CN111904670A - 一种用于保留股骨头的股骨假体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,属于医疗器械技术领域;所述股骨假体包括髓外实体,所述髓外实体的上端面与股骨近端的截骨面相接触,所述髓外实体的上端设置有髓内实体,所述髓内实体插设在股骨近端的髓腔中,且与所述股骨近端的髓腔形状相适配,所述髓外实体的外侧设置有股骨外侧板,所述股骨外侧板通过锁钉固定在股骨近端的外侧;所述髓外实体的下端连接有髓针,所述髓针固定在股骨干皮质的内侧。上述方案,对于股骨近端骨缺损,所述股骨假体能够保留患者股骨头以及髋关节,恢复股骨长度及功能,从而减少各类并发症的发生,同时为患者增加了一次远期翻修的机会,给患者的翻修手术提供了良好的骨质基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,特别是指一种用于保留股骨头的股骨假体。
背景技术
股骨是人体最重要的骨骼,股骨头更为重要,人的直立行走、活动、劳动都依靠股骨头的支撑作用。面对因肿瘤、粉碎性骨折等导致的股骨近端骨缺损(不包括股骨头、股骨颈也面临损伤的情况),目前多采用全髋置换术,在进行髋关节置换手术时基本采用的是将股骨头、股骨颈以及坏死骨干一同切下,然后植入人工股骨柄及人工髋臼和股骨头,这种做法的缺陷是放弃了大部分尚处于完好健康状态的股骨头、股骨颈,同时患者也丧失了将来在做翻修手术时保持股骨近端完整的机会。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于保留股骨头的股骨假体以解决现有的全髋置换术放弃了部分健康状态的股骨头和股骨颈,导致患者将来在做翻修手术时无法保持股骨近端完整的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,包括髓外实体,所述髓外实体的上端面与股骨近端的截骨面相接触,所述髓外实体的上端设置有髓内实体,所述髓内实体插设在股骨近端的髓腔中,且与所述股骨近端的髓腔形状相适配,所述髓外实体的外侧设置有股骨外侧板,所述股骨外侧板通过锁钉固定在股骨近端的外侧;所述髓外实体的下端连接有髓针,所述髓针固定在股骨干皮质的内侧。
其中,所述髓外实体的上端面形状与股骨近端的截骨面形状相适配,所述髓外实体的上端面设有髓外网格结构,所述髓内实体的表面设有髓内网格结构。
其中,所述股骨外侧板与所述股骨近端的侧面相贴合,所述股骨外侧板通过螺钉与所述髓外实体连接。
其中,所述股骨干皮质上套设有固定套,所述髓外实体的底部设有外螺纹,所述固定套设有与所述髓外实体的外螺纹相适配的内螺纹。
其中,所述固定套上设有多个用于固定皮质骨钉的皮质骨钉孔。
其中,所述髓针的外周侧设有2~4个纵向的防旋槽,且所述髓针与所述股骨干皮质之间设置有骨水泥。
其中,所述髓内实体为弯曲的柱状结构,且与所述股骨近端的髓腔之间为锥配合。
其中,所述髓外网格结构的网格厚度为2~3mm,孔径为200-400μm;所述髓内网格结构的网格厚度为1~2mm,孔径为200-400μm。
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下:
上述方案中,对于股骨近端骨缺损(不包括股骨头、股骨颈也面临损伤的情况),所述股骨假体能够保留患者股骨头以及髋关节,恢复股骨长度及功能,从而减少各类并发症的发生,同时为患者增加了一次远期翻修的机会,给患者的翻修手术提供了良好的骨质基础。
附图说明
图1为本发明用于保留股骨头的股骨假体的结构示意图;
图2为本发明用于保留股骨头的股骨假体的固定套的示意图。
[附图标记]
1、髓外实体;
11、髓外网格结构;
2、髓内实体;
21、髓内网格结构;
3、髓针;
31、防旋槽;
4、锁钉;
41、锁钉头;
5、螺钉;
6、股骨近端;
7、股骨干;
71、股骨干皮质;
72、股骨干髓腔;
8、股骨外侧板;
9、固定套;
91、皮质骨钉孔。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
如图1~图2所示的,本发明的实施例提供一种用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,包括髓外实体1,髓外实体1的长度根据患者的截骨尺寸确定,从而保证了患者的患侧高度与健侧高度一致,髓外实体1的上端面与股骨近端6的截骨面相接触,髓外实体1的上端设置有髓内实体2,髓内实体2插设在股骨近端6的髓腔中,且与股骨近端6的髓腔形状相适配,以满足患者的个体化需求。
如图1所示的,髓外实体1的外侧设置有股骨外侧板8,具体的,髓外实体1的侧面设有2~3个螺纹孔,与螺钉5相互配合,以将股骨外侧板8与髓外实体1固定连接,股骨外侧板8通过锁钉4固定在股骨近端6的外侧,锁钉4旋入患者股骨近端6中,以将股骨外侧板8固定在股骨近端6的外侧面,降低了股骨假体与股骨近端6发生相对转动的几率,有利于股骨假体的短期稳定。
