CN107767626A - A kind of rainfall trigger-type debris flow monitoring pre-warning system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of rainfall trigger-type debris flow monitoring pre-warning system, including embedded microprocessor, for data processing；Video camera, for gathering vision signal, embedded microprocessor is connected to by transform coding chip and video capture processor；Rain sensor, for gathering rainfall product data, embedded microprocessor is connected to by switching value module；Ground sound infrasound sensor, for locality sound acoustic signals；Mud level sensor, for gathering mud layer altitude signal；Ground sound infrasound sensor and mud level sensor are connected to embedded microprocessor by A/D convertor circuit；Embedded microprocessor is connected by 4G wireless network cards and remote transport interface with remote monitoring center communication respectively；Software debugging interface is provided with embedded microprocessor, embedded microprocessor is connected to external crystal-controlled oscillation and memory module.The present invention can improve the deficiencies in the prior art, improve the early warning precision of mud-rock flow.

Description

A rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of geological monitoring, in particular to a rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system and method.

Background technique

In the mid-1970s, the former Soviet Union proposed the concepts of time prediction, space prediction, scale and eigenvalue prediction of debris flow; in the late 1970s, the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences of the former Soviet Union successfully developed the world's first debris flow through Chemorgan artificial experiments. Siren, Japan used the actual observation of rainfall and model experiments to discuss the early warning method of debris flow under different conditions. In the 1990s, the United States set up five sets of alarm instruments to monitor the debris flow of Pinatubo Volcano in the Philippines. Casualties contributed. From 1986 to 1995, the US National Weather Service (NWS) and the US Geological Survey (USGS) cooperated in the trial operation of the early warning system for debris flow disasters in the San Francisco Bay area. The system combines rainfall forecast and observation results with empirical thresholds of rainfall to analyze the triggering time of rainfall-type debris flows. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of the Interior issued the "NOAA2USGS Debris Flow Early Warning System" report in the form of Circular No. 1283, which is a debris flow task force jointly established by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey. Completed on the basis of the most advanced precipitation forecasting system and debris flow disaster assessment, the major scientific and financial issues involved in the establishment of a debris flow monitoring and early warning system demonstration project were proposed, and a debris flow monitoring and early warning system was established in southern California and key research areas This is the most comprehensive and advanced debris flow early monitoring and early warning system in the world.

Since the 1960s, my country has paid attention to the prediction of debris flow, conducted systematic research on the basic conditions for the formation of debris flow, proposed the forecast time scale and the basis for judging the occurrence of debris flow, carried out monitoring and observation of debris flow, and established the identification of debris flow occurrence model. In the 1980s, my country carried out debris flow forecasting observations in Jiangjiagou, Dongchuan City. In the 1990s, the Southwest Branch of the Academy of Railway Sciences carried out the "Short-term Forecasting of Rainstorm and Debris Flow on Mountain Railways" in the northern section of the Chengdu-Kunming Railway; at the same time, the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment of the Ministry of Water Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out "Short-term Forecasting of Rainstorm and Debris Flow on Mountain Railways" in the Panxi area of Sichuan Province. In 1994, Sichuan Science and Technology Press published the monograph "Regional Prediction and Forecast of Rainstorm Debris Flow and Landslide", and later developed "Rainstorm Debris Flow Forecasting Program and Regional Disaster Reduction Decision Support Systematic Research”; the Yunnan Institute of Geography carried out the “Study on Mid- and Long-term Prediction and Forecasting Models of Debris Flow Disasters in Key Regions of Yunnan”;

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rainfall-triggered mud-rock flow monitoring and early warning system and method, which can solve the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a good decision-making basis for decision makers in areas where mud-rock flow is prone to occur, and provide The people in distress in the mudslide ditch provide a limited time to escape to protect the safety of people's lives and property.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows.

A rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system, comprising:

Embedded microprocessor for data processing;

The video camera is used to collect video signals, and is connected to the embedded microprocessor through the conversion coding chip and the video collection chip;

The rain sensor is used to collect rainfall data and is connected to the embedded microprocessor through the switch module;

A geoacoustic infrasound sensor, used for collecting geoacoustic sound wave signals;

The mud level sensor is used to collect the mud layer height signal;

The ground acoustic infrasound sensor and the mud level sensor are connected to the embedded microprocessor through the AD conversion circuit;

The embedded microprocessor communicates with the remote monitoring center through the 4G wireless network card and the remote transmission interface;

The embedded microprocessor is provided with a software debugging interface, and the embedded microprocessor is respectively connected with an external crystal oscillator and a memory module.

A monitoring and early warning method for the above-mentioned rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system, comprising the following steps: the system adopts a low power consumption timing working mode, and regularly measures rainfall data, mud level data, and ground sound and infrasound data, and initially sets each Data is collected once an hour, and in sleep mode at other times, it is driven by the internal low-frequency clock and the external interrupt is turned on; after the power supply is turned on, wait for the early warning command, the system automatically judges the amount of rainfall to start the corresponding data sensor, and according to The size of the rainfall can change the collection time of the sensor at any time, and at the same time change the timing collection time of other sensors, and encrypt the collection data at the same time; collect the mud level and infrasound data through the AD conversion circuit, and stop the signal to collect digital type data. After the data is converted into standard format data, the data is transmitted to the remote transmission interface through RS232, and after replying with the "send successfully" sign, the relay is turned off, and it re-enters the sleep mode by itself, waiting for the next time; if there is an error in the data transmission and there are multiple If the transmission is still invalid, the data will be temporarily stored, enter the dormant mode, and will be sent together with the new collected data at the next scheduled time.

Preferably, before the data collection, the system completes the initialization of software and hardware, registers with the mobile network, and connects with the data center, and then starts the data collection.

Preferably, when the sensor data collection is started, the embedded microprocessor can transmit a wireless alarm signal to the remote monitoring center according to the threshold set by the corresponding sensor.

Preferably, the on-site data is transmitted through a 4G wireless network card.

Preferably, when the on-site data is transmitted, the on-site data is divided and packaged to form corresponding data packets, and each data packet includes an address area, a check area, a first data area, a second data area and a buffer.

As a preference, the first data area and the second data area store the same data content, and store in different encoding forms. When the relay device receives the data packet, it respectively The data is read, and the different fields appearing in the two data areas are recorded in the buffer, and then the data in the first data area and the second data area are combined, and then transmitted to the remote monitoring center.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned technical solution is that the present invention can give full play to the role of automatic monitoring instruments through the automatic monitoring and early warning device of debris flow. The data is also stored, and the debris flow outbreak can be recorded and imaged to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the debris flow, which reduces the allocation of technical personnel and resources to the greatest extent. The device provides a good decision-making basis for decision makers in areas where debris flow is prone to occur, and provides limited time for people in distress in debris flow ditch to escape to the maximum extent, and protects the safety of people's lives and property.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a hardware structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a principle diagram of monitoring and early warning in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

1-2, a specific embodiment of the present invention includes,

Embedded microprocessor 1 for data processing;

Camera 2 is used to collect video signals, and is connected to embedded microprocessor 1 through conversion encoding chip 3 and video capture chip 4;

The rain sensor 5 is used to collect rainfall data and is connected to the embedded microprocessor 1 through the switch module 6;

Geoacoustic infrasound sensor 7, for collecting geoacoustic sound wave signal;

A mud level sensor 8 is used to collect mud layer height signals;

Ground sound infrasound sensor 7 and mud level sensor 8 are connected to embedded microprocessor 1 by AD conversion circuit 9;

Embedded microprocessor 1 communicates with remote monitoring center 12 through 4G wireless network card 10 and remote transmission interface 11 respectively;

The embedded microprocessor 1 is provided with a software debugging interface 13, and the embedded microprocessor 1 is respectively connected with an external crystal oscillator 14 and a memory module 15.

