CN107750782A - A kind of method of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation into fast-growing timber forests - Google Patents
A kind of method of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation into fast-growing timber forests Download PDFInfo
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- CN107750782A CN107750782A CN201610665889.4A CN201610665889A CN107750782A CN 107750782 A CN107750782 A CN 107750782A CN 201610665889 A CN201610665889 A CN 201610665889A CN 107750782 A CN107750782 A CN 107750782A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to natural forest protection technical field, especially a kind of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation into fast-growing timber forests method, including：Seed collection, processing and storage；Cultivating seedlings；Sowing；Seedling management；Quarantine quality inspection；Seedling packing and transport；Afforestation and Timber stands construction.Each pistillate plants is a seed collecting unit；Relative one-to-one individually sowing is carried out, i.e., the seed of each plant tree collection is with being seeded in one piece of relatively independent seedling.Nursery stock is to select+one height of seedling standard deviation of annual seedling mean height and the Spondias axillaris seedling of nursery stock+one ground diameter standard deviation of average ground diameter to select 100% as male Spondias axillaris seeds.The construction that Spondias axillaris seedling carries out fast-growing timber forests is to expand cave ridging with above-mentioned male+one year base manure of Spondias axillaris seedling selected, top dressing in 2 years, 3 years to shovel the cultivation fostered entirely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to natural forest protection technical field, especially a kind of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation is into fast-growing
The method of Timber stands.
Background technology
Spondias axillaris (ChoerosPondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt.et Hill), Anacardiaceae
(anacardiaceae) Spondias axillaris category, five fruits of alias, the sub, wood fickle in love of mountain jujube etc., category fallen leaves megaphanerophyte seeds.The grain of wood
Straight and attractive in appearance, structure is slightly thick, and material is light and soft, and easy processing, intensity is medium, is not warped and fractured after dry, and heartwood is red, and corrosion resistant power is strong, to build
Build, shipbuilding, furniture, floor, glued board, decoration excellent use material.Stem skin fibre-bearing can rope making papermaking, bark branch is rich in tan
Matter.Pulp is sour-sweet edible, can processing beverage.Fruit stone can preparing active carbon.It is that the higher fast-growing gardens of a comprehensive utilization value are green
Change and fruit uses and yielding timber plantationsion, cultivation have a extensive future.
Spondias axillaris is female, male different strain, and dioecious discriminating is needed from seedling stage to its ripe result 8-10 ability at present
Identify.Therefore, people now with engrafting method come obtain Spondias axillaris dioecism nursery stock be respectively applied to Spondias axillaris fruit use,
Gardens, yielding timber plantationsion.But Spondias axillaris grafting shoot survival percent is low, labor intensity is big, cost is high, and its hereditary nature does not have cuttage seeding
It is good with seedling.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that current Spondias axillaris seedling seedling stage can not differentiate Spondias axillaris dioecism nursery stock, the present invention carries
Method for the low male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation of a kind of simple, survival rate height, cost into fast-growing timber forests.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation into
The method of fast-growing timber forests, including：Seed collection, processing and storage；Cultivating seedlings；Sowing；Seedling management；Quarantine quality inspection；Seedling
Wooden packing and transport；Afforestation and Timber stands construction；
First, seed collection, processing and storage：
（One）Seed collection：The healthy and strong wild Spondias axillaris female plant of seed collection selection 20-60 lifes is collected seed, late September to ten
The first tenday period of a month in January pick up receipts in time behind fresh fruit switchs to yellow, fruit maturation falls ground.
（Two）Seed treatment：Fruit is accumulated into retting 3d-4d or water logging 7d, stirred daily 5 times, when pulp softening, is used
Waddy stirs and rubs broken pulp, is then rinsed well with water, pulls fruit stone out, be placed at shady and cool ventilation and dry 7d, dried to kind of a skin
Stored when turning white, quality grading then is carried out to seed, determine cleanliness, life rate, germination percentage, the mass of 1000 kernel index of seed, tool
Body is according to GB7908-1999《Forest Tree Seed Grading》Standard performs.
（Three）Seed storage：Using indoor sand storage method, first with dry sand cushion bottom, last layer fruit stone is then spread, then cover 3cm-
5cm sand, accumulates successively, and one layer of the top lid is the sand of humidity 70%, and sand storage is highly no more than 30cm, and last plastic covering is thin
Film moisturizing, rat preservative is compressed with brick around film；Then inspection is stirred per two weeks once, keeps husky humidity in 40-60%,
Firmly thin river sand is pinched agglomerating, husky group's nature is loose after unclamping hand, can not wettable, and discovery has husky adhesion seed nucleus surface,
It is then husky overly wet, the dry husky regulation of allotment in time.
2nd, cultivating seedlings：
（One）Select to garden：Selection has that irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, draining are good, physical features is gentle, it is leeward on the sunny side, the soil is porous,
Soil thickness more than 50cm slightly sour or neutral sandy loam or light loam with doing garden；In garden surrounding and middle part set draining
Ditch, hillside fields nursery makes hillside fields into horizontal ladder band, and column ditch is excavated above the ground of garden.
