CN107759639B - Led用可蓝光激发橙红阳离子型铱(ⅲ)配合物的制备 - Google Patents
Led用可蓝光激发橙红阳离子型铱(ⅲ)配合物的制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型的可蓝光激发用于制备暖白光发光二极管(LED)的橙红发光材料——阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物,该材料能与Y3Al5O12:Ce3+(YAG:Ce)黄色荧光粉混合掺杂封装,使用GaN蓝光芯片(λem,max=455 nm)激发得到暖白光,具体内容涉及阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成和器件的制备,最终制得发光效率及色温度优良的暖白光发光二极管。以GaN蓝光芯片作为激发光源,随该橙红发光材含量的增加,LED由冷白光逐渐转变为暖白光。与只使用YAG:Ce为发光材料制备的LED器件相比,本发明使用YAG:Ce与该橙红发光材料混合掺杂所制备的LED器件色温能有显著的下降。该橙红发光材料的化学和热稳定性良好,发光效率高,易于合成与提纯,价格低廉,应用于LED时操作简便,具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型的可蓝光激发用于制备暖白光发光二极管(LED)的阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物橙红发光材料,该材料可由GaN蓝光芯片(λem ,max= 455 nm)激发,具体涉及阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成与器件的制备。
背景技术
目前,市场上的商业白光LED主要是通过GaN蓝光芯片激发黄光材料Y3Al5O12:Ce3+(YAG:Ce)得到,由于YAG:Ce发射范围处于黄绿光区,所得到的白光LED由于缺少红光成分,导致显色指数较低,且色温偏高,属于冷白光。
目前,针对这一问题进行改进的方法有两种:(1) 对YAG:Ce进行改性,主要是将一些利于红光发射的金属离子(如:Mn2+,Cu+,Eu3+等)掺杂到YAG:Ce中,以增加红光发射;(2)在基于YAG:Ce黄光材料制备的白光LED中掺入红光材料,以增加红光成分。
阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物作为一种性能优良的磷光材料,具有发光效率高,亮度高,稳定性高,发光颜色丰富且容易通过配体变化进行调节等优点,已被广泛应用于各种光学领域,如有机/无机发光二极管、发光电化学池、荧光探针和生物成像等。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在合成一种可由GaN蓝光芯片(λem,max= 455 nm)激发的橙红发光材料。该发光材料具有较高的发光效率,在LEDs 中用作下转换发光材料,可由现有的455nm蓝光GaN芯片激发,与市场上普遍存在的无机发光材料和部分有机发光材料相比,化学和热稳定性良好,易于合成与提纯,价格低廉,且应用于LED时操作简便,具有较好的应用前景。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所述阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及器件的制备过程,包括下述步骤。
(1) 2-(9-乙基-9H-咔唑-3-基)-2-甲酰甲醛(化合物1)的制备:
称取SeO2溶于二氧六环和水中,剧烈搅拌下加热回流,直到SeO2完全溶解,取1当量3-乙酰基-N-乙基咔唑加入到溶液中,剧烈搅拌并回流,待反应完成后,将混合物用布氏漏斗抽滤,所得滤液经旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂后得到粗产品,以硅胶柱层析进行分离提纯,得化合物1。
(2) 吡啶-2-基-甲亚胺酰肼(化合物2)的制备:
2-氰基吡啶、乙醇和80 %水合肼混合,常温搅拌反应两小时后,用水稀释,二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,用苯结晶得化合物2。
(3) (9-乙基-3-(吡啶-2-基)-1,2,4-三嗪-5-基)-9H-咔唑(化合物3)制备:
取化合物1和化合物2溶于乙醇中,下回流2 h,待反应完全后,冷却至室温,用旋转蒸发仪将溶液浓缩,乙酸乙酯萃取,并用饱和食盐水和水交替洗涤,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,将干燥后的溶液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到粗产物,粗产品经硅胶柱层析分离,得到纯净化合物3。
(4) 铱(Ⅲ)配位二聚物(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2的合成:
在三水合三氯化铱与2-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶(dfppy),中加入乙二醇单乙醚和水,其中三水合三氯化铱与2-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶物质的量比例为1:2,氩气保护下加热到110℃反应24 h,反应结束后加水,搅拌,过滤,将滤饼真空干燥,得化合物(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2。
(5) 阳离子铱(Ⅲ)配合物的制备:
将化合物3与(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2加入到乙二醇中,化合物3与(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir (dfppy)2物质的量之比为2:1,在氩气保护下升温至150 ℃反应,反应完成后冷却至室温,加入六氟磷酸铵水溶液,有黄色絮状物产生,过滤,水洗,真空干燥,然后通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯,得阳离子铱(Ⅲ)配合物。
具体实施方案:
以下将结合具体实施方案和附图对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
(1) 2-(9-乙基-9H-咔唑-3-基)-2-甲酰甲醛(化合物1)的制备:
取SeO2(4.68 g,42 mmol)于500 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入30 ml二氧六环和3 mL水,剧烈搅拌下加热到100 ℃回流,直到SeO2完全溶解,称取3-乙酰基-N-乙基咔唑(2 g,8.4mmol)加入溶液中,剧烈搅拌并回流,待反应完成后,将混合物用布氏漏斗抽滤,所得滤液经旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到粗产品,以硅胶柱层析进行分离提纯,石油醚为淋洗剂,得到黄色固体粉末,产率86.3 %(1.83 g)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm), δ:9.79 (s, 1H, –CHO), 8.99 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 8.30 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 8.17 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 8.15 (d,1H, Ar–H), 7.53 (t, 1H, Ar–H), 7.45 (t, 1H, Ar–H), 7.33 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 4.38(q, 2H, –CH2–), 1.45 (t, 3H, –CH3)。
(2) 吡啶-2-基-甲亚胺酰肼(化合物2)的制备:
2-氰基吡啶(1.06 g,10 mmol),乙醇(9 mL)和80 %水合肼(24 mL)混合,常温搅拌反应两小时后,用等体积的水稀释,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥16 h,旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,用苯结晶得淡黄色晶体,产率为63 %(0.86 g)。
(3) (9-乙基-3-(吡啶-2-基)-1,2,4-三嗪-5-基)-9H-咔唑(化合物3)合成:
称取化合物1(1.5 g,6.0 mmol)与化合物2(0.86 g,6.3 mmol)溶于50 mL乙醇中,80 ℃下回流2 h,待反应完全后,冷却至室温,用旋转蒸发仪将溶液浓缩,乙酸乙酯萃取,并用饱和食盐水和水各洗涤三次。再用无水硫酸钠干燥16 h,将干燥后的溶液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到粗产物,粗产品经硅胶柱层析分离,乙酸乙酯/石油醚(体积比1:2)为淋洗剂,得到纯净产物,产率76.1 %(1.72 g)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm), δ: 9.81 (s, 1H,–N–CH–), 9.11 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 8.97 (d, 1H, pyridine–H), 8.72 (d, 1H, pyridine–H), 8.43 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 8.25 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 7.96 (t, 1H, pyridine–H), 7.51(m, 4H, Ar–H), 7.33 (t, 1H, Ar–H), 4.43 (q, 2H, –CH2–), 1.49 (t, 3H, –CH3)。
(4) 铱(Ⅲ)配位二聚物(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2的合成:
在三水合三氯化铱(1.76 g,5 mmol)与2-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶(dfppy,2.08 g,11mmol)中,加入乙二醇单乙醚(24 mL)和水(8 mL),氩气保护下加热到110 ℃反应24 h,反应结束后用5倍体积的水,搅拌,过滤,将滤饼在真空干燥箱中80 ℃烘10 h,得黄色粉末备用,产率约为84.8 %(2.57 g),无需表征,即可用于下一步反应。
(5) 阳离子铱(Ⅲ)配合物的制备:
将化合物3(246 mg,0.7 mmol)与铱(Ⅲ)配位二聚物(365 mg,0.3 mmol)加入乙二醇(30 mL)中,在氩气保护下升温至150 ℃反应16 h,溶液渐渐变为酒红色,反应完成后冷却至室温,加入六氟磷酸铵(0.3 mol·L-1,10 mL)水溶液,有黄色絮状物体生成,过滤,水洗,真空80 ℃干燥12 h,然后通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯,以二氯甲烷/乙腈(体积比20:1)为淋洗剂,得红色固体粉末,产率72 %(0.46 g)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm), δ: 10.2(s, 1H, –N–H), 9.51 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 9.26 (d, 1H, –N–CH–), 8.67 (d, 1H, –N–CH–), 8.46 (t, 1H, pyridine–H), 8.31 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 8.23 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 8.0(q, 1H, Ar–H), 7.92 (m, 2H, Ar–H), 7.80 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 7.74 (d, 1H, Ar–H),7.58 (t, 1H, Ar–H), 7.37 (t, 1H, Ar–H), 7.25 (m, 2H, Ar–H), 7.00 (t, 1H, Ar–H), 6.89 (t, 1H, Ar–H), 5.68 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 5.56 (d, 1H, Ar–H), 4.56 (d, 2H,–CH2–), 1.38 (t, 3H, –CH3)。MS(m/Z): 924.2[M–PF6]+。
