CN107751060A - 泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107751060A CN107751060A CN201711262040.3A CN201711262040A CN107751060A CN 107751060 A CN107751060 A CN 107751060A CN 201711262040 A CN201711262040 A CN 201711262040A CN 107751060 A CN107751060 A CN 107751060A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料,包括以下重量份的原料:21~25份面粉、10~13份豆粕、7~9份玉米粉、5~10份乌贼粉、8~12份蚕蛹粉、4~6份虾壳粉、3~8份肝脏粉、25~28份球等鞭金藻、17~22份角毛藻、15~19份千根草、2~9份艾草、1~6份鬼针草、11~15份磷酸二氢钙、7~13份沸石粉、1~4份蒙脱土、1~4份皂土、3~6份氯化胆碱、5~7份甜菜碱、16~22份过碳酰胺、6~10份甲基纤维素、7~9份复合矿物质。本发明能够提高泥螺的人工养殖成活率、缩短泥螺的养殖时间、提高泥螺的产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及泥螺养殖领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
泥螺属软体动物门、泥螺属,广泛分布于中国南北沿海,是典型的潮间带底栖匍匐动物,多栖息在中底潮带,泥沙或沙泥的滩涂上,在风浪小、潮流缓慢的海湾中尤其密集。泥螺体呈长方形,头盘大而肥厚,外套膜不发达。侧足发达,遮盖贝壳两侧之一部分。贝壳呈卵圆形,幼体的贝壳薄而脆,成体较坚硬、白色,表面似雕刻有螺旋状环纹,内面光滑,有黄褐色外皮,无螺塔和脐,无厣。由于泥螺肉质爽口,含有丰富的蛋白质、钙、磷、铁及多种维生素成分,泥螺肉通过盐腌酒渍加工成泥螺罐头后还能长久保存,因此泥螺在一些大中城市货紧价贵,而现有的泥螺养殖技术并不完善,泥螺产量不能完全满足市场需求。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题,并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种能够提高泥螺人工养殖成活率、缩短泥螺的养殖时间、提高泥螺的产量的泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点,提供了一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法,包括以下重量份的原料:21~25份面粉、10~13份豆粕、7~9份玉米粉、5~10份乌贼粉、8~12份蚕蛹粉、4~6份虾壳粉、3~8份肝脏粉、25~28份球等鞭金藻、17~22份角毛藻、15~19份千根草、2~9份艾草、1~6份鬼针草、11~15份磷酸二氢钙、7~13份沸石粉、1~4份蒙脱土、1~4份皂土、3~6份氯化胆碱、5~7份甜菜碱、16~22份过碳酰胺、6~10份甲基纤维素、7~9份复合矿物质。
优选的是,每份复合矿物质中包含以下重量百分比的原料:13%的甘氨酸铜、25%的亚硒酸钠、17%的碘酸钙、21%的蛋氨酸锰、9%的甘氨酸锌、15%的蛋氨酸钴。
优选的是,千根草、艾草、鬼针草的重量比为4.5:1:1。
优选的是,磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、蒙脱土、皂土、复合矿物质的重量比为1:1:0.25:0.25:0.67。
本发明还提供上述泥螺的人工养殖饲料的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、将上述重量份的球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、千根草、艾草及鬼针草剪碎,得剪碎料,再置于行星球磨机中球磨40~60min,将球磨后制得的浆液置于密闭容器中,调节容器内压力为0.15~0.2MPa,温度为110~120℃进行蒸煮,蒸煮时间为15~20min,再向蒸煮后的浆液中加入纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶混合的水解液,调节加入水解液后浆液的PH值为6.3~6.8,进行红外加热,加热时间为1~2h,加热温度为38~41℃,同时辅以磁力搅拌,得混合液,将混合液置于离心机中离心20~30min,控制离心机转速为5000~5500rad/min,抽滤得离心后的上层清液备用,将抽滤后剩下的不溶物烘干制成粉末料备用,其中,纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的重量为1:10~13;