（Two）Site preparation, fertilising and make bed：
（1）Site preparation：First site preparation before nursery, including turn over, rake the soil level, be smooth, seamless；More than ploughed depth 25cm, accomplish that deep ploughing is thin
It is whole, grass roots, stone are removed, ground grading is broken.
（2）Fertilising：Per 667m2, nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 15%, the composite fertilizer 25kg of the content of potassium 15% are applied, uniformly dispenses and applies after trench digging
In people's ditch.
（3）Make bed：Making high bed, height of bed 18cm -25cm, the cm of bedside 120, wide 50 cm of pavement between bed, bed surface is smooth,
Center is slightly higher, and with sharp draining, both sides make real.
（4）Soil disinfection：Soil disinfection is carried out when carrying out a base or leveling bed surface, with zineb or phoxim or sulfuric acid
Ferrous or formalin or pentachloronitrobenzene, every square metre of 3g dosage, puddle appropriate fine earth, are spread in soil.
3rd, sow：
（One）Seed testing：Quality inspection should be carried out to seed, before sowing specifically according to GB2772-1999《Tree seed
Inspection procedure》Perform.
（Two）Broadcast preceding seed soaking：Sterilized before sowing with concentration 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate liquid immersion 10min-15min, so
Afterwards with 45 DEG C of water seed soaking 48h, program request again after drying in the shade.
（Three）Sowing time：The middle ten days and the last ten days in March, the soil temperature of soil 5cm depths is stable can be sowed at 10 DEG C or so.
（Four）Application rate：According to 35kg/667m2-40kg/667m2Standard.
（Five）Type of seeding：Sowing ditch depth 5cm, wide 8-10cm, ditch spacing 25cm, plants hole court using trench digging bar broadcasting method
On, spacing 10-12cm is planted, covers one layer of pine needle or straw or cogongrass again after earthing 2cm, and pour permeable.
4th, seedling management：
（One）Tillage and weeding：, should be according to weed growth and soil hardening situation after nursery stock is unearthed, tillage and weeding, keeps soil at any time
Earth is loose, no weeds.
（Two）Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings：Spondias axillaris seed has 3~5 embryos, can typically sprout 2~3 plants, and emergence is unfavorable for seedling life
It is long；When Seedling height growth is to 8~lOcm, by it is small stay it is big, rogue and stay excellent principle to carry out thinning in time, every clump retains 1 plant,
Thinning is carried out in rainy days；With reference to thinning, after-culture of transplanting seedlings is carried out to being short of seedling, pours root water after after-culture in time；Final density controls
In 28~33 plants/m2。
（Three）Watering：After coming up, it should be watered, poured in early morning or at dusk according to weather condition and antecedent soil moisture degree
Water avoids ponding to irrigate as degree.
（Four）Top dressing：The middle ten days and the last ten days in May to mid-August is with urea 2kg/667m2-4kg/667m2Top dressing, after accomplishing that elder generation is dilute
It is dense, it is a small amount of repeatedly typically to chase after disposable fertilizer within every 15 days, stop top dressing and few watering after the first tenday period of a month in September, to promote nursery stock lignifying.
（Five）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
（1）Select with carrying out garden, seed quarantine, seed, soil disinfection.
（2）Main diseases and insect pests：Coming up and grub and cutworm insect pest such as occur after small transplantation of seedlings, with concentration 50%
Metrifonate wettable powder presses 1：Poison bait is made with wheat bran or rice bran in 100 ratio, is trapped and killed in being spread on seedbed at dusk；Use simultaneously
500 times of liquid sprayings should prevent and treat in time.
（Six）Seedling quality, discriminating and classification：
（1）Seedling quality：Nursery stock stem selection robust is straight, abundant lignifying, and color and luster is normal, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage；
（2）Nursery stock differentiates：By GB6000-1999《Major Tree Species Planted seedling quality is classified》.
（3）Seedling sorting：Ith, II grade of seedling is qualified seedling, and the outer seedling of level does not draw garden, specifically according to GB6000-1999《Mainly
Reproducting tree species Seedling Assortment》Regulation performs.
（Seven）Outplanting：
（1）Go out garden process：Including lifting, seedling sorting, heel in, packing box transport etc. process.
（2）Go out garden preparation：Garden seedling should be investigated, be counted the specification, quantity, matter of nursery stock wood before outplanting
Amount, to go out garden according to plan.
（3）Lifting：Lifting should in November the last ten-days period nursery stock fallen leaves after sprouted to mid-March in next year before carry out, and with afforestation
Time is mutually connected, and with rising with cultivation, has avoided after seedling from depositing for a long time, has influenceed the surrival rate of afforestation.Soil is excessively dry before outplanting
Drought, it should pour water, the lifting again after soil dry；To accomplish that holding root system is complete during lifting, lifting depth can not be less than 15cm.