A monitoring and early warning method for the above-mentioned rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system, comprising the following steps: the system adopts a low power consumption timing working mode, and regularly measures rainfall data, mud level data, and ground sound and infrasound data, and initially sets each Data is collected once an hour, and in sleep mode at other times, it is driven by the internal low-frequency clock and the external interrupt is turned on; after the power supply is turned on, wait for the early warning command, the system automatically judges the amount of rainfall to start the corresponding data sensor, and according to The size of the rainfall can change the collection time of the sensor at any time, and at the same time change the timing collection time of other sensors, and encrypt the collection data at the same time; collect the mud level and infrasound data through the AD conversion circuit, and stop the signal to collect digital type data. and converted into standard format data, transmit the data to the remote transmission interface 11 via RS232, and after replying the "send successfully" sign, turn off the relay, re-enter the sleep mode by itself, and wait for the next time; if the data transmission has errors and there are multiple If the retransmission is still invalid, the data will be temporarily stored, enter the sleep mode, and will be sent together with the new collected data at the next timing.

Before collecting data, the system completes the initialization of software and hardware, registers with the mobile network, and connects with the data center before starting data collection.

When the sensor data acquisition is started, the embedded microprocessor can transmit a wireless alarm signal to the remote monitoring center according to the threshold value set by the corresponding sensor.

Field data is transmitted through 4G wireless network card.

When performing on-site data transmission, the on-site data is divided and packaged to form corresponding data packets, and each data packet includes an address area, a check area, a first data area, a second data area and a buffer.

The first data area and the second data area store the same data content, and store them in different encoding forms. When the relay device receives the data packet, it reads the data in the first data area and the second data area respectively, The different fields appearing in the two data areas are recorded in the buffer, and then the data in the first data area and the second data area are combined, and then transmitted to the remote monitoring center.

In the monitoring process of precipitation, mud level and ground sound, when the rate of change of any two detection targets exceeds the set threshold, the detection start threshold of the other detection target is lowered, and the amount of reduction is the same as that of the other two detection targets. proportional to the average rate of change.

When collecting data, adopt the method of scatter point collection, then fit the collected data, then compare the fitting curves of the three types of data, eliminate the curve segments whose similarity is lower than the set threshold, and use the other two A weighted combination of the corresponding positions of the fitted curves is used instead.

The embedded ARM Cortex-A8 microprocessor is the first application processor based on the ARMv7 architecture and is the highest performance and most power efficient processor ever developed by ARM. The speed of the Cortex-A8 processor can be adjusted from 600MHz to more than 1GHz, which can meet the requirements of those mobile devices that need to work under 300mW with power optimization; and those that need 2000Dhrystone MIPS performance-optimized consumer applications Require. The debris flow monitoring device can give full play to the high-speed operation performance of Coretex-A8. On the one hand, it can collect video data at high speed, and on the other hand, it can realize high-precision collection of on-site geological disaster monitoring data.

