CN106279629A - 纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料 - Google Patents

纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料 Download PDF

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CN106279629A
CN106279629A CN201610728154.1A CN201610728154A CN106279629A CN 106279629 A CN106279629 A CN 106279629A CN 201610728154 A CN201610728154 A CN 201610728154A CN 106279629 A CN106279629 A CN 106279629A
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谢松芬
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：异氰酸酯60‑80份，聚醚多元醇30‑40份，纳米氧化硅2‑4份，纤维/粒子混合物6‑8份，催化剂1‑3份，阻燃剂1‑3份，发泡剂0.5‑1份，硅油3‑5份，去离子水10‑12份。本发明纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料具有强度高、质量轻、导热低、尺寸稳定性良好、绝热效果好、耐磨防腐良好的特点，还具有高效的阻燃能力，且没有使用氯氟烃(CFC)发泡剂，节能环保。采用本产品，不但房屋的功能大大改善，而且可以减轻建筑物的自重，满足人们的审美要求。此外，本发明的制备工艺简单，成本低廉，设备要求低，生产过程环保。

Description

纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，具体是一种纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料。
背景技术
普通的聚氨酯材料一般多采用官能度多、羟值高的聚醚多元醇与多异氰酸酯反应，制成交联网状结构的高分子聚合物。目前，聚氨酯作为建筑材料，生产量越来越大，其具有硬度大、压缩强度高、尺寸稳定性较好、质量轻、导热系数低、闭孔率95％以上、防腐耐磨良好等优点，用途非常广泛，可以代替橡胶、塑料、尼龙等，用于机场、酒店、建材、汽车厂、煤矿厂、水泥厂、高级公寓、别墅、园林美化等。随着全球能源紧缺，各国都十分重视能源的节约，而在建筑领域，随着房地产的不断开发，能源紧缺问题日益突出，在建筑节能领域，降低建筑采暖能耗的重要途径之一就是最大限度的减少建筑外围结构的热损失，而墙体是建筑外围护结构的主体，如何让墙体材料节能环保，是各个国家研究的建筑材料的主要问题之一。
目前，我国大规模使用的有机保温材料主要有EPS(聚苯乙烯泡沫)、PS(挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫)和PU(聚氨酯泡沫),均属易燃有机保温材料,最大的优点是质轻、保温、隔热性好；缺点在于防火安全性差，易燃易老化且不环保。在燃烧时释放出大量有毒烟雾,可使人在短时间内中毒和窒息，这是因为在聚氨酯硬泡中，常用的发泡剂为氯氟烃(CFC)发泡剂，但是由于氯氟烃(CFC)发泡剂对大气臭氧层有破坏作用，为了维护生态环境，国际公约已经对其生产和使用做出了严格的限制和规定。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高抗压度、高拉伸度、收缩性能好且环保的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料。
本发明解决技术问题的技术方案是：
一种纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：
异氰酸酯60-80份，聚醚多元醇30-40份，纳米氧化硅2-4份，纤维/粒子混合物6-8份，催化剂1-3份，阻燃剂1-3份，发泡剂0.5-1份，硅油3-5份，去离子水10-12份。
优选地，上述纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：
异氰酸酯70份，聚醚多元醇35份，纳米氧化硅3份，纤维/粒子混合物7份，催化剂2份，阻燃剂2份，发泡剂0.8份，硅油4份，去离子水11份。
所述的异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)的一种或两种。
所述聚醚多元醇包括甘油聚醚和乙二胺聚醚,质量比例为2:1，分子量3000-4000，羟值400-500mgKOH/g，平均官能度4-5。
所述纤维/粒子混合物为玻璃纤维与玻璃微珠混合物、木质纤维与二氧化硅颗粒混合物或尼龙纤维与二氧化硅颗粒混合物中的一种或两种以上。
所述催化剂为N，N-二甲基环己胺。
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵。
所述发泡剂为三氯氟甲烷。
上述纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按照上述原料的质量份配比；
(2)依次将异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、纳米氧化硅、纤维/粒子混合物、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、硅油、去离子水加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1200-1500转/min的速度搅拌22-24min，使各原料充分混合均匀，得到产品。
本发明产品的优点在于：本发明纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料具有强度高、质量轻、导热低、尺寸稳定性良好、绝热效果好、耐磨防腐良好的特点，还具有高效的阻燃能力，且没有使用氯氟烃(CFC)发泡剂，节能环保。采用本产品，不但房屋的功能大大改善，而且可以减轻建筑物的自重，满足人们的审美要求。此外，本发明的制备工艺简单，成本低廉，设备要求低，生产过程环保，易于工业化生产，适于大范围推广应用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
一种纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：
异氰酸酯60kg，聚醚多元醇30kg，纳米氧化硅2kg，纤维/粒子混合物6kg，催化剂1kg，阻燃剂1kg，发泡剂0.5kg，硅油3kg，去离子水10kg。
所述的异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)。
所述聚醚多元醇包括甘油聚醚和乙二胺聚醚,质量比例为2:1，分子量3000，羟值400mgKOH/g，平均官能度4。