5th, quarantine quality inspection：
Nursery stock to going out garden, should carry out Quarantine on production site in advance；Nursery stock, should be by country about regulations and the State Administration of Forestry before allocation and transportation
《Forest plants Quarantine Techniques code》In pertinent regulations, filed an application to local forestry authorities, by forestry authorities
Send special messenger to carry out nursery stock quarantine and quality inspection is carried out to seedling quality, and provide phytosanilary certificate, quality certificate and label；
Nursery stock detection method and detected rule specifically press GB6000-1999《Major Tree Species Planted seedling quality is classified》Regulation performs.
6th, seedling packing and transport：
（One）Cutting strunk：Cutting strunk processing should be carried out after seedling sorting, cutting strunk is easy to the transport of nursery stock and gone up a hill, can be reduced after definite value
The moisture evaporation and withered generation slightly that strain is planted；Section is horse ear shape, and it is 40-50cm that nursery stock trunk, which retains length,.
（Two）Packaging：Tied by every 50 plants for a bundle, the seedling root part of long-distance transport will fill wet matters or transport
Before seedling, seedling bundle root dip in mud or water-loss reducer, are wrapped up with plastic sheeting, after packaging, should fasten dated nursery stock classification, kind name
Title, seedling age, grade, quantity, production unit, production site, production and business licence numbering, lifting date, the nursery stock certificate of inspection
The label of book number content.
（Three）Transport：Want with light packs during shipment gently to unload, avoid mechanical damage, in addition, digging nursery stock will accomplish to start shipment in time, plant
Plant, to prevent dehydration；Nursery stock " phytosanilary certificate, quality certificate and label " should go together with car.
（Four）Storage：Play that after seedling can not transport in time and the nursery stock afforested immediately is, it is necessary to be heeled in temporarily, its method is
Nursery stock root and butt bottom are embedded in humid soil, the time is no more than 15d.
7th, the construction of fast-growing timber forests：
Above-mentioned Spondias axillaris seedling is carried out to the construction of fast-growing timber forests；
It is characterized in that：
Described Spondias axillaris seed collection is the wild Spondias axillaris tree of stalwartness female with 20-60 lifes, and each pistillate plants is
One seed collecting unit.
It using each pistillate plants is relative one-to-one of a seed collecting unit progress that described Spondias axillaris nursery stock sowing, which is,
Individually sowing, i.e., the seed of each plant tree collection is with being seeded in one piece of relatively independent seedling.
The nursery stock of described Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests is selection annual seedling mean height+one
The Spondias axillaris seedling of height of seedling standard deviation and nursery stock+one ground diameter standard deviation of average ground diameter.
The nursery stock 100% for the Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests selected in this way is male south acid
Jujube tree kind.
The construction that described Spondias axillaris seedling carries out fast-growing timber forests is with above-mentioned male+one year base of Spondias axillaris seedling selected
The cultivation fostered is shoveled in fertilizer, top dressing in 2 years, expansion cave ridging in 3 years entirely.
Place site preparation i.e. more than middle fertility, dig 50cm × 50cm × 40cm caves, nitrogen 15% of often spreading manuer in holes, phosphorus 15%, potassium
0.15 kilogram of the composite fertilizer of 15% content；The Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests of plantation, after afforestation then and second
Apply each 0.1 kilogram of nitrogen N and phosphorus P fertilizer every plant year annual of May；After afforestation then and Second Year five --- respectively expand soil, full July
Shovel is fostered once；In May, the 3rd, shovel was fostered once entirely after afforestation.The afforestation male Spondias axillaris height increment of more than 10 years reaches
12m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach more than 13.5cm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows due to the present invention be the healthy and strong wild Spondias axillaris female that will be given birth to 20-60 each
Individual plant is a seed collecting unit and sowing unit, and female, male Spondias axillaris sapling respectively accounts for 50%；Because the present invention is according to animals and plants male
Often bigger real advantage more beautiful, more individual than female, all reaches+1 standard deviation of average value using 1 year raw height of seedling and ground diameter
System of selection make selection rate in 20-30%, it is all that male Spondias axillaris seedling is used to ensure that the Spondias axillaris sapling 100% selected
Afforested in industrial cut stock raw material forest；Choosing is all made up to the system of selection of+1.2 standard deviations of average value using 1 year raw height of seedling and ground diameter
Rate is selected in 15-19%, it is all that male Spondias axillaris seedling is made for afforestation to ensure that the Spondias axillaris sapling 100% selected
Woods.
Patent of the present invention is further illustrated with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of method of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation into fast-growing timber forests, including：Seed collection, place
Reason and storage；Cultivating seedlings；Sowing；Seedling management；Quarantine quality inspection；Seedling packing and transport；Afforestation and Timber stands construction.