附图说明
图1为铱(Ⅲ)配合物1H核磁谱图。
图2为铱(Ⅲ)配合物质谱图。
图3为铱(Ⅲ)配合物红色发光材料的在二氯甲烷中浓度为1×10-5 mol·L-1时紫外吸收光谱(吸收峰值波长为460 nm),GaN蓝光芯片(λem, max= 455 nm)的发射光谱与YAG:Ce发射光谱。
图4为铱(Ⅲ)配合物的热重分析图本发明所述橙红发光材料可被455 nm左右的蓝光激发,且有较强的发光强度(发射峰位于550~700 nm,最大发射波长为610 nm),发光效率较高且热稳定性能好。
图5为铱(Ⅲ)配合物分别在1×10-5 mol·L-1二氯甲烷中溶液中,在硅胶中以3wt.%含量掺杂以及铱(Ⅲ)配合物固体粉末形式存在时的激发光谱(最大激发波长分别为453 nm,450 nm,447 nm)和发射光谱(最大发射波长560 nm,593 nm,612 nm)。
图6为本发明的铱(Ⅲ)配合物分别以不同质量百分比浓度(0.5 wt.%,1.0 wt.%,1.5 wt.%,2.0 wt.%,2.5 wt.%,3.0 wt.%)掺杂到硅胶中,用GaN蓝光芯片在20 mA电流下激发所得的LED发射光谱。
图7为本发明的铱(Ⅲ)配合物以不同质量百分比浓度(0.5 wt.%,1.0 wt.%,1.5wt.%,2.0 wt.%,2.5 wt.%)和YAG:Ce(x wt.% = 4.0 wt.%)共同掺杂到硅胶中,用GaN蓝光芯片在20 mA电流下激发所测得的LED发射光谱。
实施例2
单色红光LED的制备:
按照铱(Ⅲ)配合物质量百分比浓度为0.5 wt.%,1.0 wt.%,1.5 wt.%,2.0 wt.%,2.5 wt.%,3.0 wt.%称取硅胶和铱(Ⅲ)配合物,充分混匀以后,均匀地涂到GaN蓝光芯片的凹槽中,平置于烘箱中,150 ℃加热1 h烘干固化 ,在20 mA电流中测试得到如下表1所示的相关数据。
表1: 仅采用铱(Ⅲ)配合物橙红发光材料制备的LED的性能测试数据
如上表及图6所示,当掺杂量达到3.0 wt.%时,铱(Ⅲ)配合物可以将GaN蓝光芯片所发射的蓝光完全吸收,且随着掺杂量的增加,所制的LED器件的显色指数明显提升,且色温明显下降。
实施例3
铱(Ⅲ)配合物橙红发光材料与YAG:Ce黄色发光材料混合掺杂LED的制备:
按照YAG:Ce黄色发光材料质量分数为x wt.% = 4.0 wt.%,铱(Ⅲ)配合物质量分数分别为x wt.% = 0.5 wt.%,1.0 wt.%,1.5 wt.%,2.0 wt.%,2.5 wt.%称取YAG:Ce,铱(Ⅲ)配合物和硅胶充分混匀以后,均匀的涂到GaN蓝光芯片的凹槽中,平置于烘箱中,150℃加热1 h烘干固化,在20 mA电流中测试得到如下表2所示的相关数据。
表2:铱(Ⅲ)配合物橙红发光材料与YAG:Ce黄色发光材料混合掺杂LED的性能测试数据。
如上表及图7所示,当铱(Ⅲ)配合物掺杂量达到0.5 wt.%时,色温为5461 K,接近中性白光;当铱(Ⅲ)配合物掺杂量达到1.0 wt.%时,色温为4874 K,为中性白光。当铱(Ⅲ)配合物掺杂量达到2.0 wt.%时,色温为3665 K,接近暖白光;当铱(Ⅲ)配合物掺杂量达到2.5 wt.%时,色温为3282 K,为暖白光。以上所有LED的效率均超过63 lm·W-1,显色指数均超过73,能满足照明等需要。
Claims (3)
2.权利要求1所述的可蓝光激发的阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物橙红发光材料的合成路线和方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1) 2-(9-乙基-9H-咔唑-3-基)-2-甲酰甲醛(化合物1)的制备:
称取SeO2溶于二氧六环和水中,剧烈搅拌下加热回流,直到SeO2完全溶解,取1当量3-乙酰基-N-乙基咔唑加入到溶液中,剧烈搅拌并回流,待反应完成后,将混合物用布氏漏斗抽滤,所得滤液经旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂后得到粗产品,以硅胶柱层析进行分离提纯,得化合物1;
(2) 吡啶-2-基-甲亚胺酰肼(化合物2)的制备:
2-氰基吡啶、乙醇和80 %水合肼混合,常温搅拌反应两小时后,用水稀释,二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,用苯结晶得化合物2;
(3) (9-乙基-3-(吡啶-2-基)-1 ,2,4-三嗪-5-基)-9H-咔唑(化合物3)制备:
取化合物1和化合物2溶于乙醇中,下回流2 h,待反应完全后,冷却至室温,用旋转蒸发仪将溶液浓缩,乙酸乙酯萃取,并用饱和食盐水和水交替洗涤,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,将干燥后的溶液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到粗产物,粗产品经硅胶柱层析分离,得到纯净化合物3;
(4) 铱(Ⅲ)配位二聚物(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2的制备:
在三水合三氯化铱与2-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶(dfppy),中加入乙二醇单乙醚和水,其中三水合三氯化铱与2-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶物质的量比例为1:2,氩气保护下加热到110 ℃反应24 h,反应结束后加水,搅拌,过滤,将滤饼真空干燥,得化合物(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2;
(5) 阳离子铱(Ⅲ)配合物的制备:
将化合物3与(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2加入到乙二醇中,化合物3与(dfppy)2IrCl2Ir(dfppy)2物质的量之比为2:1,在氩气保护下升温至150 ℃反应,反应完成后冷却至室温,加入六氟磷酸铵水溶液,有黄色絮状物产生,过滤,水洗,真空干燥,然后通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯,得阳离子铱(Ⅲ)配合物;
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