CN107778840A - 一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料 - Google Patents

一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料 Download PDF

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CN107778840A
CN107778840A CN201711166160.3A CN201711166160A CN107778840A CN 107778840 A CN107778840 A CN 107778840A CN 201711166160 A CN201711166160 A CN 201711166160A CN 107778840 A CN107778840 A CN 107778840A
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ppg
parts
water tank
solar water
polyether glycol
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马昭键
方凤才
海涛
何翠
李少明
彭明辉
莫佩玉
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Guangxi Jikuang Solar Energy Equipment Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，由异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇组合物以质量比1～1.4:1混合发泡而得。所述聚醚多元醇组合物包括葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇、黄麻纤维、乙二醇、无机阻燃剂、空心玻璃微球、HFC‑356、水溶性硅油、复合催化剂和固化剂。本发明的保温材料原材料来源广泛、价格低廉，保温材料具有阻燃性能和防冻性能，且水箱保温性能高。

Description

一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能保温材料技术领域，更具体地说是涉及一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料。
背景技术
随着能源日益紧缺和环保压力的不断增大，世界各国都开始力推开发可再生能源，其中太阳能为利用和开发最广、发展前景最好的可再生能源，现已广泛应用于各行各业，太阳能热水器行业就是其中之一。我国蕴藏着丰富的太阳能资源，太阳能利用前景广阔，目前已是世界上太阳能热水器的第一使用国和生产国。
目前能用作水箱的保温材料主要有聚氨酯泡沫、酚醛泡沫、超细纤维等。聚氨酯泡沫是由异氰酸酯与聚醚组合物混合浇注至模具或水箱空腔内发泡制得，其中聚醚组合物含有聚醚多元醇、发泡剂、催化剂、稳定剂等，由于聚氨酯泡沫具有成型工艺简单、导热系数低等优势，是水箱主要采用的保温材料。
聚氨酯硬泡沫在生产过程中，因其本身特性、生产工艺以及生产工人操作技能等各方面的原因，普遍存在泡沫收缩的问题，容易导致泡沫与外壳部分脱落或全部脱落，最终导致外壳变形，真空管口泡沫开裂，更有甚者，内胆和外壳之间的聚氨酯硬泡沫横向或纵向开裂，大大地降低了水箱的保温效果。且聚氨酯泡沫材料具有易燃、火焰传播速度快等缺点。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，该材料原材料来源广泛、价格低廉，保温材料具有阻燃性能和防冻性能，且水箱保温性能高。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，由异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇组合物以质量比1～1.4:1混合发泡而得。
所述的异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）、多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯（PAPI）或脂肪族和芳香族的有机异氰酸酯。
所述聚醚多元醇组合物包括以下重量份数的原料：
葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇70～90份、黄麻纤维5～8份、乙二醇6～12份、无机阻燃剂3～5份、空心玻璃微球5～8份、HFC-356 0.5～2份、水溶性硅油0.5～2份、复合催化剂2～5份和固化剂1～3份。
所述黄麻纤维的长度在3～20mm之间，空心玻璃微球的直径在10～100nm之间；
所述的无机阻燃剂是重量份数5～10:100的三氧化二锑和氢氧化铝的混合物；
所述的复合催化剂是三乙烯二胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、油酸钾、三乙醇胺和季铵盐中的一种或几种；
所述固化剂为磷酸和/或苯磺酸。
所述保温材料的制备方法包括以下内容：
称取葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇、黄麻纤维、乙二醇、无机阻燃剂、空心玻璃微球、HFC-356、水溶性硅油、复合催化剂和固化剂混合均匀，温度控制为23～25℃，得到聚醚多元醇组合物；将聚醚多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯在高压枪内高速碰撞进行混合后，灌注到太阳能水箱的腔体内进行发泡，经过高温固化后即可得到保温材料，注料压力为110～130bar。
黄麻纤维是最廉价的天然纤维之一，种植量和用途的广泛性都仅次于棉花。黄麻纤维具有较高的比强度、比弹性模量、柔顺性等性能，作为增强材料可以有效改善聚氨酯材料的性能，而且增强后的聚氨酯更容易回收和降解。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料压缩变形小、导热系数低、强度高、保温效果好，具有阻燃性。本发明的原材料来源广泛、价格低廉，对环境无污染，保温材料制作简单，操作方便。本发明的发泡剂采用HFC-356，无毒、不燃、使用安全，且热导率低，ODP值为零，GWP值接近零。
具体实施方式
为了更加详细的介绍本发明，下面结合实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，由二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）和聚醚多元醇组合物以质量比1.2:1混合发泡而得。
所述聚醚多元醇组合物包括以下重量份数的原料：
葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇80份、黄麻纤维6份、乙二醇9份、无机阻燃剂4份、空心玻璃微球6份、HFC-356 1份、水溶性硅油1份、三乙烯二胺3份和磷酸2份。
所述黄麻纤维的长度在3～20mm之间，空心玻璃微球的直径在10～100nm之间；
所述的无机阻燃剂是重量份数8:100的三氧化二锑和氢氧化铝的混合物。
所述保温材料的制备方法包括以下内容：
称取葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇、黄麻纤维、乙二醇、无机阻燃剂、空心玻璃微球、HFC-356、水溶性硅油、复合催化剂和固化剂混合均匀，温度控制为23～25℃，得到聚醚多元醇组合物；将聚醚多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯在高压枪内高速碰撞进行混合后，灌注到太阳能水箱的腔体内进行发泡，经过高温固化后即可得到保温材料，注料压力为110～130bar。
实施例2
一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，由甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）和聚醚多元醇组合物以质量比1.2:1混合发泡而得。
所述聚醚多元醇组合物包括以下重量份数的原料：
葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇80份、黄麻纤维6份、乙二醇9份、无机阻燃剂4份、空心玻璃微球6份、HFC-356 1份、水溶性硅油1份、N,N-二甲基环己胺3份和苯磺酸2份。
所述黄麻纤维的长度在3～20mm之间，空心玻璃微球的直径在10～100nm之间；
所述的无机阻燃剂是重量份数8:100的三氧化二锑和氢氧化铝的混合物。
所述保温材料的制备方法包括以下内容：
称取葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇、黄麻纤维、乙二醇、无机阻燃剂、空心玻璃微球、HFC-356、水溶性硅油、复合催化剂和固化剂混合均匀，温度控制为23～25℃，得到聚醚多元醇组合物；将聚醚多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯在高压枪内高速碰撞进行混合后，灌注到太阳能水箱的腔体内进行发泡，经过高温固化后即可得到保温材料，注料压力为110～130bar。
实施例3
一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，由二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）和聚醚多元醇组合物以质量比1.4:1混合发泡而得。
所述聚醚多元醇组合物包括以下重量份数的原料：
葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇90份、黄麻纤维8份、乙二醇12份、无机阻燃剂5份、空心玻璃微球8份、HFC-356 2份、水溶性硅油2份、三乙醇胺5份和磷酸3份。
所述黄麻纤维的长度在3～20mm之间，空心玻璃微球的直径在10～100nm之间；
所述的无机阻燃剂是重量份数10:100 的三氧化二锑和氢氧化铝的混合物。
所述保温材料的制备方法包括以下内容：
称取葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇、黄麻纤维、乙二醇、无机阻燃剂、空心玻璃微球、HFC-356、水溶性硅油、复合催化剂和固化剂混合均匀，温度控制为23～25℃，得到聚醚多元醇组合物；将聚醚多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯在高压枪内高速碰撞进行混合后，灌注到太阳能水箱的腔体内进行发泡，经过高温固化后即可得到保温材料，注料压力为110～130bar。
实施例4
一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，由二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）和聚醚多元醇组合物以质量比1:1混合发泡而得。
所述聚醚多元醇组合物包括以下重量份数：
葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇70份、黄麻纤维5份、乙二醇6份、无机阻燃剂3份、空心玻璃微球5份、HFC-356 0.5份、水溶性硅油0.5份、三乙醇胺2份和磷酸1份。
所述黄麻纤维的长度在3～20mm之间，空心玻璃微球的直径在10～100nm之间；
所述的无机阻燃剂是重量份数5:100的三氧化二锑和氢氧化铝的混合物。
所述保温材料的制备方法包括以下内容：
称取葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇、黄麻纤维、乙二醇、无机阻燃剂、空心玻璃微球、HFC-356、水溶性硅油、复合催化剂和固化剂混合均匀，温度控制为23～25℃，得到聚醚多元醇组合物；将聚醚多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯在高压枪内高速碰撞进行混合后，灌注到太阳能水箱的腔体内进行发泡，经过高温固化后即可得到保温材料，注料压力为110～130bar。
应用实施例
为更充分阐述本发明的有益效果，本申请人制造了2 台太阳能热水器，并进行一个测
试试验，其中一台太阳能热水器水箱采用市场上购买的广东省某公司生产的聚氨酯发泡材料作为保温材料（对照组），另一台采用本发明的聚氨酯发泡保温材料（实验组）。在多云天气（气温18～25℃）条件下，对照组的最高水温达80℃，实验组的最高水温达85℃，这说明本发明的太阳能水箱聚氨酯发泡保温材料保温效果更加好。
分别取对照组和实验组的模塑泡沫并检测其性能参数，性能指标如下表：
本发明的聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料在防火上的应用实施例：
将本发明的聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料和与之厚度、大小一样的现有聚氨酯硬泡沫材料（黑料+白料）同时置于天然液化气炉灶的火焰下灼烧10 分钟，结果发现，现有聚氨酯硬泡沫材料起火燃烧，本发明的保温材料不燃烧。

