CN105548978B - A kind of phased array antenna active refelction coefficient test system and method - Google Patents
A kind of phased array antenna active refelction coefficient test system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of phased array antenna active refelction coefficient test system and method.The test system includes vector network analyzer, multichannel width phase control extension set, signal extraction extension set, main control computer, calibrating device and fixed ampllitude phase-compensated cable；Wherein, vector network analyzer is configurable for producing test and excitation signal, receives reference, reflection and monitoring signals；Multichannel width phase control extension set is configurable for realizing that test and excitation signal, by the conversion on 1 road to M roads, the independent amplitude phase controlling of M roads signal, finally realizes the output of M roads width phase controlled stimulus signal；Signal extraction extension set is configurable for realizing the straight-through output of M roads width phase controlled stimulus signal, and the reference coupling of M roads width phase controlled stimulus signal, monitoring coupling, reflection coupling are extracted, and switch control is exported with selection.Test system of the present invention can directly test the active refelction coefficient of antenna element, be not required to calculate, test process is succinct, and manual operation is few, test result validity is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for testing an active reflection coefficient of a phased array antenna.
Background
With the development of phased array radar, phased array antennas have been widely used due to the advantages of various feeding modes, flexible beam control, fast scanning speed, and the like. When the phased array antenna works, beam synthesis and pointing control are realized by utilizing different amplitude phase feeding combinations of the plurality of antenna units. This mode of operation entails the following problems:
(1) because the antenna units at the front end of the array are close in distance, the mutual electromagnetic mutual coupling effect can affect the antenna impedance, and the performance of the whole antenna array is further reduced; (2) under the actual working state of the phased array antenna, the antenna array has a feeding mode with various amplitude and phase combinations, and different feeding modes can generate different mutual coupling influences among antenna units, so that the antenna units have different impedance characteristics and can generate different influences on the performance of the whole antenna array.
In order to obtain the feed efficiency of each antenna unit in the actual working state of the array antenna and ensure the overall performance index of the phased array antenna, the active reflection coefficient test of each unit antenna in the array of the phased array antenna array in different feed modes must be completed.
The existing method for testing the active reflection coefficient of the phased array antenna is an indirect testing method, the testing principle is shown in figure 1, the measurement of the self reflection signal of the tested antenna unit and the coupling signal of a mutual coupling unit is combined with mathematical operation to calculate, the array scale is assumed to be M × N (M rows and N columns), the tested antenna unit 7 (positioned at the M rows and N columns of the array, M is less than or equal to M, N is less than or equal to N), firstly, the double-port calibration of the vector network analyzer 10 is completed, the tested antenna unit 7 is connected with the testing port of the vector network analyzer 10 according to the figure 1(a), other antenna units in the array are connected with a matching load 9, and the manual or program control vector network analyzer 10 completes the self-coupling reflection coefficient test of the tested antenna unit 7 and is marked as S11mn(ii) a Then, as shown in fig. 1(b), the antenna unit 8 (located at j rows and i columns of the array, where j is equal to or less than M, i is equal to or less than N, j is equal to M, i is equal to N) is connected to another test port of the vector network analyzer 10, and the vector network analyzer 10, which is manually or programmed, completes the mutual coupling coefficient test between the antenna unit 7 and the antenna unit 8 under test, which is marked as S21mn jiAs shown in FIG. 1(b), the connection mode of the antenna unit 7 to be tested is kept unchanged, and the antenna units at different positions are sequentially selected as mutual coupling testAnd (4) testing the object (except the antenna units of the test connecting line, other antenna units are connected with the matched load in the whole test process), traversing the whole test process, and completing the test of M × N-1 groups of mutual coupling coefficients.
The active reflection coefficient calculation of the antenna unit 7 under test can be completed by using the formula (1):
according to the above method for testing the active reflection coefficient of the antenna unit 7 to be tested, the connection of the selected antenna unit is sequentially changed according to the connection mode shown in fig. 1, so that the test of the active reflection coefficients of all the antenna units in the whole antenna array can be completed.
