CN107786167B - Graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier and design method - Google Patents
Graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier and design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier and a design method thereof, and the graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier comprises a cavity assembly and a cover plate, wherein the cavity assembly comprises a cavity and an input coaxial connector and an output coaxial connector which are respectively positioned at two ends of the cavity, and the graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier is characterized in that: the graphene frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate is further includedThe graphene frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate comprises a high-frequency medium substrate, an input reflection network, graphene and an output reflection network, wherein the input reflection network, the graphene and the output reflection network are arranged on the high-frequency medium substrate, and the input reflection network and the output reflection network are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of the graphene; input reflection network pair f0For matching state, the harmonic component to be recovered is in grounding state, and the output reflection network pair Nf0In a matching state, the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered are in a total reflection state, and the total reflection is to reflect the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the input reflection network through the graphene. The graphene frequency multiplier can solve the problem of low frequency multiplication efficiency of the graphene frequency multiplier, and has the characteristics of low cost and self-suppression of even harmonics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a frequency multiplier, in particular to a graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier and a design method.
Background
Microwave and millimeter wave frequency sources are widely used in systems such as radars, communication, guidance and testing instruments. And the frequency multiplier is one of the important components in the frequency source. In microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands, the two-port passive frequency multiplier is widely used in frequency multiplication source design, and the two-port passive frequency multiplier in a high frequency band has better performance than an active oscillator in the aspects of stability, noise and the like. In recent years, graphene is considered to be a next-generation electronic material due to its high electron mobility and good thermal conductivity, and is a hot research direction.
Graphene has good nonlinear characteristics, and as stated in the document s.a. mikhalilov.non-linear electromagnetic response of graphene [ J ]. europhys.lett.79,27002(2007), graphene outputs fundamental wave and its frequency multiplication component under electromagnetic field excitation. The graphene two-port frequency doubling circuit has a natural even harmonic suppression function, the output frequency component only comprises fundamental waves and odd harmonics, and the graphene two-port frequency doubling circuit is very suitable for nonlinear frequency devices (such as frequency multipliers and the like).
Recently, further research on graphene two-port frequency multipliers has been carried out, and documents m.dragoman, d.necoloiu, g.deligeorgis, et al.millimeter-wave generation via frequency multiplication in graph [ J ]. Applied Physics letters.97,093101(2010) report a microwave frequency multiplier based on CPW transmission line gap-loaded graphene, in which when the excitation frequency is 5GHz and the excitation power is 0dBm, the frequency multiplication loss of 7 th harmonic is the smallest, about-28 dB; a Frequency Tripler Based on Microstrip Gap-loaded Graphene is reported in documents R.Camblor, S.Ver Hoeye, G.Hotopan, et al.microwave Frequency Tripler Based on a Microstrip Gap with Graphene [ J ]. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and applications.2011,25: 1921-.
Therefore, the graphene has strong electromagnetic field nonlinearity, and is very suitable for nonlinear devices such as frequency multipliers; however, the graphene frequency multiplier has high frequency multiplication loss and low working efficiency, and the use scene of the graphene frequency multiplier is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and solve the problem that the graphene frequency multiplier is low in frequency multiplication efficiency, and the graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier and the design method have the characteristics of low cost and self-suppression of even harmonics.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier comprises a cavity assembly and a cover plate, wherein the cavity assembly comprises a cavity, an input coaxial connector and an output coaxial connector which are respectively positioned at two ends of the cavity, and a high-frequency substrate of the graphene frequency multiplier;
the graphene frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate comprises a high-frequency medium substrate, an input reflection network, graphene and an output reflection network, wherein the input reflection network, the graphene and the output reflection network are arranged on the high-frequency medium substrate, and the input reflection network and the output reflection network are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of the graphene;
let the output signal be the fundamental wave f0The frequency multiplication frequency is N, wherein the output signal after frequency multiplication is Nf0The frequency component of the signal to be recovered is (2n +1) f0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
the input reflection network pair f0In the matching state, the signal frequency component needing to be recovered is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network pair Nf0And in a matching state, the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered are in a total reflection state, and the total reflection is to reflect the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the input reflection network through the graphene.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the input reflection network and the output reflection network realize the reflection and recovery of harmonic components by adopting a mode that a 50-ohm microstrip line is connected in parallel with a high-low impedance resonant circuit.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: in the high-low impedance resonance loop, a high-impedance microstrip line and a low-impedance microstrip line equivalent resonance loop are adopted, and the equivalent method is as follows:
a section of length l less than the wavelength and characteristic impedance Z0Of the transmission line, which is terminated by a load ZLThen input impedance ZinComprises the following steps:
wherein k is a propagation constant;
when the high line load is low, i.e. ZL<<ZOThen equation (1) is written as:
Zin≈ZL+jZ0tankl≈ZL+jωL0l (2)
where ω is the angular frequency, ω is 2 pi f, f is the operating frequency of the transmission signal on the transmission line, L0Is an equivalent inductance per unit length, where L0l is the equivalent inductance of the high-impedance microstrip line;
when the low-resistance line load is high, i.e. ZL＞＞Z0Then equation (1) is written as:
wherein C is0Equivalent capacitance per unit length, C0l is the equivalent capacitance of the low-impedance microstrip line.