步骤二,将上述重量份的氯化胆碱、甜菜碱、过碳酰胺、甲基纤维素与步骤一中制得的上层清液混合得浸泡液,再对浸泡液进行减压蒸馏,压力控制在65~75kpa,温度控制在80~90℃,当浸泡液的体积减小至原体积的即停止减压蒸馏,然后将上述重量份的面粉、豆粕、玉米粉、乌贼粉、蚕蛹粉、虾壳粉、肝脏粉与步骤一制得的粉末料倒入减压蒸馏后的浸泡液中搅拌均匀制成浆糊,将上述重量份的磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、蒙脱土、皂土、复合矿物质与112~120重量份的去离子水混合得混合料,将混合料揉制成直径为3~5mm的颗粒状,再将其放入马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度控制在350~400℃,时间控制在25~35min,得煅烧料,将煅烧料的颗粒表面周向均匀涂抹浆糊,得包裹颗粒料,将包裹颗粒料风干后得风干颗粒料;
步骤三、将步骤二中制得的风干颗粒料进行紫外线消毒,得泥螺的人工养殖饲料。
优选的是,步骤二中浸泡液进行减压蒸馏前进行超声波处理,超声波的频率为28~32KHz。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果:
含有较多的蛋白质与微量元素,能够全面满足泥螺生长所需的养分,而且千根草、艾草、鬼针草中含有的活性成分能够刺激泥螺生长,缩短其生长周期,过碳酰胺、甲基纤维素配伍后能提高泥螺人工养殖成活率。而本发明提供的制备方法根据泥螺的生活习性,长期居于沙泥滩涂,制作成具有包衣的小颗粒,一方面容易沉降至沙泥滩涂底部,不容易被潮汐卷走,同时经海水软化分解后方便泥螺摄食,另一方面表面包衣的成分也能诱导泥螺摄食。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
需要说明的是,下述实施方案中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
<实施例1>
一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法,包括以下重量份的原料:21份面粉、10份豆粕、7份玉米粉、5份乌贼粉、8份蚕蛹粉、4份虾壳粉、3份肝脏粉、25份球等鞭金藻、17份角毛藻、15份千根草、2份艾草、1份鬼针草、11份磷酸二氢钙、7份沸石粉、1份蒙脱土、1份皂土、3份氯化胆碱、5份甜菜碱、16份过碳酰胺、6份甲基纤维素、7份复合矿物质。
其中,每份复合矿物质中包含以下重量百分比的原料:13%的甘氨酸铜、25%的亚硒酸钠、17%的碘酸钙、21%的蛋氨酸锰、9%的甘氨酸锌、15%的蛋氨酸钴。
上述泥螺的人工养殖饲料的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、将上述重量份的球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、千根草、艾草及鬼针草剪碎,得剪碎料,再置于行星球磨机中球磨40min,将球磨后制得的浆液置于密闭容器中,调节容器内压力为0.15MPa,温度为110℃进行蒸煮,蒸煮时间为15min,再向蒸煮后的浆液中加入纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶混合的水解液,调节加入水解液后浆液的PH值为6.3,进行红外加热,加热时间为1h,加热温度为38℃,同时辅以磁力搅拌,得混合液,将混合液置于离心机中离心20min,控制离心机转速为5000rad/min,抽滤得离心后的上层清液备用,将抽滤后剩下的不溶物烘干制成粉末料备用,其中,纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的重量为1:10;
步骤二,将上述重量份的氯化胆碱、甜菜碱、过碳酰胺、甲基纤维素与步骤一中制得的上层清液混合得浸泡液,先对浸泡液进行超声波处理,超声波的频率为28KHz,再对浸泡液进行减压蒸馏,压力控制在65kpa,温度控制在80℃,当浸泡液的体积减小至原体积的即停止减压蒸馏,然后将上述重量份的面粉、豆粕、玉米粉、乌贼粉、蚕蛹粉、虾壳粉、肝脏粉与步骤一制得的粉末料倒入减压蒸馏后的浸泡液中搅拌均匀制成浆糊,将上述重量份的磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、蒙脱土、皂土、复合矿物质与112重量份的去离子水混合得混合料,将混合料揉制成直径为3mm的颗粒状,再将其放入马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度控制在350℃,时间控制在25min,得煅烧料,将煅烧料的颗粒表面周向均匀涂抹浆糊,得包裹颗粒料,将包裹颗粒料风干后得风干颗粒料;
步骤三、将步骤二中制得的风干颗粒料进行紫外线消毒,得泥螺的人工养殖饲料。
<实施例2>
一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法,包括以下重量份的原料:25份面粉、13份豆粕、9份玉米粉、10份乌贼粉、12份蚕蛹粉、6份虾壳粉、8份肝脏粉、28份球等鞭金藻、22份角毛藻、19份千根草、9份艾草、6份鬼针草、15份磷酸二氢钙、13份沸石粉、4份蒙脱土、4份皂土、6份氯化胆碱、7份甜菜碱、22份过碳酰胺、10份甲基纤维素、9份复合矿物质。