The indirect testing method has the following problems in application:
(1) the test cannot reflect the actual working state of the phased array antenna, only one antenna unit is in a feeding state at a certain moment during the test, the feeding state of the antenna unit is not consistent with the feeding state of the phased array antenna unit at the same time, and the test result cannot faithfully reflect the index of the active reflection coefficient of the antenna array in the actual state; (2) the active reflection coefficient of each antenna unit needs to be obtained to finish a large number of mutual coupling parameter tests, the test connection work is complicated, the workload is large, the test efficiency is low, and the engineering realizability is poor for a large-scale phased array; (3) the method can not realize amplitude phase transformation control of the multi-path feed excitation signals and can not effectively reflect the active reflection coefficients of the phased array antenna in different excitation feed states.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system comprises a vector network analyzer, a multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension, a signal extraction extension, a main control computer, a calibration piece and an amplitude and phase stabilizing cable; wherein,
the vector network analyzer is configured for generating a test excitation signal, receiving the reference, reflected and monitored signals;
the multichannel amplitude and phase control extension is configured to be used for realizing the conversion of the test excitation signal from the 1 path to the M paths and the independent amplitude and phase control of the M paths of signals, and finally realizing the output of the M paths of amplitude and phase controllable excitation signals;
the signal extraction extension is configured to be used for realizing direct output of M paths of amplitude-phase controllable excitation signals, reference coupling, monitoring coupling and reflection coupling extraction of the M paths of amplitude-phase controllable excitation signals, and switch control and selection output;
the main control computer is configured to realize automatic control on the calibration and test of the whole system;
the calibration piece is configured to be used for completing calibration of the whole system;
the amplitude and phase stabilizing cable is configured to be used for realizing connection between corresponding devices in the system and connection between the system and the antenna array to be tested.
Preferably, the multichannel amplitude-phase control extension comprises an M-path power distribution network, M-path amplitude-phase control channels, a multichannel amplitude-phase control extension interface conversion circuit, a multichannel amplitude-phase control extension power supply, a multichannel amplitude-phase control extension input interface and M multichannel amplitude-phase control extension output interfaces; each amplitude control channel consists of a numerical control phase shifter, a numerical control attenuator and a power amplifier; the numerical control phase shifter and the numerical control attenuator respectively realize the adjustment control of phase and amplitude through numerical control commands, and a control interface of the numerical control phase shifter and the numerical control attenuator is connected with a multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension interface switching circuit through a control cable; the interface conversion circuit of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension is used for realizing interface conversion and data distribution from an external program control command to a control command of a numerical control microwave part; the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension power supply is used for supplying power to the microwave components in the M paths of amplitude-phase control channels; the input interface of the multichannel amplitude and phase control extension is used for realizing the access of a test excitation signal and is connected with the source output port of the vector network analyzer; the output interface of the multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension is used for outputting M paths of amplitude and phase controllable excitation signals and is connected with the corresponding input port of the signal extraction extension; the signal extraction extension comprises M paths of coupling networks, three M1-out-of-band switches, a signal extraction extension interface conversion circuit, a signal extraction extension power supply, M signal extraction extension input interfaces, M signal extraction extension output interfaces, a reference output interface, a monitoring output interface and a reflection output interface; each path of coupling network consists of three couplers and is respectively used for realizing the coupling output of the excitation through output and a reference signal, the coupling output of the excitation through output and a monitoring signal and the coupling output of the excitation through output and a reflection echo signal of a tested antenna; the three M-to-1 switches are respectively used for realizing the switching selection output of the M paths of reference coupling signals, the switching selection output of the M paths of monitoring coupling signals and the switching selection output of the M paths of reflection coupling signals; the