A design method of a graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier is adopted, and the design method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a recovered signal frequency component according to the input signal and the frequency multiplication times; wherein the input signal is a fundamental wave f0The frequency multiplication frequency is N, wherein the output signal after frequency multiplication is Nf0The frequency component of the signal to be recovered is (2n +1) f0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
(2) designing an input reflection network and an output reflection network;
the input reflection network pair f0In the matching state, the signal frequency component needing to be recovered is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network pair Nf0In a matching state, the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered are in a total reflection state, and the total reflection is to reflect the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the input reflection network through the graphene;
(3) designing a graphene frequency multiplier with a high-frequency substrate of the graphene frequency multiplier according to the output reflection network and the input reflection network in the step (2);
(4) graphene frequency doubler operation
(41) Externally connected with an excitation signal source to generate fundamental wave f0The fundamental wave f0After the graphene is excited for the first time through the input reflection network, fundamental wave and odd harmonic component are generated at the rear end of the graphene, and the odd harmonic component comprises an output signal Nf0And a signal frequency component (2n +1) f to be recovered0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
(42) the output reflection network outputs an output signal Nf0Matching and outputting, namely totally reflecting the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the front end of the graphene through the graphene;
(43) the signal frequency component to be recovered is grounded through the input reflection network, when fundamental waves are reflected to the front end of the graphene and pass through the graphene, the graphene is excited for the second time, odd harmonic components are generated at the rear end of the graphene again, and the fundamental waves continue to be grounded through the excitation signal source forwards;
(44) repeating step (42) for odd harmonic components generated by the second excitationSub-matching outputs an output signal Nf0；
(45) Nf to be generated twice0And performing superposition synthesis output.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: and N is 3 and 5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, a complex process is not required, only the graphene is required to be transferred to the microstrip transmission gap, and compared with the traditional semiconductor frequency multiplier, the manufacturing process is simple and the cost is low; the frequency multiplier only outputs fundamental waves and odd harmonics, can realize the suppression of even harmonics without extra measures, and has the advantage of structure compared with the traditional frequency multiplier which also needs a mode of reversely connecting diodes in parallel; the graphene adopted by the invention is a two-dimensional material of carbon, and compared with the traditional semiconductor process, the pollution can be reduced to a certain extent; according to the invention, the input/output reflection network is adopted to recover fundamental wave and harmonic component to be recovered, and compared with the similar graphene frequency multiplier, the frequency multiplication efficiency can be obviously improved.
