CN107778458A - 聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色‑透明电致变色材料及制备方法、组件与应用 - Google Patents

聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色‑透明电致变色材料及制备方法、组件与应用 Download PDF

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CN107778458A
CN107778458A CN201710907332.1A CN201710907332A CN107778458A CN 107778458 A CN107778458 A CN 107778458A CN 201710907332 A CN201710907332 A CN 201710907332A CN 107778458 A CN107778458 A CN 107778458A
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陈晓明
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Abstract

本发明介绍了一种新型品红色‑透明电致变色聚合物材料:聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色‑透明电致变色材料及制备方法、组件与应用。该聚合物可以通过电化学聚合在ITO玻璃表面成膜,其特点为驱动电压低、氧化态透明、光学对比度高,适合应用于智能窗、电致变色显示器等电致变色器件。本发明受到安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划项目(gxyq2017023)、安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2017A482,KJ2016JD16)、先进建筑材料安徽省重点实验室开放课题(JZCL201602ZZ)、大学生创新创业训练计划项目资助。

Description

聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料及制备方法、组 件与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及电致变色材料的合成和成膜方法,具体为聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料及制备方法、组件与应用。
背景技术
材料在交替的高低或正负外电场作用下通过注入或抽取电荷发生氧化还原反应,从而在低透过率的着色态和高透过率的消色态之间发生可逆变化的特殊现象称为电致变色,外观上表现为颜色及透明度的可逆变化,在电致变色窗、电致变色显示等领域有广阔的应用前景。
电致变色材料具有双稳态的性能,用电致变色材料做成的电致变色显示器件不仅不需要背光灯,而且显示静态图像后,只要显示内容不变化,就不会耗电,达到节能的目的。电致变色显示器与其它显示器相比具有无视盲角、对比度高、制造成本低、工作温度范围宽、驱动电压低、色彩丰富等优点,在仪表显示、户外广告、静态显示等领域具有很大的应用前景。
无机电致变色材料主要以WO3、MoO3、NiO等过渡金属氧化物为代表,其光吸收变化是因为离子和电子的双注入和双抽取而引起的。有机电致变色材料则以有机小分子紫精和π-共轭聚合物如聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩等为代表,其光吸收变化来自氧化还原反应,这类材料色彩丰富,容易进行分子设计,因而更加受到研究者的青睐。特别是3,4-二氧基噻吩(如3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩PEDOT),由于电子给体的二氧基在高p-掺杂水平下能够稳定封闭壳双极化子结构,因而为聚(3,4-亚烷基二氧基噻吩)提供了高导电性和透明氧化态,电致变色材料无论是应用于智能窗还是显示,都需要材料具有透明态(可接近完全褪色),因而这一发现促进了3,4-二氧基噻吩聚合物的广泛应用。
聚合物主链刚性及分子链间π-π堆积作用使得π-共轭聚合物具有不熔不溶的特性,因此在利用π-共轭聚合物制备电致变色器件时研究者们通常采用电化学聚合的方法使得到的聚合物直接沉积于电极表面形成聚合物薄膜。电聚合是利用外加电压使单体在阳极发生电化学氧化反应,通过自由基间逐步偶合形成共轭聚合物。
相对于以三氯化铁为氧化剂的化学氧化聚合以及以钯络合物为催化剂的偶联聚合反应,电聚合方法合成共轭聚合物具有以下优点:
(1)电聚合可以在适宜电压下通过阳极氧化反应直接得到聚合物,而不需要另外添加氧化剂或催化剂,减少共轭聚合物的合成成本;
(2)电聚合过程中掺杂入共轭聚合物的电解质可以方便地通过施加负电压去掺杂(还原)反应去除,使得到的聚合物更加纯净;
(3)电聚合得到的共轭聚合物可以直接沉积在导电基底上,而不需要对聚合物做进一步成膜加工,降低了共轭聚合物薄膜在应用于有机光电子学器件时的加工费用和难度。
聚二氧基噻吩由于其具有低驱动电压、快速响应、高透过率差的优点而受到电致变色材料开发研究的广泛青睐。通过聚合物主链或者侧基的化学改性来提升聚合物电致变色性能是最为经常使用的手段。二氧基噻吩及其衍生物的电聚合成为有机光电子学材料领域的研究者获得新颖的电致变色材料最常采用的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明目的在于一种新型的品红色-透明聚噻吩类电致变色材料:聚二溴丙氧基噻吩,通过双溴丙氧基取代所引入的静电排斥作用使聚合物链共轭程度减小,吸收蓝移,其颜色可以在品红色和透明之间可逆变化,具有驱动电压低、氧化态透明、光学对比度高等特点。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
其中n表示聚合度,为自然数。
所述的聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将3,4-二甲氧基噻吩、3-溴-1-丙醇、对甲基苯磺酸和甲苯加入上方连接内含分子筛的索氏提取器的烧瓶中,将混合物加热回流过夜,然后冷却至室温,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥后旋转蒸发除去溶剂,粗产物经柱层析得到白色固体,得二溴丙氧基噻吩;反应路线如下:
步骤2、将二溴丙氧基噻吩、LiClO4溶解于乙腈,置于三电极电解池中,采用循环伏安法进行电化学聚合,得到聚二溴丙氧基噻吩。反应路线如下:
所述步骤1中3,4-二甲氧基噻吩、3-溴-1-丙醇、对甲基苯磺酸、甲苯的用量比为(1-3)mmol:(1-10)mmol:(0.1-0.5)mmol:(5-50)mL。
所述步骤2中二溴丙氧基噻吩、LiClO4用量比为(0.005-0.1)mol/L:(0.05-0.5)mol/L。
所述步骤2中电化学聚合具体是以ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,使用CHI600E电化学分析仪通过在氮气保护下0-1.6V连续循环伏安扫描20-35次。