其中,每份复合矿物质中包含以下重量百分比的原料:13%的甘氨酸铜、25%的亚硒酸钠、17%的碘酸钙、21%的蛋氨酸锰、9%的甘氨酸锌、15%的蛋氨酸钴。
上述泥螺的人工养殖饲料的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、将上述重量份的球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、千根草、艾草及鬼针草剪碎,得剪碎料,再置于行星球磨机中球磨60min,将球磨后制得的浆液置于密闭容器中,调节容器内压力为0.2MPa,温度为120℃进行蒸煮,蒸煮时间为20min,再向蒸煮后的浆液中加入纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶混合的水解液,调节加入水解液后浆液的PH值为6.8,进行红外加热,加热时间为2h,加热温度为41℃,同时辅以磁力搅拌,得混合液,将混合液置于离心机中离心30min,控制离心机转速为5500rad/min,抽滤得离心后的上层清液备用,将抽滤后剩下的不溶物烘干制成粉末料备用,其中,纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的重量为1:13;
步骤二,将上述重量份的氯化胆碱、甜菜碱、过碳酰胺、甲基纤维素与步骤一中制得的上层清液混合得浸泡液,先对浸泡液进行超声波处理,超声波的频率为32KHz,再对浸泡液进行减压蒸馏,压力控制在75kpa,温度控制在90℃,当浸泡液的体积减小至原体积的即停止减压蒸馏,然后将上述重量份的面粉、豆粕、玉米粉、乌贼粉、蚕蛹粉、虾壳粉、肝脏粉与步骤一制得的粉末料倒入减压蒸馏后的浸泡液中搅拌均匀制成浆糊,将上述重量份的磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、蒙脱土、皂土、复合矿物质与120重量份的去离子水混合得混合料,将混合料揉制成直径为5mm的颗粒状,再将其放入马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度控制在400℃,时间控制在35min,得煅烧料,将煅烧料的颗粒表面周向均匀涂抹浆糊,得包裹颗粒料,将包裹颗粒料风干后得风干颗粒料;
步骤三、将步骤二中制得的风干颗粒料进行紫外线消毒,得泥螺的人工养殖饲料。
<实施例3>
一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料及其制备方法,包括以下重量份的原料:23份面粉、12份豆粕、8份玉米粉、8份乌贼粉、10份蚕蛹粉、5份虾壳粉、6份肝脏粉、27份球等鞭金藻、20份角毛藻、18份千根草、4份艾草、4份鬼针草、12份磷酸二氢钙、12份沸石粉、3份蒙脱土、3份皂土、5份氯化胆碱、6份甜菜碱、19份过碳酰胺、8份甲基纤维素、8份复合矿物质。
其中,每份复合矿物质中包含以下重量百分比的原料:13%的甘氨酸铜、25%的亚硒酸钠、17%的碘酸钙、21%的蛋氨酸锰、9%的甘氨酸锌、15%的蛋氨酸钴。
上述泥螺的人工养殖饲料的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、将上述重量份的球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、千根草、艾草及鬼针草剪碎,得剪碎料,再置于行星球磨机中球磨50min,将球磨后制得的浆液置于密闭容器中,调节容器内压力为0.18MPa,温度为115℃进行蒸煮,蒸煮时间为18min,再向蒸煮后的浆液中加入纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶混合的水解液,调节加入水解液后浆液的PH值为6.5,进行红外加热,加热时间为1.5h,加热温度为40℃,同时辅以磁力搅拌,得混合液,将混合液置于离心机中离心25min,控制离心机转速为5300rad/min,抽滤得离心后的上层清液备用,将抽滤后剩下的不溶物烘干制成粉末料备用,其中,纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的重量为1:12;
步骤二,将上述重量份的氯化胆碱、甜菜碱、过碳酰胺、甲基纤维素与步骤一中制得的上层清液混合得浸泡液,先对浸泡液进行超声波处理,超声波的频率为30KHz,再对浸泡液进行减压蒸馏,压力控制在70kpa,温度控制在85℃,当浸泡液的体积减小至原体积的即停止减压蒸馏,然后将上述重量份的面粉、豆粕、玉米粉、乌贼粉、蚕蛹粉、虾壳粉、肝脏粉与步骤一制得的粉末料倒入减压蒸馏后的浸泡液中搅拌均匀制成浆糊,将上述重量份的磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、蒙脱土、皂土、复合矿物质与116重量份的去离子水混合得混合料,将混合料揉制成直径为4mm的颗粒状,再将其放入马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度控制在380℃,时间控制在30min,得煅烧料,将煅烧料的颗粒表面周向均匀涂抹浆糊,得包裹颗粒料,将包裹颗粒料风干后得风干颗粒料;