如图1所示的,髓外实体1的下端连接有髓针3,髓针3固定在股骨干皮质71的内侧,与股骨干髓腔72的形状相适配,髓针3的长度b和直径a根据患者股骨干髓腔72的尺寸进行设计,从而满足患者的个体化需求。其中,髓外实体1、髓内实体2和髓针3采用增材制造技术一体成型,为钛合金材质的实体结构,保证了假体的力学强度。
如图1所示的,髓外实体1的上端面形状与股骨近端6的截骨面形状相适配,实现股骨力学承载的功能,髓外实体1的上端面设有髓外网格结构11,髓内实体2的表面设有髓内网格结构21。
本实施例中,股骨外侧板8的外形和尺寸根据股骨近端6的形状设计,与股骨近端6的侧面相贴合,满足患者的个体化需求。股骨外侧板8上有与锁钉4相配合的细螺纹孔,保证了锁钉4非旋入骨质的部分(即锁钉头41与股骨外侧板8配合位置)不会脱出,降低了对人体的风险,锁钉4的长度可根据患者股骨近端6的情况进行相应的选择。
如图1所示的,股骨干皮质71的外侧套设有固定套9,髓外实体1的底部设有外螺纹,固定套9设有与髓外实体1底部的外螺纹相适配的内螺纹,固定套9的形状和尺寸与股骨干皮质71的外形相适配,从而保证固定套9与股骨干皮质71的完美贴合,固定套9可实现对股骨假体和股骨干皮质71的进一步固定。
如图2所示的,固定套9上设有多个皮质骨钉孔91,用于固定皮质骨钉,以保证股骨假体与股骨干7不会发生相对转动,利于假体的短期稳定,钉孔91的数量及尺寸可根据临床需要进行配备。
如图1所示的,髓针3的外周侧设有2~4个纵向的防旋槽31,且髓针3与股骨干皮质71之间设置有骨水泥进行固定,极大程度地降低了髓针3与股骨干7之间的相对转动,有利于股骨假体的稳定。
本实施例中,髓内实体2为弯曲的柱状结构,具体的长度d、直径c以及弯曲度均与患者股骨近端6的髓腔尺寸相适配,以满足患者的个体化需求,而且,髓内实体2与股骨近端6的髓腔之间为锥配合,使连接更加稳定牢固。
本实施例中,髓外网格结构11为2~3mm厚的骨小梁网格,利于股骨近端皮质的爬行和假体的长期稳定,具体孔径为200-400μm,有利于骨的快速长入;髓内网格结构21为1~2mm厚的骨小梁网格,利于股骨近端皮质结构的骨长入和假体中长期稳定,具体孔径为200-400μm,有利于骨的良好长入。
上述方案中,所述股骨假体在最大程度上保留了患者的股骨头以及髋关节,恢复了股骨长度及功能,减少了各类并发症的发生,同时为患者增加了一次远期翻修的机会,给患者的翻修手术提供了良好的骨质基础。另外,通过3D打印技术和定制设计,满足了患者的个体化需求,通过设置股骨外侧板和固定套,保证了股骨假体的短期稳定,通过先进的3D打印骨小梁网格的设计,获得更好的骨长入,达到更好的初期骨长入和中长期稳定性的效果。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,包括髓外实体,所述髓外实体的上端面与股骨近端的截骨面相接触,其特征在于,所述髓外实体的上端设置有髓内实体,所述髓内实体插设在股骨近端的髓腔中,且与所述股骨近端的髓腔形状相适配,所述髓外实体的外侧设置有股骨外侧板,所述股骨外侧板通过锁钉固定在股骨近端的外侧;所述髓外实体的下端连接有髓针,所述髓针固定在股骨干皮质的内侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,其特征在于,所述髓外实体的上端面形状与股骨近端的截骨面形状相适配,所述髓外实体的上端面设有髓外网格结构,所述髓内实体的表面设有髓内网格结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,其特征在于,所述股骨外侧板与所述股骨近端的侧面相贴合,所述股骨外侧板通过螺钉与所述髓外实体连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,其特征在于,所述股骨干皮质上套设有固定套,所述髓外实体的底部设有外螺纹,所述固定套设有与所述髓外实体的外螺纹相适配的内螺纹。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,其特征在于,所述固定套上设有多个用于固定皮质骨钉的皮质骨钉孔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,其特征在于,所述髓针的外周侧设有2~4个纵向的防旋槽,且所述髓针与所述股骨干皮质之间设置有骨水泥。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,其特征在于,所述髓内实体为弯曲的柱状结构,且与所述股骨近端的髓腔之间为锥配合。
8.根据权利要求2所述的用于保留股骨头的股骨假体,其特征在于,所述髓外网格结构的网格厚度为2~3mm,孔径为200-400μm;所述髓内网格结构的网格厚度为1~2mm,孔径为200-400μm。
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