CN107796991A - The active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna and method - Google Patents
The active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107796991A CN107796991A CN201711002534.8A CN201711002534A CN107796991A CN 107796991 A CN107796991 A CN 107796991A CN 201711002534 A CN201711002534 A CN 201711002534A CN 107796991 A CN107796991 A CN 107796991A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna, including computer, vector network analyzer, Multi-channel matrix switchs, switched using Multi-channel matrix and be connected with antenna array to be measured, matrix switch switching time is set to be synchronised with vector network analyzer data acquisition time, tested using vector network analyzer and store the mutual coupling coefficient in lower antenna array between the standing-wave ratio and unit of each antenna element, automated evaluation procedure is write according to the active standing wave calculation formula of antenna element in phased array, treat that each antenna element standing-wave ratio is completed with the mutual coupling coefficient in whole antenna array, calculate and export the active standing wave parameter of each antenna element, complete test.The invention also discloses a kind of active standing wave automatic test approach of phased array antenna.The present invention has advantages below：Automatic test shortens the phased array antenna active standing wave testing time, reduces human cost, improves test job efficiency, reduces testing cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to array antenna technique field, is related specifically to the active standing wave automatic test technology of phased array antenna.
Background technology
With the progress and development of modern radar system, phased array antenna is high with wave beam integration degree, and wave beam is flexibly prompt
The advantages that change, has obtained increasing application.An important indicator parameter of the active standing wave as phased array antenna, is affected
Antenna radiation efficiency, when the active standing wave of antenna is below 2.0, gain loss 0.5dB, phased array antenna radiation efficiency is
90% or so.Typically require that active standing wave can reach less than 2.0 in the range of antenna scanning, for phased array antenna system
It is proper.
Phased array antenna scale is different, and its antenna element number can be formed by tens to thousands of.In order to obtain phased array day
The active standing wave of line is, it is necessary to test the mutual coupling system in phased array antenna between the unit standing wave value of each antenna element and unit
Number.During test, in order to obtain the mutual coupling coefficient between each unit, connect usually using vector network analyzer and two antenna elements to be measured
Connect, collection finishes the method for carrying out changing test antenna element after data, using during this method of testing, it is necessary to change a lot
Secondary test cable can just collect the mutual coupling coefficient of each antenna element in phased array antenna, it can be seen that phased array antenna is active
The test job of standing wave is very huge, often expends a large amount of manpower and materials.Testing efficiency how is improved, testing cost is reduced, is
The active demand of the active standing wave test of phased array antenna.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the provision of a kind of active standing wave automatic test technology of phased array antenna,
Shorten the phased array antenna active standing wave testing time, reduce human cost, improve test job efficiency, reduce testing cost.
The present invention is that solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs：A kind of active standing wave of phased array antenna is automatic
Test device, including computer, vector network analyzer, Multi-channel matrix switch, wherein Multi-channel matrix switch are connected to pair
The antenna array to be measured for the port number answered, each passage of Multi-channel matrix switch control an antenna element in antenna array to be measured
Connection/disconnection, computer is connected to the control port and vector network analyzer of matrix switch, for controlling in matrix opens
Connection/disconnection of each switching channels, and the data of collection vector network analyzer, the port one and end of vector network analyzer
Mouth two is connected respectively to the input port and output port of Multi-channel matrix switch, for testing antenna element standing wave in antenna array
Coefficient and inter-element mutual coupling coefficient.
Optimization, active standing wave calculation formula is shown in formula (1)~(3)：
For the passive reflective coefficient of each antenna element in antenna array,For the mutual coupling coefficient between numbering m, n unit,For the active refelction coefficient of numbering n antenna elements, bnFor the plural number excitation of numbering n antenna elements, AmnFor the antenna element
Excitation amplitude, it is imaginary unit that 1, j is taken when not doing amplitude weighting, and θ is seeks the coordinate system angle of pitch, and φ is seeks coordinate system orientation
Angle, xn、ynTo number transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the antenna element for being n in antenna array, AciveVSWRnnThe antenna element for being n for numbering
Active standing wave value.
Optimization, the switch matrix that the Multi-channel matrix switch is formed by the cascade of multiple microwave switches, matrix switch energy
Enough connection/opening operations for carrying out multiple passages simultaneously.