In addition: the invention adopts graphene to be applied in a frequency multiplier, designs a special input reflection network and a special output reflection network, combines a processing method, feeds fundamental wave signals into a 50 ohm microstrip line of a high-frequency substrate through an input coaxial connector, generates odd harmonic components after exciting the graphene, retains the required harmonic components, reflects the rest back to absorb, and excites the graphene again by using the fundamental waves to generate the harmonic components in the reflection process, superposes the harmonic components required twice, and improves the frequency multiplication output power and efficiency by using the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high frequency substrate in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cover plate; 2. a high-frequency substrate; 3. a cavity; 4. an input coaxial connector; 5. an output coaxial connector; 6. a 50 ohm microstrip line; 7. an input reflective network; 8. an output reflective network; 9. graphene.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1 to 3, the graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier comprises a cavity 3 assembly and a cover plate 1, wherein the cavity 3 assembly comprises a cavity 3, an input coaxial connector 4 and an output coaxial connector 5 which are respectively positioned at two ends of the cavity 3, and a graphene 9 frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate 2;
the graphene 9 frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate 2 comprises a high-frequency medium substrate, an input reflection network 7, graphene 9 and an output reflection network 8, wherein the input reflection network 7, the graphene 9 and the output reflection network 8 are arranged on the high-frequency medium substrate, and the input reflection network 7 and the output reflection network 8 are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of the graphene 9;
let the output signal be the fundamental wave f0The frequency multiplication frequency is N, wherein the output signal after frequency multiplication is Nf0The frequency component of the signal to be recovered is (2n +1) f0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
the input reflection network 7 pair f0In the matching state, the signal frequency component needing to be recovered is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network 8 pairs Nf0In a matching state, the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered are in a total reflection state, and the total reflection is to reflect the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the reflection network 7 through the graphene 9.
In this embodiment: the input reflection network 7 and the output reflection network 8 realize the reflection recovery of harmonic components by adopting a mode that a 50-ohm microstrip line 6 is connected in parallel with a high-low impedance resonance loop; in the high-low impedance resonance loop, a high-impedance microstrip line and a low-impedance microstrip line equivalent resonance loop are adopted, and the equivalent method is as follows:
a section of length l less than the wavelength and characteristic impedance Z0Of the transmission line, which is terminated by a load ZLThen input impedance ZinComprises the following steps:
wherein k is a propagation constant;
when the high resistance line is negativeWhen the load is low, i.e. ZL<<ZOThen equation (1) is written as:
Zin≈ZL+jZ0tankl≈ZL+jωL0l (2)
where ω is the angular frequency, ω is 2 pi f, f is the operating frequency of the transmission signal on the transmission line, L0Is an equivalent inductance per unit length, where L0l is the equivalent inductance of the high-impedance microstrip line; f may be the fundamental wave f0Frequency multiplication output signal Nf0And the signal frequency component (2n +1) f to be recovered0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N), which signals are transmitted specifically, f selects the corresponding value;
when the low-resistance line load is high, i.e. ZL＞＞ZOThen equation (1) is written as:
wherein C is0Equivalent capacitance per unit length, C0l is the equivalent capacitance of the low-impedance microstrip line.
A design method of a graphene 9 odd harmonic frequency multiplier is adopted, and the design method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a recovered signal frequency component according to the input signal and the frequency multiplication times; wherein the input signal is a fundamental wave f0The frequency multiplication frequency is N, wherein the output signal after frequency multiplication is Nf0The frequency component of the signal to be recovered is (2n +1) f0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
(2) designing an input reflection network 7 and an output reflection network 8;
the input reflection network 7 pair f0In the matching state, the signal frequency component needing to be recovered is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network 8 pairs Nf0In a matching state, the fundamental wave and the harmonic component needing to be recovered are in a total reflection state, and the total reflection is that the fundamental wave and the harmonic component needing to be recovered are reflected back to the reflection net through the graphene 9 and are input into the reflection netA complex of 7;
(3) designing a graphene 9 frequency multiplier with a graphene 9 frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate 2 according to the output reflection network 8 and the input reflection network 7 in the step (2);
(4) graphene 9 frequency doubler operation
(41) Externally connected with an excitation signal source to generate fundamental wave f0The fundamental wave f0After the graphene 9 is excited for the first time through the input reflection network 7, fundamental wave and odd harmonic component are generated at the rear end of the graphene 9, and the odd harmonic component comprises an output signal Nf0And a signal frequency component (2n +1) f to be recovered0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
(42) the output reflection network 8 outputs an output signal Nf0Matching and outputting, namely totally reflecting the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the front end of the graphene 9 through the graphene 9;
(43) the signal frequency component to be recovered is grounded through the input reflection network 7, when the fundamental wave is reflected to the front end of the graphene 9 and passes through the graphene 9, the graphene 9 is excited for the second time, the odd harmonic component is generated at the rear end of the graphene 9 again, and the fundamental wave is grounded through the excitation signal source forwards continuously;
(44) repeating (42) the odd harmonic components generated by the second excitation, and matching again to output an output signal Nf0；
(45) Nf to be generated twice0And performing superposition synthesis output.
In the present embodiment, N is 3 and 5.