所述纤维/粒子混合物为玻璃纤维与玻璃微珠混合物。
所述催化剂为N，N-二甲基环己胺。
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵。
所述发泡剂为三氯氟甲烷。
上述纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按照上述原料的质量份配比；
(2)依次将异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、纳米氧化硅、纤维/粒子混合物、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、硅油、去离子水加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1200转/min的速度搅拌22min，使各原料充分混合均匀，得到产品。
实施例2
一种纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：
异氰酸酯70kg，聚醚多元醇35kg，纳米氧化硅3kg，纤维/粒子混合物7kg，催化剂2kg，阻燃剂2kg，发泡剂0.8kg，硅油4kg，去离子水11kg。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)。
所述聚醚多元醇包括甘油聚醚和乙二胺聚醚,质量比例为2:1，分子量3500，羟值450mgKOH/g，平均官能度4.5。
所述纤维/粒子混合物为木质纤维与二氧化硅颗粒混合物或。
所述催化剂为N，N-二甲基环己胺。
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵。
所述发泡剂为三氯氟甲烷。
上述纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按照上述原料的质量份配比；
(2)依次将异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、纳米氧化硅、纤维/粒子混合物、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、硅油、去离子水加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1350转/min的速度搅拌23min，使各原料充分混合均匀，得到产品。
实施例3
一种纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：
异氰酸酯80kg，聚醚多元醇40kg，纳米氧化硅4kg，纤维/粒子混合物8kg，催化剂3kg，阻燃剂3kg，发泡剂1kg，硅油5kg，去离子水12kg。
所述的异氰酸酯为多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)。
所述聚醚多元醇包括甘油聚醚和乙二胺聚醚,质量比例为2:1，分子量4000，羟值500mgKOH/g，平均官能度5。
所述纤维/粒子混合物为尼龙纤维与二氧化硅颗粒混合物。
所述催化剂为N，N-二甲基环己胺。
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵。
所述发泡剂为三氯氟甲烷。
上述纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按照上述原料的质量份配比；
(2)依次将异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、纳米氧化硅、纤维/粒子混合物、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、硅油、去离子水加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1500转/min的速度搅拌24min，使各原料充分混合均匀，得到产品。
分别对实施例1-3制备得到的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料的物理性能参数进行检测，并与现有普通聚氨酯保温材料对比，测试结果如表1所示。
由表可见，本发明以上实施例制备的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料的抗压强度、热释放速率、导热系数、闭孔率等指标都比现有的保温材料有明显地提高，经冷冻或高温条件下无收缩、变形、膨胀、开裂等现象，是一种性能好的保温材料。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：
异氰酸酯60-80份，聚醚多元醇30-40份，纳米氧化硅2-4份，纤维/粒子混合物6-8份，催化剂1-3份，阻燃剂1-3份，发泡剂0.5-1份，硅油3-5份，去离子水10-12份；
上述纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按照上述原料的质量份配比；
(2)依次将异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、纳米氧化硅、纤维/粒子混合物、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、硅油、去离子水加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1200-1500转/min的速度搅拌22-24min，使各原料充分混合均匀，得到产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：由以下重量份配比的原料发泡制成：
异氰酸酯70份，聚醚多元醇35份，纳米氧化硅3份，纤维/粒子混合物7份，催化剂2份，阻燃剂2份，发泡剂0.8份，硅油4份，去离子水11份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：所述的异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：所述聚醚多元醇包括甘油聚醚和乙二胺聚醚,质量比例为2:1，分子量3000-4000，羟值400-500mgKOH/g，平均官能度4-5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：所述纤维/粒子混合物为玻璃纤维与玻璃微珠混合物、木质纤维与二氧化硅颗粒混合物或尼龙纤维与二氧化硅颗粒混合物中的一种或两种以上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：所述催化剂为N，N-二甲基环己胺。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵。
8.根据权利要求1所述的纳米耐磨聚氨酯外墙保温材料，其特征是：所述发泡剂为三氯氟甲烷。
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