First, seed collection, processing and storage：
（One）Seed collection：The healthy and strong wild Spondias axillaris female plant of seed collection selection 20-60 lifes is collected seed, late September to ten
The first tenday period of a month in January pick up receipts in time behind fresh fruit switchs to yellow, fruit maturation falls ground；
（Two）Seed treatment：Fruit is accumulated into retting 3d-4d or water logging 7d, stirs daily 5 times, when pulp softening, uses waddy
Broken pulp is stirred and rubbed, is then rinsed well with water, pulls fruit stone out, is placed at shady and cool ventilation and dries 7d, dries to kind of a skin and turns white
When store, then to seed carry out quality grading, determine cleanliness, life rate, germination percentage, the mass of 1000 kernel index of seed, specifically press
According to GB7908-1999《Forest Tree Seed Grading》Standard performs；
（Three）Seed storage：Using indoor sand storage method, first with dry sand cushion bottom, last layer fruit stone is then spread, then cover 3cm-5cm's
Sand, accumulate successively, one layer of the top lid is the sand of humidity 70%, and sand storage is highly no more than 30cm, and last plastic covering film is protected
It is wet, compress rat preservative with brick around film；Then inspection is stirred per two weeks once, keeps husky humidity in 40-60%, firmly
Thin river sand is pinched agglomerating, husky group's nature is loose after unclamping hand, can not wettable, and discovery has husky adhesion seed nucleus surface, then husky
It is overly wet, the dry husky regulation of allotment in time；
2nd, cultivating seedlings：
（One）Select to garden：Selection has that irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, draining are good, physical features is gentle, it is leeward on the sunny side, the soil is porous,
Soil thickness more than 50cm slightly sour or neutral sandy loam or light loam with doing garden；In garden surrounding and middle part set draining
Ditch, hillside fields nursery makes hillside fields into horizontal ladder band, and column ditch is excavated above the ground of garden.
（Two）Site preparation, fertilising and make bed：
（1）Site preparation：First site preparation before nursery, including turn over, rake the soil level, be smooth, seamless；More than ploughed depth 25cm, accomplish that deep ploughing is thin
It is whole, grass roots, stone are removed, ground grading is broken.
（2）Fertilising：Per 667m2, nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 15%, the composite fertilizer 25kg of the content of potassium 15% are applied, uniformly dispenses and applies after trench digging
In people's ditch.
（3）Make bed：Making high bed, height of bed 18cm -25cm, the cm of bedside 120, wide 50 cm of pavement between bed, bed surface is smooth,
Center is slightly higher, and with sharp draining, both sides make real.
（4）Soil disinfection：Soil disinfection is carried out when carrying out a base or leveling bed surface, with zineb or phoxim or sulfuric acid
Ferrous or formalin or pentachloronitrobenzene, every square metre of 3g dosage, puddle appropriate fine earth, are spread in soil.
3rd, sow：
（One）Seed testing：Quality inspection should be carried out to seed, before sowing specifically according to GB2772-1999《Tree seed
Inspection procedure》Perform.
（Two）Broadcast preceding seed soaking：Sterilized before sowing with concentration 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate liquid immersion 10min-15min, so
Afterwards with 45 DEG C of water seed soaking 48h, program request again after drying in the shade.
（Three）Sowing time：The middle ten days and the last ten days in March, the soil temperature of soil 5cm depths is stable can be sowed at 10 DEG C or so.
（Four）Application rate：According to 35kg/667m2-40kg/667m2Standard.
（Five）Type of seeding：Sowing ditch depth 5cm, wide 8-10cm, ditch spacing 25cm, plants hole court using trench digging bar broadcasting method
On, spacing 10-12cm is planted, covers one layer of pine needle or straw or cogongrass again after earthing 2cm, and pour permeable.
4th, seedling management：
（One）Tillage and weeding：, should be according to weed growth and soil hardening situation after nursery stock is unearthed, tillage and weeding, keeps soil at any time
Earth is loose, no weeds；
（Two）Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings：Spondias axillaris seed has 3~5 embryos, can typically sprout 2~3 plants, and emergence is unfavorable for growth of seedling；
When Seedling height growth is to 8~lOcm, by it is small stay it is big, rogue and stay excellent principle to carry out thinning in time, every clump retains 1 plant, thinning
Carried out in rainy days；With reference to thinning, after-culture of transplanting seedlings is carried out to being short of seedling, pours root water after after-culture in time；Final density is controlled 28
~33 plants/m2。
（Three）Watering：After coming up, it should be watered, poured in early morning or at dusk according to weather condition and antecedent soil moisture degree
Water avoids ponding to irrigate as degree.
（Four）Top dressing：The middle ten days and the last ten days in May to mid-August is with urea 2kg/667m2-4kg/667m2Top dressing, after accomplishing that elder generation is dilute
It is dense, it is a small amount of repeatedly typically to chase after disposable fertilizer within every 15 days, stop top dressing and few watering after the first tenday period of a month in September, to promote nursery stock lignifying.