Optimization, each passage carries low and high level signal control circuit on matrix switch, according to control signal level
The high or low connection/disconnection for realizing switching channels.
Optimization, 8 × 8 or 16 × 16 antenna elements are included in antenna array to be measured, matrix switch is corresponding to use 8 × 8
Or the matrix switch of 16 × 16 passages.
Optimization, the matrix switch switching time matches with vector network analyzer data acquisition time.
The invention also discloses the method that a kind of active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna is tested, including under
State step：
Step 1. is switched using Multi-channel matrix to be connected with antenna array to be measured；
Step 2. sets matrix switch switching time to match with vector network analyzer data acquisition time；
Step 3. vector network analyzer is tested to obtain in antenna array between the standing-wave ratio and unit of each antenna element
The mutual coupling coefficient, and preserve test file, computer collecting test file from vector network analyzer is preserved；
Step 4. substitutes into active standing wave series calculation formula, and the active standing wave parameter of each antenna element is calculated.
Optimization, in step 3, antenna element standing-wave ratio and list in test antenna array are carried out using vector network analyzer
Between member during the mutual coupling coefficient, tested using two ports of arrow net, before test, arrow is netted and carries out full two-port calibration, calibration
Flow comprises the following steps：
Step 10, two test cables are connected on vector network analyzer port one and port two；
Step 20, selection vector network analyzer full two-port calibration function；
Step 30, opened a way successively on port one and port two respectively, short-circuit, load calibration；
Step 40, two test cables progress thru calibrations are connected using jack to jack adapter calibrating device；
Step 50：Calibration is completed.
Optimization, the test idiographic flow in step 3 is as follows：Control/collecting computer send test instruction and automatically to
Go out the antenna element numbering of test, homography switch closure, arrow nets S11, S21, S12, S22 quadrinomial parameter that test obtains
Amplitude and phase, the test data during computer acquisition arrow is netted is stored, until all tests are completed, in quadrinomial parameter,
S11 is the antenna element standing-wave ratio being connected with arrow net port one currently tested, and S21 nets port one currently to test with arrow
For connected antenna element to the transmission coefficient for the antenna element being connected with arrow net port two, S12 is currently to test with swearing net end
For the connected antenna elements of mouth two to the transmission coefficient for the antenna element being connected with arrow net port one, S22 is currently test and arrow
The connected antenna element standing-wave ratio in port two is netted, S21 and S12 is considered same item parameter, i.e. the mutual coupling coefficient between unit.
Optimization, in step 4, in the mutual coupling system in obtaining antenna array between the standing-wave ratio and unit of each antenna element
After several arrow net test datas, the insertion loss of switch matrix network must be removed, obtains each antenna element in accurate antenna array
The mutual coupling coefficient between standing-wave ratio and unit.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：A kind of active standing wave of phased array antenna is provided and tests skill automatically
Art, switched using Multi-channel matrix and be connected with antenna array to be measured, set matrix switch switching time (to be surveyed with vector network analyzer
Examination instrument) data acquisition time is synchronised, tested using vector network analyzer and store each antenna element in lower antenna array
The mutual coupling coefficient between standing-wave ratio and unit, write automatically according to the active standing wave calculation formula of antenna element in phased array
Calculation procedure, treat that each antenna element standing-wave ratio is completed with the mutual coupling coefficient in whole antenna array, calculate and export each antenna
The active standing wave parameter of unit, complete test.Automatic test shortens the phased array antenna active standing wave testing time, reduces manpower
Cost, test job efficiency is improved, reduce testing cost.
Brief description of the drawings
The active standing wave automatic test approach flow chart of Fig. 1 array antennas.