signal extraction extension interface conversion circuit is used for realizing interface conversion and data distribution from an external program control command to three M-to-1 switch control commands; the signal extraction extension power supply is used for supplying power to the three switches of which the M is selected to be 1; the input interface of the signal extraction extension is used for realizing the access of an excitation signal, and the input interface of the signal extraction extension is connected with the output interface of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension; the signal extraction extension output interface is used for outputting the excitation signal after amplitude and phase control, and is configured to be connected with an antenna unit feed interface of the antenna array to be tested; the reference output interface is used for realizing reference extraction output of the excitation signal after amplitude and phase control, and is connected with one input port of a receiver of the vector network analyzer; the monitoring output interface is used for realizing the monitoring, extraction and output of the excitation signal after amplitude-phase control, and is connected with one input port of a receiver of the vector network analyzer; and the reflection output interface is used for realizing the extraction and output of the reflection echo of the tested antenna unit and is connected with one input port of the receiver of the vector network analyzer.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for testing the active reflection coefficient of the phased array antenna, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test method adopts the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system, and the method comprises the following steps:
the vector network analyzer port outputs an excitation signal with set frequency and power, the excitation signal enters an input interface of an amplitude-phase control extension, after M paths of power division network power division, each path of signal enters a signal extraction extension after amplitude phase adjustment and power amplification, after independent amplitude-phase adjustment, M paths of signals pass through a coupling network, a through signal feeds the array of the antenna to be tested, at the moment, M antenna units are simultaneously in a feeding state, and the amplitude phase of the feed signal received by each antenna unit is independently controllable, so that the mutual coupling effect existing among the antenna units is the same as the actual working state of the array, and at the moment, the measured reflection coefficient of the antenna unit is consistent with the active reflection coefficient in the actual working state; under the control of a master control computer, a vector network analyzer simultaneously receives a reflection signal extracted by a coupler and a reference signal extracted by the coupler, the active reflection coefficients of the antenna units to be tested are directly obtained after calibration and operation processing, and the active reflection coefficients of M antenna units in the antenna array to be tested are respectively tested by switching an M-to-1 switch in a signal extraction extension; under the control of the main control computer, the vector network analyzer also receives the monitoring signal extracted by the coupler, the main control computer automatically completes the comparison between the monitoring signal extracted in real time and the stored standard data in the long-time test process, if the amplitude phase of the real-time monitoring signal exceeds the specified threshold, the main control computer prompts the channel calibration, and the user observes the working state of the system in real time according to the monitoring channel.
In addition, the invention also provides an extension calibration method of the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system, which aims at the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system;
the extension calibration method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, starting a system for preheating, and then completing the double-port calibration of the vector network analyzer; completing the calibration connection of each device of the system; setting the working frequency of a vector network analyzer as the working frequency of the phased array antenna during the active reflection coefficient index test, and setting the power as the power value during the test; setting the test parameters of the vector network analyzer as S21 and R2/R1, wherein S21 represents the amplitude-phase information of the extension channel, and R2/R1 represents the monitoring standard data of the amplitude-phase information of the channel; program-controlled multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension; changing the amplitude phase control quantity until the feeding requirement of the tested phased array antenna is met, and acquiring and storing S21 and R2/R1 amplitude phase data corresponding to the channel; sequentially completing the acquisition and storage of the S21 and R2/R1 amplitude phase data corresponding to the channels from the rest channel 2 to the channel M; and according to the steps, the acquisition and storage of the data of each channel under all the working frequencies are sequentially completed, an extension calibration data matrix is established, and extension calibration is completed.
