Support (301) and second support (302) are triangular support configurations.
- 8. a kind of operating method for being used to simulate the water tank device of open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS according to claim 1, it is special Sign is, comprises the following steps：1) water storage is carried out to tank (1), the water surface is higher by 3~5cm of the top of runner plate (203)；2) controller (201) is opened, adjustment motor speed is 1~50r/min；3) after tank (1) interior current reach stable, select the position in more than 1, straight trough section starting point downstream, adjust measuring point and The distance of bottom of gullet, measurement of rate of flow is carried out respectively；4) adjust controller (201), make motor speed be 51~100r/min, repeat step 3) operation, obtain simulation open channel HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS data.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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