Fig. 2 gives device connection figure when the active standing wave of the array antenna of example 8 × 8 is tested；
Fig. 3 provides the active standing wave test result of the array antenna of example 8 × 8；
Fig. 4 provides the active standing wave test result-contour map of the array antenna of example 8 × 8；
Fig. 5 gives device connection figure when the active standing wave of the slotted waveguide array antenna of example 1 × 16 is tested；
Fig. 6 provides the active standing wave test result of the slotted waveguide array antenna of example 1 × 16；
Fig. 7 provides the active standing wave test result-contour map of the slotted waveguide array antenna of example 1 × 16；
Fig. 8 vector network analyzers calibrate flow；
The automatic testing and control flow of Fig. 9 antennas.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are elaborated below, the present embodiment is carried out lower premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
The present invention provides a kind of active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna, including computer, vector network analysis
Instrument, Multi-channel matrix switch.Wherein Multi-channel matrix switch is connected to the antenna array to be measured of corresponding port number, Multi-channel matrix
Each passage of switch controls connection/disconnection of an antenna element in antenna array to be measured, and computer is connected to matrix switch
Control port and vector network analyzer, for controlling matrix to open connection/disconnection of interior each switching channels, and collection arrow
The data of Network Analyzer are measured, the port one and port two of vector network analyzer are connected respectively to the defeated of Multi-channel matrix switch
Inbound port and output port, for testing antenna element standing-wave ratio and inter-element mutual coupling coefficient in antenna array.
The active standing wave automatic testing equipment of the phased array antenna, switched using Multi-channel matrix and be connected with antenna array to be measured,
Set matrix switch switching time to be synchronised with vector network analyzer (test instrumentation) data acquisition time, utilize vector network
Analyzer is tested and stores the mutual coupling coefficient in lower antenna array between the standing-wave ratio and unit of each antenna element, according to phased
The active standing wave calculation formula of antenna element writes the automated evaluation procedure of active standing wave in battle array, and active standing wave calculation formula is shown in public affairs
Formula (1)~(3)：
For the passive reflective coefficient of each antenna element in antenna array,For the mutual coupling coefficient between numbering m, n unit,For the active refelction coefficient of numbering n antenna elements, bnFor the plural number excitation of numbering n antenna elements, AmnFor the antenna element
Excitation amplitude, take 1 when not doing amplitude weighting,jFor imaginary unit, for θ to seek the coordinate system angle of pitch, φ is to seek coordinate system orientation
Angle, xn、ynTo number transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the antenna element for being n in antenna array, AciveVSWRnnThe antenna element for being n for numbering
Active standing wave value.Treat that each antenna element standing-wave ratio is completed with the mutual coupling coefficient in whole antenna array, calculate and export each day
The active standing wave parameter of line unit, complete test.
The switch matrix that the Multi-channel matrix switch is formed by the cascade of multiple microwave switches, matrix switch can enter simultaneously
Connection/opening operation of the multiple passages of row.Each passage carries low and high level signal control circuit on matrix switch, can basis
High or low connection/the disconnection for realizing switching channels of control signal level.
Referring to Fig. 1, the step of being tested using the active standing wave automatic testing equipment of the phased array antenna is as follows：
Step 1. is switched using Multi-channel matrix to be connected with antenna array to be measured：
, can be from the matrix switch of different scales according to the scale of antenna array to be measured.In Practical Project, antenna array
Multiple submatrixs are often divided into, 8 × 8 or 16 × 16 antenna elements are included in usual submatrix, because the submatrix of both scales
Have been able to ensure antenna element active standing wave test result and test result of the antenna element in antenna array have it is very high
Uniformity.Corresponding, the matrix switch that 8 × 8 or 16 × 16 passages may be selected is connected with submatrix to be measured, waits to be tested.
Step 2. sets matrix switch switching time and vector network analyzer (test instrumentation) data acquisition time phase
Match somebody with somebody：
It is to send test instruction by computer and provide antenna element successively to number, specifically, vector in the present embodiment
Network Analyzer and matrix switch are operated according to the test instruction of computer with antenna element numbering, matrix switch with it is corresponding
Switch closure corresponding to antenna element numbering, vector network analyzer proceed-to-send signal and receives echo-signal obtain test number
According to.During due to test, the data acquisition of vector network analyzer is required to the regular hour, so need to set switch when cut-offfing
Between match with vector network analyzer (test instrumentation) data acquisition time, with this ensure swear net have time enough complete number
According to collection.Specifically, opening/breaking for matrix switch needs trigger signal, trigger signal is provided by vector network analyzer, vector net
The trigger signal that network analyzer sends out/broken according to the control of computer.