In addition, the invention also provides a system calibration method of the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system, and the extension calibration method aims at the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system;
the system calibration method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, completing the calibration connection of each device in the system; starting a system for preheating, and then setting the working frequency of a vector network analyzer as the working frequency of the phased array antenna during active reflection coefficient index test, wherein the power is the power value during test; setting the test parameters of the vector network analyzer to be S21 and S11, wherein S21 represents a monitoring signal of a system channel, and S11 represents a reflected signal of the system channel; setting the control quantity of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension according to the extension calibration data matrix, keeping the setting unchanged, setting the test track of the vector network analyzer to be S11, opening a calibration menu, selecting single-port calibration, completing the single-port calibration of the vector network analyzer by using a calibration piece according to a prompt, completing the calibration of a system channel 1 when the calibration is completed, completing the calibration of a channel 2 to a channel M according to the steps, and finally completing the system calibration.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the system can realize the simultaneous generation of multi-path amplitude-phase controllable excitation signals, the feed state of the tested antenna during testing is the same as that during actual working, the system directly tests the active reflection coefficient of the antenna unit, calculation is not needed, the testing process is simple, manual operation is less, and the testing result has high fidelity;
(2) the system can realize the feed of the phased array antenna under different beam states by changing the control quantity of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension set, thereby completing the active reflection coefficient test of the phased array antenna under different beam control states;
(3) the system has the real-time monitoring function of the excitation feed signal, can acquire the amplitude phase information of the excitation feed signal in real time, and can complete the real-time correction of the amplitude phase error of the excitation feed signal by combining system software;
(4) the calibration method utilizes the calibration algorithm of the vector network analyzer, has mature technology and accurate calibration, and can meet the high-precision test requirement of the active reflection coefficient;
(5) after the system calibration is completed, the test process is completely programmed, the automation degree is high, the test speed is high, errors caused by manual wiring operation are avoided, and the test precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an indirect measurement method for active reflection coefficient of an antenna array unit in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for testing the active reflection coefficient of a phased array antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the signal extraction extension of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an extension calibration flow of the active reflection coefficient test system of a phased array antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of extension calibration connections for a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system calibration process of an active reflection coefficient testing system of a phased array antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a system calibration wiring diagram of a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system of the present invention;
the system comprises a vector network analyzer 1, a multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension 2, a signal extraction extension 3, a main control computer 4, a calibration piece 5, an amplitude and phase stabilizing cable 6, a tested antenna unit 7, an antenna unit 8, a load 9 and a vector network analyzer 10; the system comprises a 21-M-path power distribution network, 22-amplitude-phase control channels, 23-multichannel amplitude-phase control extension interface conversion circuit, 24-multichannel amplitude-phase control extension power supply, 25-multichannel amplitude-phase control extension input interface, 26-multichannel amplitude-phase control extension output interface, 221-numerical control phase shifter, 222-numerical control attenuator, 223-power amplifier, 31-coupling network, 32, 33 and 34-M1-selective switch, 35-interface conversion circuit, 36-power supply, 37-input interface, 38-output interface, 39-reference output interface, 40-monitoring output interface, 41-reflection output interface, 311, 312 and 313-coupler.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system includes a vector network analyzer 1, a multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension 2, a signal extraction extension 3, a main control computer 4, a calibration piece 5 and an amplitude-stabilizing and phase-stabilizing cable 6; wherein,
the vector network analyzer 1 is a host for signal generation and receiving processing, and is used for generating a test excitation signal, receiving a reference signal, a reflection signal and a monitoring signal, and selecting a market mature product of a corresponding frequency band according to a test frequency requirement.
The multichannel amplitude and phase control extension 2 is configured to be used for realizing conversion of the test excitation signal from the 1 route to the M routes, independent amplitude and phase control of the M routes of signals, and finally output of the M routes of amplitude and phase controllable excitation signals.
Here, M is the total number of antenna elements of the antenna array under test.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension 2 includes an M-channel power distribution network 21, M-channel amplitude-phase control channels 22, an interface conversion circuit 23, a power supply 24, an input interface 25, and M output interfaces 26; wherein,
the M-path power distribution network 21 can be implemented by using a power divider; each amplitude control channel 22 is composed of a numerical control phase shifter 221, a numerical control attenuator 222 and a power amplifier 223, and the specific parameters of each component are designed and determined according to the test requirements, wherein the numerical control phase shifter 221 and the numerical control attenuator 222 can respectively realize the adjustment control of phase and amplitude through numerical control commands, the control commands can be serial, parallel and the like, and the control interfaces thereof are connected with the interface conversion circuit 23 through control cables.
The interface conversion circuit 23 is used for realizing interface conversion, data distribution and the like from an external program control command to a control command of a numerical control microwave device, can be designed to be input by a 1-path serial port, network port, parallel port or USB port, can be output by a multi-path serial port or parallel port, and can be realized by a programmable logic device, a special interface conversion chip and the like, and the specific design and realization of the invention are not described in detail.
The power supply 24 is used for supplying power to the microwave components in the M-way amplitude control channel, and the specific design is not described in the present invention, which is designed according to the specific selected microwave components.
The input interface 25 is used for accessing the excitation signal, and can be implemented by a general connector, and is connected with the source output port of the vector network analyzer 1 in fig. 2.