（Five）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
（1）Select with carrying out garden, seed quarantine, seed, soil disinfection.
（2）Main diseases and insect pests：Coming up and grub and cutworm insect pest such as occur after small transplantation of seedlings, with concentration 50%
Metrifonate wettable powder presses 1：Poison bait is made with wheat bran or rice bran in 100 ratio, is trapped and killed in being spread on seedbed at dusk；Use simultaneously
500 times of liquid sprayings should prevent and treat in time.
（Six）Seedling quality, discriminating and classification：
（1）Seedling quality：Nursery stock stem selection robust is straight, abundant lignifying, and color and luster is normal, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage；
（2）Nursery stock differentiates：By GB6000-1999《Major Tree Species Planted seedling quality is classified》.
（3）Seedling sorting：Ith, II grade of seedling is qualified seedling, and the outer seedling of level does not draw garden, specifically according to GB6000-1999《Mainly
Reproducting tree species Seedling Assortment》Regulation performs.
（Seven）Outplanting：
（1）Go out garden process：Including lifting, seedling sorting, heel in, packing box transport etc. process.
（2）Go out garden preparation：Garden seedling should be investigated, be counted the specification, quantity, matter of nursery stock wood before outplanting
Amount, to go out garden according to plan.
（3）Lifting：Lifting should in November the last ten-days period nursery stock fallen leaves after sprouted to mid-March in next year before carry out, and with afforestation
Time is mutually connected, and with rising with cultivation, has avoided after seedling from depositing for a long time, has influenceed the surrival rate of afforestation；Soil is excessively dry before outplanting
Drought, it should pour water, the lifting again after soil dry；To accomplish that holding root system is complete during lifting, lifting depth can not be less than 15cm.
5th, quarantine quality inspection：
Nursery stock to going out garden, should carry out Quarantine on production site in advance；Nursery stock, should be by country about regulations and the State Administration of Forestry before allocation and transportation
《Forest plants Quarantine Techniques code》In pertinent regulations, filed an application to local forestry authorities, by forestry authorities
Send special messenger to carry out nursery stock quarantine and quality inspection is carried out to seedling quality, and provide phytosanilary certificate, quality certificate and label；
Nursery stock detection method and detected rule specifically press GB6000-1999《Major Tree Species Planted seedling quality is classified》Regulation performs.
6th, seedling packing and transport：
（One）Cutting strunk：Cutting strunk processing should be carried out after seedling sorting, cutting strunk is easy to the transport of nursery stock and gone up a hill, can be reduced after definite value
The moisture evaporation and withered generation slightly that strain is planted；Section is horse ear shape, and it is 40-50cm that nursery stock trunk, which retains length,.
（Two）Packaging：Tied by every 50 plants for a bundle, the seedling root part of long-distance transport will fill wet matters or transport
Before seedling, seedling bundle root dip in mud or water-loss reducer, are wrapped up with plastic sheeting, after packaging, should fasten dated nursery stock classification, kind name
Title, seedling age, grade, quantity, production unit, production site, production and business licence numbering, lifting date, the nursery stock certificate of inspection
The label of book number content.
（Three）Transport：Want with light packs during shipment gently to unload, avoid mechanical damage, in addition, digging nursery stock will accomplish to start shipment in time, plant
Plant, to prevent dehydration；Nursery stock " phytosanilary certificate, quality certificate and label " should go together with car.
（Four）Storage：Play that after seedling can not transport in time and the nursery stock afforested immediately is, it is necessary to be heeled in temporarily, its method is
Nursery stock root and butt bottom are embedded in humid soil, the time is no more than 15d.
7th, the construction of fast-growing timber forests：
Above-mentioned Spondias axillaris seedling is carried out to the construction of fast-growing timber forests.
It is characterized in that：
Described Spondias axillaris seed collection is the wild Spondias axillaris tree of stalwartness female with 20-60 lifes, and each pistillate plants is
One seed collecting unit.
It using each pistillate plants is relative one-to-one of a seed collecting unit progress that described Spondias axillaris nursery stock sowing, which is,
Individually sowing, i.e., the seed of each plant tree collection is with being seeded in one piece of relatively independent seedling.
The nursery stock of described Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests is selection annual seedling mean height+one
The Spondias axillaris seedling of height of seedling standard deviation and nursery stock+one ground diameter standard deviation of average ground diameter.