Step 3. vector network analyzer is tested to obtain in antenna array between the standing-wave ratio and unit of each antenna element
The mutual coupling coefficient, and preserve test file, computer from arrow net in collecting test file preserved
Using vector network analyzer (referred to as：Arrow net) carry out in test antenna array between antenna element standing-wave ratio and unit
During the mutual coupling coefficient, tested using two ports of arrow net, wherein swearing that the port one of net connects matrix switch input port, swear net
Port two connect matrix switch output port, before test, must will arrow net carry out full two-port calibration, calibration flow see Fig. 8, including
Following steps：
Step 10, two test cables are connected on vector network analyzer port one and port two；
Step 20, selection vector network analyzer full two-port calibration function；
Step 30, opened a way successively on port one and port two respectively, short-circuit, load calibration；
Step 40, two test cables progress thru calibrations are connected using jack to jack adapter calibrating device；
Step 50：Calibration is completed.
It is the insertion loss for removing two stub cables being directly connected with arrow net to carry out full two-port calibration.
In order to improve testing efficiency, test control program can be write, control flow is shown in Fig. 9, in test, control/collection
Computer sends the antenna element numbering that test instructs and provides test automatically, homography switch closure, and arrow net test obtains
S11, S21, S12, S22 quadrinomial parameter amplitude and phase, computer acquisition arrow net in test data stored, until
Complete all tests.In quadrinomial parameter, S11 is the antenna element standing-wave ratio being connected with arrow net port one currently tested,
S21 is the transmission system with the antenna element that arrow net port one is connected to the antenna element being connected with arrow net port two currently tested
Number, S12 are the biography with the antenna element that arrow net port two is connected to the antenna element being connected with arrow net port one currently tested
Defeated coefficient, S22 are the antenna element standing-wave ratio being connected with arrow net port two currently tested.Usually, antenna element is nothing
Source device, its network formed are reciprocal network, and S21 and S12 is considered same item parameter in theory, i.e., mutual between unit
Coupling coefficient.
Step 4. substitutes into active standing wave series calculation formula, and the active standing wave parameter of each antenna element is calculated
By active standing wave system of parameters column count formula (1)-(3) of antenna element：
Bring the standing-wave ratio of each antenna element in antenna array intoAnd the mutual coupling coefficient between unitCalculate and obtain
The active standing wave parameter AciveVSWR of each antenna elementnn.It is worth noting that, each antenna element is stayed in obtain antenna array
After the arrow net test data of the mutual coupling coefficient between wave system number and unit, the insertion loss of switch matrix network must also be removed,
The mutual coupling coefficient between each antenna element standing-wave ratio and unit in accurate antenna array could be obtained.Switch matrix network
The insertion loss of network is a factory data provided by manufacturing firm, it is believed that is fixed value, so operation only need to bring producer into
The matrix switch data of offer can be completed.
Embodiment one
Referring to Fig. 2, the array antenna of X-band 8 × 8 is worked in one The present invention gives one carries out active standing wave test
Embodiment, control be connected with data acquisition computer by communication cable with vector network analyzer, vector network analyzer
Two ports be connected respectively with the input/output end port of matrix switch；It is corresponding with 8 × 8 antenna arrays, wrapped in matrix switch
Containing 8 × 8 switches, matrix switch control port is connected with control computer, is switched with synchro switch and swears that net collection preserves number
According to time；Each switch has a port in matrix switch, and each switch is corresponding with antenna element to be connected.
Work in the array antenna of X-band 8 × 8 carry out active standing wave test the step of it is as follows：
Step 12. is connected using 8 × 8 matrix switches with 8 × 8 antenna arrays, and each switch has a port in matrix switch,
Each switch is corresponding with antenna element to be connected, antenna element numbering 1~64；
Step 22. sets control/collecting computer parameter, sets matrix switch switching time and vector network analyzer number
Match according to acquisition time；
Step 32. tested using vector network analyzer and store in lower antenna array the standing-wave ratio of each antenna element and
The mutual coupling coefficient between unit.The automatic testing and control flow of antenna as described in Figure 9, computer provide numbering 1 (2), 1 successively
(3), 1 (4) ... 1 (64), 2 (1), 2 (3), 2 (4) ... 2 (64) ... 63 (64), test obtain all antenna elements two
Two composite test results.Computer collecting test file from arrow net is preserved；
Step 4. in a computer, read test data.By No. n-th antenna element standing-wave ratioWith other all units
Between mutual coupling parameterSerial calculation formula is substituted into, calculates and exports the active standing wave parameter of No. n-th antenna element
AciveVSWRnn。
Fig. 3 provides the active standing wave test result of the array antenna of example 8 × 8, and antenna array normal beam situation is given in figure
The active standing wave test result of each antenna element in lower battle array.Fig. 4 provide the active standing wave test result of the array antenna of example 8 × 8-etc.
