CN107811730B - 髋关节股骨假体 - Google Patents

髋关节股骨假体 Download PDF

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CN107811730B
CN107811730B CN201711065799.2A CN201711065799A CN107811730B CN 107811730 B CN107811730 B CN 107811730B CN 201711065799 A CN201711065799 A CN 201711065799A CN 107811730 B CN107811730 B CN 107811730B
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femoral
hole
femoral neck
neck collar
hip
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CN107811730A (zh
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耿硕
许铎
毕郑刚
杨成林
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Harbin Medical University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30108—Shapes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
    • A61F2002/3625—Necks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/3678—Geometrical features
    • A61F2002/368—Geometrical features with lateral apertures, bores, holes or openings, e.g. for reducing the mass, for receiving fixation screws or for communicating with the inside of a hollow shaft

Abstract

本发明提供一种髋关节股骨假体，包括相互连接的股骨柄与股骨颈领，所述股骨柄呈柱状，沿长度方向形成有三排远端预留孔，所有远端预留孔均汇入股骨柄内部的管腔，所述管腔在朝向所述股骨颈领的一端形成开口；所述股骨颈领内部具有贯通前后的第一注入孔，所述第一注入孔与所述管腔的开口相连通；所述股骨颈领的周侧还设有若干个近端预留孔，在所述股骨颈领的后端表面还设有第二注入孔，分别与所述近端预留孔相连通。本发明能够通过预留孔视情况注射骨水泥，增强固定效果；或注入BMP、PRP及各类生长因子，促进骨折快速愈合，迅速恢复运动功能，尤其适用于高龄人群合并小转子撕脱的股骨转子间骨折，可增强固定效果的同时，实现术后屈髋肌力零损耗。

Description

髋关节股骨假体
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域，尤其涉及一种髋关节股骨假体。
背景技术
老年股骨转子间骨折，尤其合并小转子撕脱的转子间骨折，一直以来都是髋关节置换术的难点问题。传统假体在复位小转子过程中，通常采用钢丝捆绑固定，或直接放弃复位等方式，造成患者术后屈髋肌力下降，长期预后较差。同时，由于老年人骨质情况通常较差，术后骨长入不良，假体松动等情况时有发生。目前，市场上现有的假体都无法一次性解决固定强度及小转子良好复位问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种髋关节股骨假体，一次性解决固定强度不足及小转子复位不良的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种髋关节股骨假体，其特征是包括相互连接的股骨柄与股骨颈领，其中：
所述股骨柄呈柱状，沿长度方向形成有三排远端预留孔，所有远端预留孔均汇入股骨柄内部的管腔，所述管腔在朝向所述股骨颈领的一端形成有开口；
所述股骨颈领内部具有贯通前后的第一注入孔，所述第一注入孔的前端与所述管腔的开口相连通；
所述股骨颈领的周侧还设有若干个近端预留孔，在所述股骨颈领的后端表面还设有第二注入孔，分别与所述近端预留孔相连通。
所述股骨柄具有数个突出的棱条，并构成八个棱间，在每个棱间设有三个所述远端预留孔。
所述的髋关节股骨假体，其中：在股骨柄的表面具有微孔结构。
所述的髋关节股骨假体，其中：所述股骨柄朝向所述股骨颈领的一端具有螺柱和螺纹孔；而所述股骨颈领前端具有螺孔与阶梯孔，所述螺孔能够与所述股骨柄的螺柱形成固定连接；所述阶梯孔的小径部分与所述螺纹孔相连通，大径部分则贯通至所述股骨颈领后端表面而形成击打器把持孔道，一个锁定螺钉从所述阶梯孔的大径部分穿入，穿过小径部分后与所述股骨柄的螺纹孔形成固定连接。
所述的髋关节股骨假体，其中：在所述股骨颈领的下侧延伸形成有替代小转子，在所述替代小转子底部成型有多个肌腱缝合孔。
所述的髋关节股骨假体，其中：所述替代小转子的骨长入界面具有微孔结构。
所述的髋关节股骨假体，其中：所述股骨颈领的表面具有微孔结构。
所述的髋关节股骨假体，其中：所述微孔结构的孔隙为150-200um。
所述的髋关节股骨假体，其中：所述股骨颈领的上侧、下侧、内侧以及外侧均设有所述近端预留孔。
本发明具有如下优点：本发明能够通过不同方式组配满足多种股骨转子间骨折类型，并通过预留孔视情况注射骨水泥，增强固定效果；或注入BMP、PRP及各类生长因子，促进骨折快速愈合，迅速恢复运动功能。本发明尤其适用于高龄人群合并小转子撕脱的股骨转子间骨折，可增强固定效果的同时，实现术后屈髋肌力零损耗。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的髋关节股骨假体第一实施例的立体图；
图2、图3是本发明提供的髋关节股骨假体第一实施例的正视图与正剖视图；
图4是本发明提供的髋关节股骨假体第一实施例的侧视图；
图5是股骨柄的横截面示意图；
图6、图7是本发明提供的髋关节股骨假体第二实施例的正视图与正剖视图。
附图标记说明：股骨柄10；棱条11；远端预留孔12；管腔13；螺柱14；螺纹孔15；股骨颈领20；第一注入孔21；小径部分22；大径部分23；近端预留孔24；第二注入孔25；替代小转子30；肌腱缝合孔31。
具体实施方式
如图1、图2、图3、图4，是本发明提供的一种髋关节股骨假体的第一实施例，其包括相互连接的股骨柄10与股骨颈领20，所述股骨颈领20上具有替代小转子30，其中：
所述股骨柄10呈柱状，其横截面如图5所示，具有八个突出的棱条11，并构成八个棱间，在每个棱间设有三个远端预留孔12，从而在股骨柄10上形成三排远端预留孔12；所有远端预留孔12均汇入股骨柄10内部的管腔13，所述管腔13朝向所述股骨颈领20的一端具有开口；在股骨柄10的表面具有微孔结构(孔隙为150-200um)，以便于骨长入；
所述股骨柄10朝向所述股骨颈领20的一端还具有螺柱14和螺纹孔15；
而所述股骨颈领20朝向所述股骨柄10的一端(称为前端)具有螺孔(未予标号)、阶梯孔以及第一注入孔21，所述螺孔能够与所述股骨柄10的螺柱14形成固定连接；所述阶梯孔的小径部分22与所述螺纹孔15相连通，大径部分23则贯通至所述股骨颈领20另一端(称为后端)表面而形成击打器把持孔道，一个锁定螺钉(未予图示)从所述阶梯孔的大径部分23穿入，穿过小径部分22后与所述股骨柄10的螺纹孔15形成固定连接；所述第一注入孔21的前端与所述股骨柄10的管腔13的开口相连通，后端贯通至所述股骨颈领20后端表面；
在所述股骨颈领20的下侧(以图2角度视之)延伸形成有所述替代小转子30，在所述替代小转子30底部成型有多个肌腱缝合孔31，用来进行小转子撕脱后的肌腱缝合；
所述替代小转子30的表面(骨长入界面)具有微孔结构；除了所述替代小转子30之外，所述股骨颈领20的其他表面(包括后述的替代小转子30的表面)也具有微孔结构(孔隙为150-200um)；
所述股骨颈领20的上侧、下侧、内侧(或称右侧)、外侧(或称左侧)均设有近端预留孔24；如图4所示，在所述股骨颈领20的后端表面还设有四个第二注入孔25，分别与所述近端预留孔24相连通。
如图6、图7所示，是本发明提供的一种髋关节股骨假体的第二实施例，其同样包括相互连接的股骨柄10与股骨颈领20，但是在股骨颈领20上没有替代小转子30，其他结构均与前一实施例相同，在此不予赘述了。
其中，上述第一实施例中，在原有小转子位置上设计金属材质的替代小转子30，并在替代小转子30上加配肌腱缝合孔31及骨长入界面，以实现术后患者屈髋肌力无明显丢失并且长期预后良好，特别适用于合并小转子撕脱的股骨转子间骨折。
本发明具有如下优点：本发明能够通过不同方式组配满足多种股骨转子间骨折类型，并通过预留孔视情况注射骨水泥，增强固定效果；或注入BMP、PRP及各类生长因子，促进骨折快速愈合，迅速恢复运动功能。本发明尤其适用于高龄人群合并小转子撕脱的股骨转子间骨折，可增强固定效果的同时，实现术后屈髋肌力零损耗。