The present embodiment one of table 1 selects male Spondias axillaris nursery stock factual survey table
| Sequence number | Height of seedling cm | Ground diameter cm | Sequence number | Height of seedling cm | Ground diameter cm |
| 1 | 150 | 1.65 | 26 | 129 | 1.5 |
| 2 | 135 | 1.35 | 27 | 112.5 | 1.35 |
| 3 | 132 | 1.2 | 28 | 127.5 | 1.35 |
| 4 | 109.5 | 1.05 | 29 | 135 | 1.35 |
| 5 | 126 | 1.2 | 30 | 142.5 | 1.65 |
| 6 | 120 | 1.05 | 31 | 138 | 1.65 |
| 7 | 120 | 1.5 | 32 | 126 | 1.65 |
| 8 | 115.5 | 1.2 | 33 | 120 | 1.35 |
| 9 | 135 | 1.35 | 34 | 126 | 1.05 |
| 10 | 135 | 1.35 | 35 | 138 | 1.65 |
| 11 | 147 | 1.5 | 36 | 166.5 | 1.65 |
| 12 | 121.5 | 1.05 | 37 | 147 | 1.65 |
| 13 | 115.5 | 1.2 | 38 | 147 | 1.65 |
| 14 | 126 | 1.5 | 39 | 147 | 1.35 |
| 15 | 129 | 1.5 | 40 | 120 | 0.9 |
| 16 | 111 | 1.2 | 41 | 145.5 | 1.05 |
| 17 | 120 | 1.5 | 42 | 153 | 1.65 |
| 18 | 127.5 | 1.2 | 43 | 139.5 | 1.2 |
| 19 | 123 | 1.35 | 44 | 124.5 | 1.65 |
| 20 | 132 | 1.8 | 45 | 123 | 1.2 |
| 21 | 135 | 1.35 | 46 | 124.5 | 1.2 |
| 22 | 139.5 | 1.95 | 47 | 132 | 1.65 |
| 23 | 135 | 1.5 | 48 | 144 | 1.65 |
| 24 | 135 | 1.5 | 49 | 139.5 | 1.35 |
| 25 | 120 | 1.2 | 50 | 135 | 1.35 |
The nursery stock mean height 131.5cm of the present embodiment, the cm of height of seedling standard deviation 11.585；According to the height of seedling standard deviation of average height of seedling+one
=131.5+11.58=143.08 cm；Selective ratio is 18%.
The average ground diameter 1.398cm, the cm of ground diameter standard deviation 0.1195 of the nursery stock of the present embodiment；According to the average ground diameter+one of nursery stock
The cm of individual ground diameter standard deviation=1.398+0.119=1.517；Selective ratio is 24%.
The present embodiment is according to 1 year raw+one height of seedling standard deviation of nursery stock mean height and nursery stock+one ground diameter standard of average ground diameter
Difference is come to select the nursery stock selective ratio of Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests be 16%.
By our long-term breeding observational studies, single one plant of elite stand in nature is collected seed, and carries out the seedling-wood breeding that grows directly from seeds,
Its female plant, the ratio of staminiferous plant are 60%:40%；And the female plant of Spondias axillaris is sprouted to Cheng Shu with staminiferous plant from nursery stock, staminiferous plant is than female
Strain shows growth vigor, therefore, according to+one height of seedling standard deviation of annual seedling mean height and the average ground diameter+one of nursery stock
Ground diameter standard deviation can ensure that choosing completely come to select the nursery stock selective ratio of Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests be 16%
The nursery stock 100% selected out is male Spondias axillaris seeds.
The construction that described Spondias axillaris seedling carries out fast-growing timber forests is with above-mentioned male+one year base of Spondias axillaris seedling selected
The cultivation fostered is shoveled in fertilizer, top dressing in 2 years, expansion cave ridging in 3 years entirely.
Place site preparation i.e. more than middle fertility, dig 50cm × 50cm × 40cm caves, nitrogen 15% of often spreading manuer in holes, phosphorus 15%, potassium
0.15 kilogram of the composite fertilizer of 15% content；The Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests of plantation, after afforestation then and second
Apply each 0.1 kilogram of nitrogen N and phosphorus P fertilizer every plant year annual of May；After afforestation then and Second Year five --- respectively expand soil, full July
Shovel is fostered once；In May, the 3rd, shovel was fostered once entirely after afforestation.The afforestation male Spondias axillaris height increment of more than 10 years reaches
12m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach more than 13.5cm.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation is into the method for fast-growing timber forests, including：Seed collection, processing and storage
Hide；Cultivating seedlings；Sowing；Seedling management；Quarantine quality inspection；Seedling packing and transport；Afforestation and Timber stands construction；
First, seed collection, processing and storage：
（One）Seed collection：The healthy and strong wild Spondias axillaris female plant of seed collection selection 20-60 lifes is collected seed, late September to ten
The first tenday period of a month in January pick up receipts in time behind fresh fruit switchs to yellow, fruit maturation falls ground；
（Two）Seed treatment：Fruit is accumulated into retting 3d-4d or water logging 7d, stirs daily 5 times, when pulp softening, uses waddy
Broken pulp is stirred and rubbed, is then rinsed well with water, pulls fruit stone out, is placed at shady and cool ventilation and dries 7d, dries to kind of a skin and turns white
When store, then to seed carry out quality grading, determine cleanliness, life rate, germination percentage, the mass of 1000 kernel index of seed, specifically press
According to GB7908-1999《Forest Tree Seed Grading》Standard performs；
（Three）Seed storage：Using indoor sand storage method, first with dry sand cushion bottom, last layer fruit stone is then spread, then cover 3cm-5cm's
Sand, accumulate successively, one layer of the top lid is the sand of humidity 70%, and sand storage is highly no more than 30cm, and last plastic covering film is protected
It is wet, compress rat preservative with brick around film；Then inspection is stirred per two weeks once, keeps husky humidity in 40-60%, firmly