步骤三、将步骤二中制得的风干颗粒料进行紫外线消毒,得泥螺的人工养殖饲料。
<对比例>
一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料,包括以下重量份的原料:30~35份鱼粉、2~3分酵母、20~30份底栖硅藻、20~30份小球藻、5~15份玉米粉、2~4份矿物质。
上述泥螺的人工养殖饲料进过均匀混合即可。
将上述实施例1、实施例2、实施例3及对比例中的泥螺人工养殖饲料在北海某泥螺养殖基地进行实验,其中泥螺的放养密度为6.2万粒/亩,每隔3天投喂1次,投喂量在26g,连续投喂3个月,然后挖出泥螺,计算平均每亩泥螺的重量、成活率和成熟体比例,结果见表1。
表1、平均每亩泥螺的重量、成活率和成熟体比例对比表
从表1不难看出实施例1~3中平均每亩泥螺的重量、成活率和成熟体比例均高于对比例的,说明本发明提供的泥螺的人工养殖饲料能够提高泥螺人工养殖成活率、缩短泥螺的养殖时间、提高泥螺的产量。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。
Claims (6)
1.一种泥螺的人工养殖饲料,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:21~25份面粉、10~13份豆粕、7~9份玉米粉、5~10份乌贼粉、8~12份蚕蛹粉、4~6份虾壳粉、3~8份肝脏粉、25~28份球等鞭金藻、17~22份角毛藻、15~19份千根草、2~9份艾草、1~6份鬼针草、11~15份磷酸二氢钙、7~13份沸石粉、1~4份蒙脱土、1~4份皂土、3~6份氯化胆碱、5~7份甜菜碱、16~22份过碳酰胺、6~10份甲基纤维素、7~9份复合矿物质。
2.如权利要求1所述的泥螺的人工养殖饲料,其特征在于,每份复合矿物质中包含以下重量百分比的原料:13%的甘氨酸铜、25%的亚硒酸钠、17%的碘酸钙、21%的蛋氨酸锰、9%的甘氨酸锌、15%的蛋氨酸钴。
3.如权利要求1所述的泥螺的人工养殖饲料,其特征在于,千根草、艾草、鬼针草的重量比为4.5:1:1。
4.如权利要求1所述的泥螺的人工养殖饲料,其特征在于,磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、蒙脱土、皂土、复合矿物质的重量比为1:1:0.25:0.25:0.67。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的泥螺的人工养殖饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤一、将上述重量份的球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、千根草、艾草及鬼针草剪碎,得剪碎料,再置于行星球磨机中球磨40~60min,将球磨后制得的浆液置于密闭容器中,调节容器内压力为0.15~0.2MPa,温度为110~120℃进行蒸煮,蒸煮时间为15~20min,再向蒸煮后的浆液中加入纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶混合的水解液,调节加入水解液后浆液的PH值为6.3~6.8,进行红外加热,加热时间为1~2h,加热温度为38~41℃,同时辅以磁力搅拌,得混合液,将混合液置于离心机中离心20~30min,控制离心机转速为5000~5500rad/min,抽滤得离心后的上层清液备用,将抽滤后剩下的不溶物烘干制成粉末料备用,其中,纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的重量为1:10~13;
步骤二,将上述重量份的氯化胆碱、甜菜碱、过碳酰胺、甲基纤维素与步骤一中制得的上层清液混合得浸泡液,再对浸泡液进行减压蒸馏,压力控制在65~75kpa,温度控制在80~90℃,当浸泡液的体积减小至原体积的即停止减压蒸馏,然后将上述重量份的面粉、豆粕、玉米粉、乌贼粉、蚕蛹粉、虾壳粉、肝脏粉与步骤一制得的粉末料倒入减压蒸馏后的浸泡液中搅拌均匀制成浆糊,将上述重量份的磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、蒙脱土、皂土、复合矿物质与112~120重量份的去离子水混合得混合料,将混合料揉制成直径为3~5mm的颗粒状,再将其放入马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度控制在350~400℃,时间控制在25~35min,得煅烧料,将煅烧料的颗粒表面周向均匀涂抹浆糊,得包裹颗粒料,将包裹颗粒料风干后得风干颗粒料;
步骤三、将步骤二中制得的风干颗粒料进行紫外线消毒,得泥螺的人工养殖饲料。
6.如权利要求5所述的泥螺的人工养殖饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中浸泡液进行减压蒸馏前进行超声波处理,超声波的频率为28~32KHz。
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