Example 2: for better illustration of the present invention, we assume that N is 3, and this case is designed as a cubic multiplier.
Wherein, on the high-frequency medium substrate, an input reflection network 7, graphene 9 and an output reflection network 8 are arranged. Thus, it can be seen that: the input signal being the fundamental wave f0The frequency-multiplied output signal is 3f0The harmonic component to be recovered is the fundamental wave, 5f0. Since most of the harmonic components are concentrated in the fundamental, 3 rd, 5 th harmonic signals, it is recommended to consider these output signals with great importance.
In the output reflection network 8: for output signalsFrequency 3f0The output reflection network 8 is in a matching state; and for the fundamental and 5 th harmonic components, the output reflective network 8 is in a fully reflective state.
Input into the reflection network 7: to f0For the matching state, pair 5f0Is in a grounding state;
the input reflection network 7 and the output reflection network 8 realize the recovery of the output recovery signal component by using the high-low impedance resonance loop of the microstrip line, and similarly, the length and the line width of the high-low impedance line can be determined by using electromagnetic field simulation software such as ADS or HFSS, and the reflection of the output recovery signal component can be realized.
The design method comprises the following steps:
(1) in a cubic frequency multiplier, the input signal is a fundamental wave f0The frequency-multiplied output signal is 3f0The harmonic component to be recovered is the fundamental wave, 5f0；
(2) Designing an input reflection network 7 and an output reflection network 8;
the input reflection network 7 pair f0For the matching state, pair 5f0Is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network 8 to 3f0For the matching state, pair f0And 5f0In the state of total reflection,
(3) designing a graphene 9 frequency multiplier with a graphene 9 frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate 2 according to the output reflection network 8 and the input reflection network 7 in the step (2);
(4) graphene 9 frequency doubler operation
(41) Externally connected with an excitation signal source to generate fundamental wave f0The fundamental wave f0After the first excitation of the graphene 9 by the input reflection network 7, f is generated at the rear end of the graphene 90、3f0、5f0；
(42) The output reflection network 8 outputs the output signal 3f0Match out, will f0And 5f0Totally reflecting the front end of the graphene 9 by the graphene 9;
(43)5f0is grounded via the input reflection network 7, and, at the same time, f0Is reflected back to the front end of the graphene 9 and passes through the graphene 9, exciting the graphite for the second timeAlkene 9 and again 3f generation at graphene 9 backend0、5f0Equal signal, f0The self continues to be grounded through the excitation signal source;
(44) 5f generated by second excitation0The repeated step (42) is recovered, and an output signal 3f is matched and output again0；
(45) Will generate twice the 3f0And performing superposition synthesis output.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3: we assume that N is 5, which is designed as a fifth multiplier.
In the output reflection network 8: for output signal frequency 5f0The output reflection network 8 is in a matching state; and for the other output signal components: fundamental wave sum 3f0The output reflection network 8 is in a total reflection state.
Input into the reflection network 7: to f0For the matching state, pair 3f0Is in a grounding state;
the design method comprises the following steps:
(1) in a quintic frequency multiplier, the input signal is the fundamental wave f0The frequency-multiplied output signal is 5f0The harmonic component to be recovered is the fundamental wave, 3f0；
(2) Designing an input reflection network 7 and an output reflection network 8;
the input reflection network 7 pair f0For the matching state, pair 3f0Is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network 8 to 5f0For the matching state, pair f0And 3f0Is in a total reflection state;
(3) designing a graphene 9 frequency multiplier with a graphene 9 frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate 2 according to the output reflection network 8 and the input reflection network 7 in the step (2);
(4) graphene 9 frequency doubler operation
(41) Externally connected with an excitation signal source to generate fundamental wave f0The fundamental wave f0After the first excitation of the graphene 9 by the input reflection network 7, f is generated at the rear end of the graphene 90、3f0、5f0；
(42) The output reflection network 8 outputs the output signal 5f0Match out, will f0And 3f0Totally reflecting the front end of the graphene 9 by the graphene 9;
(43)3f0grounded via an input reflection network 7, f0Upon being reflected back to the front end of graphene 9 to pass through graphene 9, graphene 9 is excited a second time and 3f is again generated at the back end of graphene 90、5f0Equal signal, f0The self continues to be grounded through the excitation signal source;
(44) 3f generated by second excitation0The repeated step (42) is absorbed, and an output signal 5f is matched again and output0；