Thin river sand is pinched agglomerating, husky group's nature is loose after unclamping hand, can not wettable, and discovery has husky adhesion seed nucleus surface, then husky
It is overly wet, the dry husky regulation of allotment in time；
2nd, cultivating seedlings：
（One）Select to garden：Selection has that irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, draining are good, physical features is gentle, it is leeward on the sunny side, the soil is porous,
Soil thickness more than 50cm slightly sour or neutral sandy loam or light loam with doing garden；In garden surrounding and middle part set draining
Ditch, hillside fields nursery makes hillside fields into horizontal ladder band, and column ditch is excavated above the ground of garden；
（Two）Site preparation, fertilising and make bed：
（1）Site preparation：First site preparation before nursery, including turn over, rake the soil level, be smooth, seamless；More than ploughed depth 25cm, accomplish that deep ploughing is thin
It is whole, grass roots, stone are removed, ground grading is broken；
（2）Fertilising：Per 667m2, nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 15%, the composite fertilizer 25kg of the content of potassium 15% are applied, is uniformly dispensed after trench digging and applies people's ditch
In；
（3）Make bed：Make high bed, height of bed 18cm -25cm, the cm of bedside 120, wide 50 cm of pavement between bed, bed surface is smooth, center
Slightly higher, with sharp draining, both sides make real；
（4）Soil disinfection：Soil disinfection is carried out when carrying out a base or leveling bed surface, with zineb or phoxim or ferrous sulfate
Or formalin or pentachloronitrobenzene, every square metre of 3g dosage, appropriate fine earth is puddled, is spread in soil；
3rd, sow：
（One）Seed testing：Quality inspection should be carried out to seed, before sowing specifically according to GB2772-1999《Tree seed
Inspection procedure》Perform；
（Two）Broadcast preceding seed soaking：With concentration 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate liquid immersion 10min-15min sterilizations, Ran Houyong before sowing
45 DEG C of water seed soaking 48h, program request again after drying in the shade；
（Three）Sowing time：The middle ten days and the last ten days in March, the soil temperature of soil 5cm depths is stable can be sowed at 10 DEG C or so；
（Four）Application rate：According to 35kg/667m2-40kg/667m2Standard；
（Five）Type of seeding：Sowing upward, is planted using trench digging bar broadcasting method, ditch depth 5cm, wide 8-10cm, ditch spacing 25cm, kind hole
One layer of pine needle or straw or cogongrass are covered after spacing 10-12cm, earthing 2cm again, and is poured permeable；
4th, seedling management：
（One）Tillage and weeding：, should be according to weed growth and soil hardening situation after nursery stock is unearthed, tillage and weeding, keeps soil at any time
Earth is loose, no weeds；
（Two）Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings：Spondias axillaris seed has 3~5 embryos, can typically sprout 2~3 plants, and emergence is unfavorable for growth of seedling；
When Seedling height growth is to 8~lOcm, by it is small stay it is big, rogue and stay excellent principle to carry out thinning in time, every clump retains 1 plant, thinning
Carried out in rainy days；With reference to thinning, after-culture of transplanting seedlings is carried out to being short of seedling, pours root water after after-culture in time；Final density is controlled 28
~33 plants/m2；
（Three）Watering：After coming up, should be watered according to weather condition and antecedent soil moisture degree in early morning or at dusk, water with
Irrigate to spend, avoid ponding；
（Four）Top dressing：The middle ten days and the last ten days in May to mid-August is with urea 2kg/667m2-4kg/667m2Top dressing, accomplish that elder generation is dense after dilute, it is few
Amount is multiple, typically chases after disposable fertilizer within every 15 days, stops top dressing and few watering after the first tenday period of a month in September, to promote nursery stock lignifying；
（Five）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
（1）Select with carrying out garden, seed quarantine, seed, soil disinfection；
（2）Main diseases and insect pests：Coming up and, as grub and cutworm insect pest occurs, hundred are being opposed with concentration 50% after small transplantation of seedlings
Worm wettable powder presses 1：Poison bait is made with wheat bran or rice bran in 100 ratio, is trapped and killed in being spread on seedbed at dusk；Simultaneously with 500 times
Liquid spraying should prevent and treat in time；
（Six）Seedling quality, discriminating and classification：
（1）Seedling quality：Nursery stock stem selection robust is straight, abundant lignifying, and color and luster is normal, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage；
（2）Nursery stock differentiates：By GB6000-1999《Major Tree Species Planted seedling quality is classified》；
（3）Seedling sorting：Ith, II grade of seedling is qualified seedling, and the outer seedling of level does not draw garden, specifically according to GB6000-1999《Main afforestation
Seeds Seedling Assortment》Regulation performs；
（Seven）Outplanting：
（1）Go out garden process：Including lifting, seedling sorting, heel in, packing box transport etc. process；
（2）Go out garden preparation：Garden seedling should be investigated, be counted the specification, quantity, quality of nursery stock wood before outplanting, with
Just garden is gone out according to plan；