High line chart, active standing wave test result of a certain antenna element in the case of beam scanning in antenna array is given in figure.
Embodiment two
Referring to Fig. 5, the slotted waveguide array antenna of X-band 1 × 16 is worked in one The present invention gives one has
The embodiment of source standing wave test, the array antenna is slotted waveguide antenna form, and 1 × 16 be made up of 16 slotted waveguides is flat
Planar array antenna, it comprises 16 active channels, pass through the active standing wave test result of each antenna element in antenna measurement battle array.
Device connection figure when Fig. 5 gives the test of the slotted waveguide array antenna of example 1 × 16 active standing wave, in figure, control
It is connected with data acquisition computer by communication cable with vector network analyzer；Two ports difference of vector network analyzer
It is connected with the input/output end port of matrix switch；It is corresponding with 1 × 16 antenna array, opened in matrix switch comprising 1 × 16
Close, matrix switch control port is connected with control computer, is switched with synchro switch and swears that net collection preserves the time of data；Square
Each switch has a port in battle array switch, and each switch is corresponding with antenna element to be connected.
Work in the slotted waveguide array antenna of X-band 1 × 16 carry out active standing wave test the step of it is as follows：
Step 12. is connected using 1 × 16 matrix switch with 1 × 16 antenna array, and each switch has an end in matrix switch
Mouthful, each switch is corresponding with antenna element to be connected, antenna element numbering 1~16；
Step 22. set for 1 × 16 matrix switch switching time be synchronised with vector network analyzer data acquisition time；
Step 32. tested using vector network analyzer and store in lower antenna array the standing-wave ratio of each antenna element and
The mutual coupling coefficient between unit.The automatic testing and control flow of antenna as described in Figure 9, computer provide numbering 1 (2), 1 successively
(3), 1 (4) ... 1 (16), 2 (1), 2 (3), 2 (4) ... 2 (16) ... 15 (16), test obtain all antenna elements two
Two composite test results.Computer collecting test file from arrow net is preserved；
Step 4. in a computer, read test data.By No. n-th antenna element standing-wave ratioWith other all units
Between mutual coupling parameterSerial calculation formula is substituted into, calculates and exports the active standing wave parameter of No. n-th antenna element
AciveVSWRnn。
Fig. 6 provides the active standing wave test result of the slotted waveguide array antenna of example 1 × 16, and antenna array normal direction is given in figure
In the case of wave beam in battle array each antenna element active standing wave test result.Fig. 7, which provides the slotted waveguide array antenna of example 1 × 16, to be had
Source standing wave test result-contour map, it is active in the case of beam scanning that a certain antenna element in antenna array is given in figure
Standing wave test result.
Above content is to combine the detailed description made for the present invention of specific preferred embodiment, it is impossible to assert the present invention
Specific implementation is only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art, structure of the present invention is not being departed from
On the premise of think of, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, such as transform array antenna size, matrix switch size, selection
Various forms of array antennas, beam-scanning angles etc. in test result are converted, should all be considered as belonging to the present invention by being submitted
Claims determine invention protection domain.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna, it is characterised in that：Including computer, vector network analysis Instrument, Multi-channel matrix switch, wherein Multi-channel matrix switch are connected to the antenna array to be measured of corresponding port number, Multi-channel matrix Each passage of switch controls connection/disconnection of an antenna element in antenna array to be measured, and computer is connected to matrix switch Control port and vector network analyzer, for controlling matrix to open connection/disconnection of interior each switching channels, and collection arrow The data of Network Analyzer are measured, the port one and port two of vector network analyzer are connected respectively to the defeated of Multi-channel matrix switch Inbound port and output port, for testing antenna element standing-wave ratio and inter-element mutual coupling coefficient in antenna array.