(45) Will generate 5f twice0And performing superposition synthesis output.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 4: if N is 7, the design is a seven-time multiplier, and in this case, 3f needs to be input into the reflection network 70、5f0Designed to be in a grounded state. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a design method of graphite alkene odd harmonic frequency multiplier, adopts graphite alkene odd harmonic frequency multiplier, graphite alkene odd harmonic frequency multiplier includes cavity subassembly and apron, the cavity subassembly includes the cavity and is located the input coaxial connector and the output coaxial connector at cavity both ends respectively, its characterized in that: the graphene frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate is also included;
the graphene frequency multiplier high-frequency substrate comprises a high-frequency medium substrate, an input reflection network, graphene and an output reflection network, wherein the input reflection network, the graphene and the output reflection network are arranged on the high-frequency medium substrate, and the input reflection network and the output reflection network are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of the graphene;
let the output signal be the fundamental wave f0The frequency multiplication frequency is N, wherein the output signal after frequency multiplication is Nf0The frequency component of the signal to be recovered is (2n +1) f0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
the input reflection network pair f0For the matching state, on demandThe recovered signal frequency component is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network pair Nf0In a matching state, the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered are in a total reflection state, and the total reflection is to reflect the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the input reflection network through the graphene;
the input reflection network and the output reflection network realize the reflection recovery of harmonic components in a mode of connecting a 50-ohm microstrip line in parallel with a high-low impedance resonant circuit;
the design method of the graphene odd harmonic frequency multiplier comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a recovered signal frequency component according to the input signal and the frequency multiplication times; wherein the input signal is a fundamental wave f0The frequency multiplication frequency is N, wherein the output signal after frequency multiplication is Nf0The frequency component of the signal to be recovered is (2n +1) f0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
(2) designing an input reflection network and an output reflection network;
the input reflection network pair f0In the matching state, the signal frequency component needing to be recovered is in a grounding state;
the output reflection network pair Nf0In a matching state, the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered are in a total reflection state, and the total reflection is to reflect the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the input reflection network through the graphene;
(3) designing a graphene frequency multiplier with a high-frequency substrate of the graphene frequency multiplier according to the output reflection network and the input reflection network in the step (2);
(4) graphene frequency doubler operation
(41) Externally connected with an excitation signal source to generate fundamental wave f0The fundamental wave f0After the graphene is excited for the first time through the input reflection network, fundamental wave and odd harmonic component are generated at the rear end of the graphene, and the odd harmonic component comprises an output signal Nf0And a signal frequency component (2n +1) f to be recovered0Where N is 1,2, 3, 4 … and (2N +1) ≠ N;
(42) the output reflection network outputs an output signal Nf0MatchingOutputting, and totally reflecting the fundamental wave and the harmonic component to be recovered back to the front end of the graphene through the graphene;
(43) the signal frequency component to be recovered is grounded through the input reflection network, when fundamental waves are reflected to the front end of the graphene and pass through the graphene, the graphene is excited for the second time, odd harmonic components are generated at the rear end of the graphene again, and the fundamental waves continue to be grounded through the excitation signal source forwards;
(44) repeating (42) the odd harmonic components generated by the second excitation, and matching again to output an output signal Nf0；
(45) Nf to be generated twice0And performing superposition synthesis output.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the high-low impedance resonance loop, a high-impedance microstrip line and a low-impedance microstrip line equivalent resonance loop are adopted, and the equivalent method is as follows:
a section of length l less than the wavelength and characteristic impedance Z0Of the transmission line, which is terminated by a load ZLThen input impedance ZinComprises the following steps:
wherein k is a propagation constant;
when the high line load is low, i.e. ZL＜＜Z0Then equation (1) is written as:
Zin≈ZL+jZ0tan kl≈ZL+jωL0l (2)
where ω is the angular frequency, ω is 2 pi f, f is the operating frequency of the transmission signal on the transmission line, L0Is an equivalent inductance per unit length, where L0l is the equivalent inductance of the high-impedance microstrip line;
when the low-resistance line load is high, i.e. ZL＞＞Z0Then equation (1) is written as:
wherein C is0Equivalent capacitance per unit length, C0l is the equivalent capacitance of the low-impedance microstrip line.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and N is 3 or 5.
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