本发明还保护所述的聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料在制造电致变色器件中的应用。
本发明还保护含有所述的聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料的组件。
所述的组件为电致变色薄膜。
所述的电致变色薄膜的成膜方法为将聚二溴丙氧基噻吩电聚合薄膜直接电镀在ITO玻璃表面。
本发明为一种新型品红色-透明电致变色聚合物材料,通过双溴丙氧基取代所引入的静电排斥作用使聚合物链共轭程度减小,吸收蓝移,其颜色可以在品红色和透明之间可逆变化,同时可以通过电化学聚合在ITO玻璃表面成膜,其特点为驱动电压低、氧化态透明、光学对比度高,适合应用于智能窗、电致变色显示器等电致变色器件。
附图说明
图1为二溴丙氧基噻吩(BBrPOT)的核磁氢谱。
图2为电聚合实验连续循环伏安曲线。
图3为聚合物-聚二溴丙氧基噻吩(PBBrPOT)薄膜循环伏安曲线。
图4为聚合物薄膜在不同外加电压下的光谱电化学谱图。
图5为聚合物薄膜氧化过程中色坐标变化。
图6为聚合物薄膜电压阶跃计时吸光度图。
图7为聚合物薄膜电压阶跃计时电量/计时吸光度图。
图8为聚合物薄膜长期循环伏安稳定性实验曲线,包括第2圈和第200圈循环伏安曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料的制备方法为:
步骤1、将3,4-二甲氧基噻吩、3-溴-1-丙醇、对甲基苯磺酸和甲苯(用量比为1mmol:3mmol:0.1mmol:30mL)加入上方连接索氏提取器(内含分子筛)的烧瓶中。将混合物加热回流过夜,然后冷却至室温,水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,粗产物经柱层析得到白色固体,得二溴丙氧基噻吩(BBrPOT),产率30%;制得的二溴丙氧基噻吩(BBrPOT)的核磁氢谱图见图1,图中纵坐标代表峰强度,横坐标代表化学位移δ。δ=6.25(s,2H)峰对应噻吩环2-、5-位氢原子,δ=4.12(m,2H)、δ=3.59(m,2H)、δ=2.34(m,2H)峰对应溴丙氧基氢原子,说明单体化学结构的正确性。
步骤2、将BBrPOT、LiClO4(用量比为0.01mol/L:0.1mol/L)溶解于乙腈,置于三电极电解池,以ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,使用CHI600E电化学分析仪通过在氮气保护下0-1.6V连续循环伏安扫描25次,使电聚合薄膜直接电镀于ITO玻璃表面,得到聚二溴丙氧基噻吩PBBrPOT薄膜;电聚合实验条件:采用氮气保护三电极电解池,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,电压扫描范围0-1.6V,扫描25次循环。单体起始氧化电位为1.3V。
电聚合实验连续循环伏安曲线见图2,说明电聚合得到的聚合物薄膜不断沉积于ITO工作电极表面使氧化电流和还原电流随扫描段数增加而增加。
将制备的聚合物-聚二溴丙氧基噻吩(PBBrPOT)薄膜循环伏安扫描,支持电解液配置:0.1mol/L高氯酸锂(LiClO4)溶于10mL碳酸丙烯酯(PC)。循环伏安实验条件:采用三电极电解池,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,镀有聚合物薄膜(2cm×0.7cm)ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,扫描电压范围-0.1V-0.9V,扫描速率分别为50mV/s,100mV/s,150mV/s,200mV/s。扫描曲线见图3。图中纵坐标代表电流密度,横坐标代表电压。说明扫描速率为50mV/s时聚合物氧化峰电位为0.7V,还原峰电位为0.5V,在扫描电压范围-0.1V-0.9V内聚合物可完成氧化还原过程。
实施例2
实施例1制备的聚合物薄膜在不同外加电压下的光谱电化学性能测试。
实验条件:采用三电极电解池,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,镀有聚合物薄膜(2cm×0.7cm)ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,支持电解液配置:0.1mol/L高氯酸锂(LiClO4)溶于10mL碳酸丙烯酯(PC);该聚合物在不同外加电压下的光谱电化学谱图见图4,说明中性态聚合物薄膜(-0.1V)为品红色,最大吸收波长为555nm,聚合物完全氧化态(0.9V)为透明态,在可见光区基本无吸收。
聚合物薄膜氧化过程中色坐标变化测试,测试结果见图5,说明聚合物中性态色坐标为a*=10.81,b*=-21.03,为品红色态;聚合物完全氧化态色坐标为a*=4.48,b*=-10.73,为透明态,表面该聚合物为品红色-透明电致变色材料。
实施例3
实施例1制备的聚合物薄膜电压阶跃计时吸光度测试。阶跃电压为-0.1V和0.9V,电压驻留时间分别为30s,20s,15s,10s。支持电解液配置:0.1mol/L高氯酸锂(LiClO4)溶于10mL碳酸丙烯酯(PC)。采用三电极电解池,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,镀有聚合物薄膜(2cm×0.7cm)ITO导电玻璃为工作电极。测试结果见图6,说明聚合物的氧化还原过程可逆,在555nm处的透过率差ΔTmax=30%,其氧化过程达到95%透过率差响应时间t95=11.5s。
实施例4
实施例1制备的聚合物薄膜电压阶跃计时电量/计时吸光度测试。阶跃电压为-0.1V和0.9V,电压驻留时间分别为30s。支持电解液配置:0.1mol/L高氯酸锂(LiClO4)溶于10mL碳酸丙烯酯(PC)。采用三电极电解池,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,镀有聚合物薄膜(2cm×0.7cm)ITO导电玻璃为工作电极。测试结果见图7,说明聚合物薄膜氧化过程在555nm处达到95%透过率差时的着色效率为60cm2/C(计算公式为CE=ΔOD/(Q/A)=lg(Tb/Tc)/(Q/A))。
实施例5
实施例1制备的聚合物薄膜长期循环伏安稳定性测试。循环伏安实验条件:采用三电极电解池,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,镀有聚合物薄膜(2cm×0.7cm)ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,扫描电压范围-0.1V-0.9V,扫描速率均为100mV/s,支持电解液配置:0.1mol/L高氯酸锂(LiClO4)溶于10mL碳酸丙烯酯(PC)。测试结果见图8,经过200次氧化还原循环,电流密度没有显著衰减,聚合物具有良好的长期氧化还原循环稳定性。
由以上实施例可以看出,本发明制备的聚合物薄膜其颜色可以在蓝色和透明之间可逆变化,具有驱动电压低,着色效率高、氧化态透明、光学对比度高等特点,可用于制备电致变色器件,在智能窗、电致变色显示器等领域应用。