The video acquisition system mainly completes the acquisition of the video monitoring data of the debris flow ditch, and mainly includes two parts: the video encoding unit and the video acquisition chip. The analog video encoding unit mainly performs analog-to-digital conversion and encoding on the PAL system or NTSC format signal output by the camera. This unit is mainly completed by the SAA7111 chip of NXP Company. The main function of SAA7111 is to decode the input analog video signal into a standard VPO digital signal, which is actually equivalent to the AD analog-to-digital converter we often say. SAA7111 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the analog video CVBS signal output by the camera through its own internal registers. The converted signal is in the standard YUV: 2: 2 format and provides the clock and synchronization signal for image acquisition. The programming of SAA7111 is I2C programming method, which includes analog processing channel, anti-aliasing filter, AD conversion and clock synchronization circuit inside, and can support video signal output of multiple formats. The video acquisition chip chooses DM642 of TMS320C64x DSP chip series. TMS320DM642 (DM642) is based on the second-generation high-performance VLIW structure (VelociTI1.2) developed by TI, which makes these DSP chips an excellent choice for digital multimedia. s Choice. DM642 has 3 configurable video ports (VP0, VP1, VP2). These video ports provide a direct interface to common video codec equipment. The DM642 video port supports multiple resolutions and video standards. The three video ports are configurable and can provide video capture and/or video display modes. Each video port consists of two channels—A and B—with a detachable 5120-byte capture/display buffer. The camera is connected to the video acquisition chip, and the video acquisition chip is connected to the embedded microprocessor through the bus interface and the video output interface, and the high-performance processing of the embedded microprocessor Cortex-A8 is fully utilized to complete the acquisition of video data. The embedded microprocessor transmits video data to the monitoring center through USB interface, PCMCIA interface and 3G wireless network card.

Under the call management of the embedded processor, the on-site data acquisition system realizes the acquisition of on-site data through the analog-to-digital conversion module and digital interface, and sends it through the remote transmission module. Sensors are installed on the surface of monitoring points or buried underground according to different types to obtain dynamic data of monitoring points. The field data acquisition system is composed of embedded microprocessor, AD conversion module, switch module, coding module and power supply system. The on-site data acquisition system uses analog-to-digital converters to collect analog data such as mud level and ground sound infrasound, and uses interrupt signals to collect digital data such as rainfall. The collected data is fused according to the set communication format under the control of the embedded processor, connected with the remote transmission module through the remote transmission interface, and sent to the remote data monitoring center. Software debugging is used to debug the embedded microprocessor program setting, which is convenient to modify the program to achieve the purpose of optimizing the program; the external crystal oscillator is to provide real-time and reliable digital clock for the embedded microprocessor, so that the high-precision timing of the embedded microprocessor can be realized The clock; the storage module is used to store the on-site data of the debris flow ditch, so that the on-site monitoring data can be sent to the remote monitoring center through the remote transmission module or stored in the local built-in memory card to ensure that the data will not be lost.

The outbreak of debris flow is closely related to rainfall. Therefore, the initiator of the automatic monitoring and early warning device for debris flow is located at the three rain gauges in the debris flow ditch. It is necessary to remind the other two rain gauges in the middle of the debris flow to start working. These monitoring and early warning devices can communicate directly. The initiator of the monitoring and early warning devices is the rain gauge in any of the monitoring and early warning devices. Here, the monitoring and early warning devices are emphasized. The automatic process is to start through the rain gauge, and the whole monitoring and early warning device is started by the rain gauge monitoring, so that the automatic monitoring is realized, and any one of the devices can prompt other monitoring and early warning devices to work) Real-time monitoring of the entire debris flow ditch The rainfall situation, and by investigating the historical rainfall in this area, the threat of rainfall can be divided into four different levels (I, II, III, VI), when the rain gauge 1 detects that the rainfall reaches level I It can automatically prompt to turn on the camera of video monitoring 1, and you can see the changes in the upstream of the debris flow ditch in the remote monitoring center; when the rain gauge 2 detects that the rainfall reaches level I, it will automatically prompt to turn on the data collection of mud level 1 and geosound infrasound 1 Channel and video monitoring 2; rain gauge 3 automatically prompts to open mud level 2, geosound and infrasound 2 data acquisition channels and video monitoring 3 when rain gauge 3 detects that the rainfall reaches level I; rain gauge 1, between rain gauge 2 and rain gauge 3 The data collection time can automatically adjust the collection time interval with the increase of rainfall, so that the rainfall situation of the debris flow ditch can be understood more directly and quickly. Moreover, the collection time interval of geoacoustic infrasound and mud level monitoring should be adjusted with the The collection time interval of the rain gauge is accelerated, so that we can more directly monitor the change of the mud level in the mud-rock flow ditch. At the same time, the 4 cameras arranged in the mud-rock flow ditch can observe the specific changes of important nodes in the mud-rock flow ditch in real time This is more conducive to automatically judging the specific outbreak of debris flow ditch.