The output interface 26 realizes the output of the M-path amplitude control excitation signals, and may be realized by a general connector, and is connected to the input port corresponding to the signal extraction extension 3 in fig. 1.
The signal extraction extension 3 is configured to be used for realizing through output of the M paths of amplitude-phase controllable excitation signals, reference coupling, monitoring coupling, reflection coupling extraction, switch control and selection output of the M paths of amplitude-phase controllable excitation signals. In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
as shown in fig. 4, the signal extraction slave 3 is composed of an M-way coupling network 31, three M-to-1 switches 32, 33, 34, an interface conversion circuit 35, a power supply 36, M input interfaces 37, M output interfaces 38, a reference output interface 39, a monitoring output interface 40, and a reflection output interface 41. Wherein,
each 1-path coupling network 31 (taking the coupling network 1 as an example) is composed of 3 couplers, wherein the coupler 311 is used for exciting the coupling output of the through output and the reference signal, the coupler 312 is used for exciting the coupling output of the through output and the monitoring signal, the coupler 313 is used for exciting the coupling output of the through output and the echo signal reflected by the antenna to be tested, and the coupler can be realized by selecting a finished microwave part or design according to the test requirement.
The M-to-1 switch 32 is used for switching and selecting output of M reference coupling signals, control signals of the M reference coupling signals are provided by the interface conversion circuit 35, power supply is provided by the power supply 36, and finished microwave parts can be selected or designed according to test requirements.
The M-to-1 switch 33 is used for switching and selecting output of M-path monitoring coupling signals, control signals of the M-path monitoring coupling signals are provided by an interface conversion circuit 35, power supply is provided by a power supply 36, and finished microwave parts can be selected or designed according to test requirements.
The M-to-1 switch 34 is used for switching and selecting output of M paths of reflected coupling signals, a control signal of the M-to-1 switch is provided by an interface conversion circuit 35, power supply is provided by a power supply 36, and finished microwave parts or design can be selected according to test requirements to realize the switching and selecting.
The interface conversion circuit 35 realizes the interface conversion and data distribution from the external program control command to the control command of the M-select-1 switches 32, 33 and 34, can be designed to be input by 1-way serial port, network port, parallel port or USB port, and can be realized by a programmable logic device, a special interface conversion chip and the like, and the specific design and realization thereof are not described in detail.
The power supply 36 is used for supplying power to the M-to-1 switches 32, 33 and 34, and is designed according to a specific selected microwave component, and a specific design implementation of the microwave component is not described in the present invention.
The input interface 37 is used for realizing the access of the excitation signal, can be realized by a general connector and is connected with the output interface 26 of the multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension 2 in fig. 2.
The output interface 38 is used for outputting the excitation signal after amplitude and phase control, and can be implemented by a general connector and connected with the antenna unit feed interface of the antenna array to be tested.
The reference output interface 39 is used for reference extraction output of the amplitude-phase controlled excitation signal, and can be implemented by a general connector and is connected with the input port of the receiver R1 of the vector network analyzer in fig. 2.
The monitoring output interface 40 is used for monitoring, extracting and outputting the excitation signal after amplitude and phase control, and may be implemented by using a general connector, and is connected to the input port of the receiver B of the vector network analyzer 1 in fig. 2.
The reflection output interface 41 is used for extracting and outputting the reflection echo of the antenna unit under test, and may be implemented by using a general connector, and is connected to the input port of the receiver a of the vector network analyzer 1 in fig. 2.
The host computer (system software) 4 is configured for automated control of the overall system calibration and testing.
The calibration piece 5 is configured to complete calibration of the whole system, and may be an electronic calibration piece or a mechanical calibration piece matched with the vector network analyzer 1, and a market mature product of a corresponding frequency band may be selected according to a test frequency requirement.
The amplitude and phase stabilizing cable 6 is configured to be used for realizing connection between corresponding devices in the system and between the system and the tested antenna array, and market mature products of corresponding frequency bands can be selected according to the requirement of testing frequency.