Claims (9)

1.聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
其中n表示聚合度,为自然数。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将3,4-二甲氧基噻吩、3-溴-1-丙醇、对甲基苯磺酸和甲苯加入上方连接内含分子筛索氏提取器的烧瓶中,将混合物加热回流过夜,然后冷却至室温,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥后旋转蒸发除去溶剂,粗产物经柱层析得到白色固体,得二溴丙氧基噻吩;
步骤2、将二溴丙氧基噻吩、LiClO4溶解于乙腈,置于三电极电解池中,采用循环伏安法进行电化学聚合,得到聚二溴丙氧基噻吩。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中3,4-二甲氧基噻吩、3-溴-1-丙醇、对甲基苯磺酸、甲苯的用量比为(1-3)mmol:(1-10)mmol:(0.1-0.5)mmol:(5-50)mL。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中二溴丙氧基噻吩、LiClO4用量比为(0.005-0.1)mol/L:(0.05-0.5)mol/L。
5.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中电化学聚合是以ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,Pt丝为对电极,Ag丝为参比电极,使用CHI600E电化学分析仪通过在氮气保护下0-1.6V连续循环伏安扫描20-35次。
6.权利要求1所述的聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料在制造电致变色器件中的应用。
7.含有如权利要求1所述的聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色-透明电致变色材料的组件。
8.如权利要求7所述的组件,其特征在于,所述的组件为电致变色薄膜。
9.如权利要求8所述的组件,其特征在于,所述的电致变色薄膜的成膜方法为将聚二溴丙氧基噻吩电聚合薄膜直接电镀在ITO玻璃表面。
CN201710907332.1A 2017-09-29 2017-09-29 聚二溴丙氧基噻吩品红色‑透明电致变色材料及制备方法、组件与应用 Pending CN107778458A (zh)

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CN103666445A (zh) * 2013-12-17 2014-03-26 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种蓝色电致变色材料及其制备方法与组件
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