Claims (5)

1.一种髋关节股骨假体，其特征是包括相互连接的股骨柄与股骨颈领，其中：
所述股骨柄呈柱状，沿长度方向形成有三排远端预留孔，所有远端预留孔均汇入股骨柄内部的管腔，所述管腔在朝向所述股骨颈领的一端形成有开口，所述股骨柄具有数个突出的棱条，并构成八个棱间，在每个棱间设有三个所述远端预留孔，在股骨柄的表面具有微孔结构；
所述股骨颈领内部具有贯通前后的第一注入孔，所述第一注入孔的前端与所述管腔的开口相连通；
所述股骨颈领的周侧还设有若干个近端预留孔，在所述股骨颈领的后端表面还设有第二注入孔，分别与所述近端预留孔相连通；
在所述股骨颈领的下侧延伸形成有替代小转子，在所述替代小转子底部成型有多个肌腱缝合孔；
所述股骨柄朝向所述股骨颈领的一端具有螺柱和螺纹孔；而所述股骨颈领前端具有螺孔与阶梯孔，所述螺孔能够与所述股骨柄的螺柱形成固定连接；所述阶梯孔的小径部分与所述螺纹孔相连通，大径部分则贯通至所述股骨颈领后端表面而形成击打器把持孔道，一个锁定螺钉从所述阶梯孔的大径部分穿入，穿过小径部分后与所述股骨柄的螺纹孔形成固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的髋关节股骨假体，其特征在于：所述替代小转子的骨长入界面具有微孔结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的髋关节股骨假体，其特征在于：所述股骨颈领的表面具有微孔结构。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的髋关节股骨假体，其特征在于：所述微孔结构的孔隙为150-200um。
5.根据权利要求1所述的髋关节股骨假体，其特征在于：所述股骨颈领的上侧、下侧、内侧以及外侧均设有所述近端预留孔。
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