（3）Lifting：Lifting last ten-days period nursery stock should be carried out before being sprouted after falling leaves to mid-March in next year in November, and and Afforestation Time
Mutually it is connected, with rising with cultivation, has avoided after seedling from depositing for a long time, influenceed the surrival rate of afforestation；Soil is excessively arid before outplanting, should
Pour water, the lifting again after soil dry；To accomplish that holding root system is complete during lifting, lifting depth can not be less than 15cm；
5th, quarantine quality inspection：
Nursery stock to going out garden, should carry out Quarantine on production site in advance；Nursery stock, should be by country about regulations and the State Administration of Forestry before allocation and transportation
《Forest plants Quarantine Techniques code》In pertinent regulations, filed an application to local forestry authorities, by forestry authorities
Send special messenger to carry out nursery stock quarantine and quality inspection is carried out to seedling quality, and provide phytosanilary certificate, quality certificate and label；
Nursery stock detection method and detected rule specifically press GB6000-1999《Major Tree Species Planted seedling quality is classified》Regulation performs；
6th, seedling packing and transport：
（One）Cutting strunk：Cutting strunk processing should be carried out after seedling sorting, cutting strunk is easy to the transport of nursery stock and gone up a hill, can be reduced after definite value
The moisture evaporation and withered generation slightly that strain is planted；Section is horse ear shape, and it is 40-50cm that nursery stock trunk, which retains length,；
（Two）Packaging：To be tied by every 50 plants for a bundle, the seedling root part of long-distance transport will fill wet matters or transport before seedling,
Mud or water-loss reducer are dipped in seedling bundle root, are wrapped up with plastic sheeting, after packaging, should fasten dated nursery stock classification, variety name, seedling
Age, grade, quantity, production unit, production site, production and business licence numbering, lifting date, in nursery stock certificate of inspection book number
The label of appearance；
（Three）Transport：Want with light packs during shipment gently to unload, avoid mechanical damage, in addition, digging nursery stock will accomplish to start shipment in time, transplant,
To prevent dehydration；Nursery stock " phytosanilary certificate, quality certificate and label " should go together with car；
（Four）Storage：Play that after seedling can not transport in time and the nursery stock afforested immediately is, it is necessary to be heeled in temporarily, its method is by seedling
Wooden root and butt bottom are embedded in humid soil, and the time is no more than 15d；
7th, the construction of fast-growing timber forests：
Above-mentioned Spondias axillaris seedling is carried out to the construction of fast-growing timber forests；
It is characterized in that：
Described Spondias axillaris seed collection is the wild Spondias axillaris tree of stalwartness female with 20-60 lifes, and each pistillate plants is
One seed collecting unit；
Described Spondias axillaris nursery stock sowing is that to be that a seed collecting unit is carried out using each pistillate plants relative one-to-one independent
Sowing, i.e., the seed of each plant tree collection is with being seeded in one piece of relatively independent seedling；
The nursery stock of described Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests is selection annual seedling+one height of seedling of mean height
The Spondias axillaris seedling of standard deviation and nursery stock+one ground diameter standard deviation of average ground diameter；
The nursery stock 100% for the Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests selected in this way is male Spondias axillaris tree
Kind；
The construction that described Spondias axillaris seedling carries out fast-growing timber forests be with above-mentioned male+one year base manure of Spondias axillaris seedling selected,
The cultivation fostered is shoveled in top dressing in 2 years, expansion cave ridging in 3 years entirely；
Place site preparation i.e. more than middle fertility, 50cm × 50cm × 40cm caves are dug, nitrogen 15% of often spreading manuer in holes, phosphorus 15%, potassium 15% contain
0.15 kilogram of the composite fertilizer of amount；The Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation fast-growing timber forests of plantation, after afforestation then and Second Year is every
Apply each 0.1 kilogram of nitrogen N and phosphorus P fertilizer every plant of the May in year；After afforestation then and Second Year five --- respectively expand soil July, full shovel is comforted
Educate once；In May, the 3rd, shovel was fostered once entirely after afforestation；The afforestation male Spondias axillaris height increment of more than 10 years reaches 12m,
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches more than 13.5cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610665889.4A CN107750782A (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2016-08-15 | A kind of method of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation into fast-growing timber forests |
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| CN201610665889.4A CN107750782A (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2016-08-15 | A kind of method of male Spondias axillaris seedling directional cultivation into fast-growing timber forests |
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ID=61260544
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