The amplitude and phase stabilizing cable 6 comprises three groups 6A, 6B and 6C, wherein the amplitude and phase stabilizing cable 6A is used for connecting the signal extraction extension 3 with the antenna array to be tested; the amplitude and phase stabilizing cable 6B is used for connecting the multichannel amplitude and phase control extension 2 and the signal extraction extension 3; and the amplitude and phase stabilizing cable 6C is used for connecting the vector network analyzer 1 and the signal extraction extension set 3.
Example 2
In this embodiment 2, a method for testing an active reflection coefficient of a phased array antenna adopts the system for testing an active reflection coefficient of a phased array antenna in embodiment 1, and the method includes the following steps:
the vector network analyzer 1 outputs an excitation signal with set frequency and power, the signal enters an input interface 25 of an amplitude-phase control extension 2, after the signal is divided by an M-path power dividing network 21, each path of signal enters a signal extraction extension 3 after amplitude phase adjustment and power amplification, a through signal feeds the detected antenna array by an independent amplitude-phase adjusted M-path signal after passing through a coupling network 31, at the moment, M antenna units are simultaneously in a feeding state, and the amplitude phase of a feeding signal received by each antenna unit is independently controllable, so that the mutual coupling effect existing among the antenna units is the same as the actual working state of the array, and the measured reflection coefficient of the antenna unit is consistent with the active reflection coefficient in the actual working state.
Under the control of a main control computer (system software) 4, the vector network analyzer 1 simultaneously receives the reflection signal extracted by the coupler 313 and the reference signal extracted by the coupler 311, after calibration and operation processing, the active reflection coefficient of the antenna unit to be tested can be directly obtained, and the active reflection coefficient test of M antenna units in the antenna array to be tested can be respectively realized through the switching of the M1-out-of-M switches in the signal extraction extension set 3. Under the control of the main control computer (system software) 4, the vector network analyzer 1 can also receive the monitoring signal extracted by the coupler 312, in the long-time test process, the system software automatically completes the comparison of the monitoring signal extracted in real time and the stored standard data, if the amplitude phase of the real-time monitoring signal exceeds the specified threshold, the system software prompts to carry out channel calibration, and a user can observe the working state of the system in real time according to the monitoring channel to ensure the test precision of the whole system.
Example 3
The extension calibration method of the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system in this embodiment 3 is directed to the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system in embodiment 1, and aims to complete amplitude and phase calibration of a multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension, a signal extraction extension, and a system cable.
The calibration procedure is shown in fig. 5: firstly, starting a system for preheating, and then completing the double-port calibration of the vector network analyzer; completing the calibration connection of each device of the system according to the figure 6; setting the working frequency of the vector network analyzer 1 as the working frequency of the phased array antenna during the active reflection coefficient index test, and setting the power as the power value during the test; setting the test parameters of the vector network analyzer 1 as S21 and R2/R1, wherein S21 represents the amplitude-phase information of the extension channel, and R2/R1 represents the monitoring standard data of the amplitude-phase information of the channel; a program-controlled multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension 2; changing the amplitude phase control quantity until the feeding requirement of the tested phased array antenna is met, and acquiring and storing S21 and R2/R1 amplitude phase data corresponding to the channel; sequentially completing the acquisition and storage of the S21 and R2/R1 amplitude phase data corresponding to the channels from the rest channel 2 to the channel M; and according to the steps, the acquisition and storage of the data of each channel under all the working frequencies are sequentially completed, an extension calibration data matrix is established, and extension calibration is completed.
This embodiment 3 utilizes system extension calibration technique, need not additionally increase equipment, utilizes equipment such as vector network analyzer 1 in the system and calibration piece 5, through different wiring modes, accomplishes multichannel amplitude and phase control extension 2, signal extraction extension 3, the amplitude and phase calibration of system cable, acquires multichannel extension calibration data matrix.
Example 4
The system calibration method for the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system in this embodiment 4 is directed to the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system in embodiment 1, and aims to complete calibration of a test port of the whole system.