- 2. the active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Active standing wave calculates Formula is shown in formula (1)~(3)：<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>21</mn> <mi>A</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <munderover> <munder> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&NotEqual;</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>21</mn> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>11</mn> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow><mrow> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>Am</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> <mi>&lambda;</mi> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>&theta;</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>&phi;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>&theta;</mi> <mi>sin</mi> <mi>&phi;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow><mrow> <msub> <mi>AciveVSWR</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>21</mn> <mi>A</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>21</mn> <mi>A</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>For the standing-wave ratio of each antenna element in antenna array,The mutual coupling coefficient between unit, AciveVSWRnnFor numbering For the n active standing wave value of antenna element, xn、ynFor transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the antenna element in antenna array, AmnFor the antenna element Excitation amplitude, take 1 when not doing amplitude weighting.
- 3. the active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The multichannel square The switch matrix that battle array switch is formed by the cascade of multiple microwave switches, matrix switch can carry out company's on/off of multiple passages simultaneously Open operation.
- 4. the active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is every on matrix switch Individual passage all carries low and high level signal control circuit, according to control signal level it is high or low realize switching channels connection/ Disconnect.
- 5. the active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In antenna array to be measured Include 8 × 8 or 16 × 16 antenna elements, the corresponding matrix switch using 8 × 8 or 16 × 16 passages of matrix switch.
- 6. the active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The matrix switch Switching time matches with vector network analyzer data acquisition time.
- 7. a kind of active standing wave automatic testing equipment of phased array antenna using as described in claim any one of 1-6 is tested Method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the steps：Step 1. is switched using Multi-channel matrix to be connected with antenna array to be measured；Step 2. sets matrix switch switching time to match with vector network analyzer data acquisition time；Step 3. vector network analyzer is tested to obtain mutual between the standing-wave ratio and unit of each antenna element in antenna array Coupling coefficient, and test file is preserved, computer collecting test file from vector network analyzer is preserved；Step 4. substitutes into active standing wave series calculation formula, and the active standing wave parameter of each antenna element is calculated.
- 8. the method that the active standing wave of phased array antenna according to claim 7 is tested automatically, it is characterised in that：In step 3, When carrying out antenna element standing-wave ratio and inter-element mutual coupling coefficient in test antenna array using vector network analyzer, arrow net is used Two ports tested, before test, will arrow net carry out full two-port calibration, calibration flow comprise the following steps：Step 10, two test cables are connected on vector network analyzer port one and port two；Step 20, selection vector network analyzer full two-port calibration function；Step 30, opened a way successively on port one and port two respectively, short-circuit, load calibration；Step 40, two test cables progress thru calibrations are connected using jack to jack adapter calibrating device；Step 50：Calibration is completed.
- 9. the method that the active standing wave of phased array antenna according to claim 7 is tested automatically, it is characterised in that：In step 3 Test idiographic flow it is as follows：Control/collecting computer sends the antenna element numbering that test instructs and provides test automatically, right Matrix switch is answered to close, the amplitude and phase of S11, S21, S12, S22 quadrinomial parameter that arrow net test obtains, computer acquisition arrow Test data in net is stored, until completing all tests, in quadrinomial parameter, S11 is currently to test with swearing net end Mouthful one connected antenna element standing-wave ratio, S21 be currently test with the antenna element that arrow net port one is connected to arrow net The transmission coefficient of the connected antenna element in port two, S12 be currently test with the antenna element that arrow net port two is connected to The transmission coefficient of the connected antenna element in arrow net port one, S22 are the antenna element being connected with arrow net port two currently tested Standing-wave ratio, S21 and S12 are considered same item parameter, i.e. the mutual coupling coefficient between unit.
- 10. the method that the active standing wave of phased array antenna according to claim 7 is tested automatically, it is characterised in that：Step 4 In, after the arrow net test data of the mutual coupling coefficient in obtaining antenna array between the standing-wave ratio and unit of each antenna element, The insertion loss of switch matrix network must be removed, is obtained in accurate antenna array between each antenna element standing-wave ratio and unit The mutual coupling coefficient.
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