The last line of warning and defense of the automatic debris flow monitoring and early warning device is the wireless alarm system for geological disasters. The wireless alarm system is combined with rainfall, mud level, and infrasound data, and it is also divided into different threat levels. Because these three types of monitoring equipment The data can be sent to the remote monitoring center through data fusion analysis. Therefore, with the addition of a wireless alarm module, the wireless alarm module can fuse and analyze the changes of the three kinds of data in real time, and send out wireless early warning signals in real time according to different changes in the data, which can remind the remote monitoring center at any time Whether the observers carry out the corresponding personnel evacuation and implementation of security measures.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or It should not be construed as limiting the invention by implying that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. A rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system is characterized in that: comprising, Embedded microprocessor (1), used for data processing; The video camera (2) is used to collect video signals, and is connected to the embedded microprocessor (1) through the conversion coding chip (3) and the video collection chip (4); The rain sensor (5) is used to collect rainfall data, and is connected to the embedded microprocessor (1) through the switch module (6); A geoacoustic infrasound sensor (7), used for collecting geoacoustic sound wave signals; A mud level sensor (8), used for collecting mud layer height signals; The ground acoustic infrasound sensor (7) and the mud level sensor (8) are connected to the embedded microprocessor (1) through the AD conversion circuit (9); The embedded microprocessor (1) communicates with the remote monitoring center (12) through a 4G wireless network card (10) and a remote transmission interface (11) respectively; The embedded microprocessor (1) is provided with a software debugging interface (13), and the embedded microprocessor (1) is respectively connected with an external crystal oscillator (14) and a memory module (15). 2. A monitoring and early warning method for the rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the system adopts a low power consumption timing mode of operation to regularly monitor rainfall data, mud level data, ground sound The infrasound data is measured, and the initial setting is to collect data every 1 hour. In the sleep mode at other times, it is driven by the internal low-frequency clock and the external interrupt is turned on; after the power supply is turned on, wait for the early warning command, and the system automatically judges the size of the rainfall To start the corresponding data sensor, and change the collection time of the sensor at any time according to the amount of rainfall, and at the same time change the timing collection time of other sensors, and encrypt the collection data at the same time; collect the mud water level and geoacoustic infrasound data through the AD conversion circuit , the interrupt signal collects digital type data, after collecting and converting into standard format data, the data is transmitted to the remote transmission interface (11) through RS232, and after replying the "send successfully" sign, the relay is turned off, and itself re-enters sleep mode, waiting for Next time; if there is an error in the data transmission and multiple retransmissions are still invalid, the data will be temporarily stored, enter the sleep mode, and will be sent together with the new collected data at the next timing. 3. The monitoring and early warning method of the rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: before collecting data, the system completes the initialization of software and hardware, and registers the mobile network, and connects with the data center, and then Start data collection. 4. The monitoring and early warning method of the rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: after the sensor data acquisition is started, the embedded microprocessor (1) can emit a wireless alarm according to the threshold set by the corresponding sensor Signal to the remote monitoring center. 5. The monitoring and early warning method of the rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: on-site data is transmitted through a 4G wireless network card (10). 6. The monitoring and early warning method of the rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system according to claim 5, characterized in that: when performing on-site data transmission, the on-site data is divided and packaged to form corresponding data packets, each data packet includes address area, check area, first data area, second data area and buffer. 7. The monitoring and early warning method of the rainfall-triggered debris flow monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first data area and the second data area store the same data content, and store in different encoding forms, wherein After the device receives the data packet, it reads the data in the first data area and the second data area respectively, records the different fields appearing in the two data areas in the buffer, and then records the first data area and the second data area The data in the data area is merged and then transmitted to the remote monitoring center (12).