The calibration procedure is shown in fig. 7: firstly, completing the calibration connection of each device in the system according to the graph shown in FIG. 8; starting a system for preheating, and then setting the working frequency of a vector network analyzer 1 as the working frequency of the phased array antenna during active reflection coefficient index test, wherein the power is the power value during test; setting the test parameters of the vector network analyzer 1 as S21 and S11, wherein S21 represents the monitoring signal of the system channel, and S11 represents the reflection signal of the system channel; setting the control quantity of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension according to the extension calibration data matrix, keeping the setting unchanged, setting the test track of the vector network analyzer 1 to be S11, opening a calibration menu, selecting single-port calibration, completing the single-port calibration of the vector network analyzer by using the calibration piece 5 according to the prompt, completing the calibration of the system channel 1 when the calibration is completed, completing the calibration from the channel 2 to the channel M according to the steps, and finally completing the system calibration.
In this embodiment 4, the calibration algorithm carried by the hardware device of the test system and the vector network analyzer 1 is used to calibrate the test port of the whole system, the calibration method is simple, the calibration precision is high, and the test precision can be effectively ensured.
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system is characterized by comprising a vector network analyzer, a multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension, a signal extraction extension, a main control computer, a calibration piece and an amplitude and phase stabilizing cable; wherein,
the vector network analyzer is configured for generating a test excitation signal, receiving the reference, reflected and monitored signals;
the multichannel amplitude and phase control extension is configured to be used for realizing the conversion of the test excitation signal from the 1 path to the M paths and the independent amplitude and phase control of the M paths of signals, and finally realizing the output of the M paths of amplitude and phase controllable excitation signals;
the signal extraction extension is configured to be used for realizing direct output of M paths of amplitude-phase controllable excitation signals, reference coupling, monitoring coupling and reflection coupling extraction of the M paths of amplitude-phase controllable excitation signals, and switch control and selection output;
the main control computer is configured to realize automatic control on the calibration and test of the whole system;
the calibration piece is configured to be used for completing calibration of the whole system;
the amplitude and phase stabilizing cable is configured to be used for realizing connection between corresponding devices in the system and connection between the system and the antenna array to be tested;
the multichannel amplitude and phase control extension comprises an M-path power distribution network, M-path amplitude and phase control channels, a multichannel amplitude and phase control extension interface conversion circuit, a multichannel amplitude and phase control extension power supply, a multichannel amplitude and phase control extension input interface and M multichannel amplitude and phase control extension output interfaces; each amplitude control channel consists of a numerical control phase shifter, a numerical control attenuator and a power amplifier; the numerical control phase shifter and the numerical control attenuator respectively realize the adjustment control of phase and amplitude through numerical control commands, and a control interface of the numerical control phase shifter and the numerical control attenuator is connected with a multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension interface switching circuit through a control cable; the interface conversion circuit of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension is used for realizing interface conversion and data distribution from an external program control command to a control command of a numerical control microwave part; the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension power supply is used for supplying power to the microwave components in the M paths of amplitude-phase control channels; the input interface of the multichannel amplitude and phase control extension is used for realizing the access of a test excitation signal and is connected with the source output port of the vector network analyzer; the output interface of the multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension is used for outputting M paths of amplitude and phase controllable excitation signals and is connected with the corresponding input port of the signal extraction extension; the signal extraction extension comprises M paths of coupling networks, three M1-out-of-band switches, a signal extraction extension interface conversion circuit, a signal extraction extension power supply, M signal extraction extension input interfaces, M signal extraction extension output interfaces, a reference output interface, a monitoring output interface and a reflection output interface; each path of coupling network consists of three couplers and is respectively used for realizing the coupling output of the excitation through output and a reference signal, the coupling output of the excitation through output and a monitoring signal and the coupling output of the excitation through output and a reflection echo signal of a tested antenna; the three M-to-1 switches are respectively used for realizing the switching selection output of the M paths of reference coupling signals, the switching selection output of the M paths of monitoring coupling signals and the switching selection output of the M paths of reflection coupling signals; the signal extraction extension interface conversion circuit is used for realizing interface conversion and data distribution from an external program control command to three M-to-1 switch control commands; the signal extraction extension power supply is used for supplying power to the three switches of which the M is selected to be 1; the input interface of the signal extraction extension is used for realizing the access of an excitation signal, and the input interface of the signal extraction extension is connected with the output interface of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension; the signal extraction extension output interface is used for outputting the excitation signal after amplitude and phase control, and is configured to be connected with an antenna unit feed interface of the antenna array to be tested; the reference output interface is used for realizing reference extraction output of the excitation signal after amplitude and phase control, and is connected with one input port of a receiver of the vector network analyzer; the monitoring output interface is used for realizing the monitoring, extraction and output of the excitation signal after amplitude-phase control, and is connected with one input port of a receiver of the vector network analyzer; and the reflection output interface is used for realizing the extraction and output of the reflection echo of the tested antenna unit and is connected with one input port of the receiver of the vector network analyzer.