Claims (4)

1.一种太阳能热水器水箱聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，其特征在于，所述保温材料由异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇组合物以质量比1～1.4:1混合发泡而得。
2.根据权利要求1所述太阳能热水器水箱的聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，其特征在于，所述的异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）、多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯（PAPI）或脂肪族和芳香族的有机异氰酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述太阳能热水器水箱的聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇组合物包括以下重量份数的原料：
葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇70～90份、黄麻纤维5～8份、乙二醇6～12份、无机阻燃剂3～5份、空心玻璃微球5～8份、HFC-356 0.5～2份、水溶性硅油0.5～2份、复合催化剂2～5份和固化剂1～3份；
所述无机阻燃剂是重量份数5～10:100的三氧化二锑和氢氧化铝的混合物；
所述黄麻纤维的长度在3～20mm之间，空心玻璃微球的直径在10～100nm之间；
所述复合催化剂是三乙烯二胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、油酸钾、三乙醇胺和季铵盐中的一种或几种；
所述固化剂为磷酸和/或苯磺酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述太阳能热水器水箱的聚醚多元醇泡沫保温材料，其特征在于，所述保温材料的制备方法包括以下内容：
称取葡萄糖甙聚醚多元醇、黄麻纤维、乙二醇、无机阻燃剂、空心玻璃微球、HFC-356、水溶性硅油、复合催化剂和固化剂混合均匀，温度控制为23～25℃，得到聚醚多元醇组合物；将聚醚多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯在高压枪内高速碰撞进行混合后，灌注到太阳能水箱的腔体内进行发泡，经过高温固化后即可得到保温材料，注料压力为110～130bar。
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