2. A method for testing the active reflection coefficient of a phased array antenna, using the system for testing the active reflection coefficient of a phased array antenna according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
the vector network analyzer port outputs an excitation signal with set frequency and power, the excitation signal enters an input interface of an amplitude-phase control extension, after M paths of power division network power division, each path of signal enters a signal extraction extension after amplitude phase adjustment and power amplification, after independent amplitude-phase adjustment, M paths of signals pass through a coupling network, a through signal feeds the array of the antenna to be tested, at the moment, M antenna units are simultaneously in a feeding state, and the amplitude phase of the feed signal received by each antenna unit is independently controllable, so that the mutual coupling effect existing among the antenna units is the same as the actual working state of the array, and at the moment, the measured reflection coefficient of the antenna unit is consistent with the active reflection coefficient in the actual working state; under the control of a master control computer, a vector network analyzer simultaneously receives a reflection signal extracted by a coupler and a reference signal extracted by the coupler, the active reflection coefficients of the antenna units to be tested are directly obtained after calibration and operation processing, and the active reflection coefficients of M antenna units in the antenna array to be tested are respectively tested by switching an M-to-1 switch in a signal extraction extension; under the control of the main control computer, the vector network analyzer also receives the monitoring signal extracted by the coupler, the main control computer automatically completes the comparison between the monitoring signal extracted in real time and the stored standard data in the long-time test process, if the amplitude phase of the real-time monitoring signal exceeds the specified threshold, the main control computer prompts the channel calibration, and the user observes the working state of the system in real time according to the monitoring channel.
3. An extension calibration method of a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system, which is directed to the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system of claim 1, and is characterized in that the extension calibration method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, starting a system for preheating, and then completing the double-port calibration of the vector network analyzer; completing the calibration connection of each device of the system; setting the working frequency of a vector network analyzer as the working frequency of the phased array antenna during the active reflection coefficient index test, and setting the power as the power value during the test; setting the test parameters of the vector network analyzer as S21 and R2/R1, wherein S21 represents the amplitude-phase information of the extension channel, and R2/R1 represents the monitoring standard data of the amplitude-phase information of the channel; program-controlled multi-channel amplitude and phase control extension; changing the amplitude phase control quantity until the feeding requirement of the tested phased array antenna is met, and acquiring and storing S21 and R2/R1 amplitude phase data corresponding to the channel; sequentially completing the acquisition and storage of the S21 and R2/R1 amplitude phase data corresponding to the channels from the rest channel 2 to the channel M; and according to the steps, the acquisition and storage of the data of each channel under all the working frequencies are sequentially completed, an extension calibration data matrix is established, and extension calibration is completed.
4. A system calibration method of a phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system, which is directed to the phased array antenna active reflection coefficient test system of claim 1, and is characterized in that the system calibration method specifically comprises: firstly, completing the calibration connection of each device in the system; starting a system for preheating, and then setting the working frequency of a vector network analyzer as the working frequency of the phased array antenna during active reflection coefficient index test, wherein the power is the power value during test; setting the test parameters of the vector network analyzer to be S21 and S11, wherein S21 represents a monitoring signal of a system channel, and S11 represents a reflected signal of the system channel; setting the control quantity of the multi-channel amplitude-phase control extension according to the extension calibration data matrix, keeping the setting unchanged, setting the test track of the vector network analyzer to be S11, opening a calibration menu, selecting single-port calibration, completing the single-port calibration of the vector network analyzer by using a calibration piece according to a prompt, completing the calibration of a system channel 1 when the calibration is completed, completing the calibration of a channel 2 to a channel M according to the steps, and finally completing the system calibration.
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