CN107748397B - Compact rectangular aperture arrangement structure and sampling method of target spatial frequency - Google Patents
Compact rectangular aperture arrangement structure and sampling method of target spatial frequency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact rectangular aperture arrangement structure and a sampling method of target space frequency. The invention adopts a compact rectangular aperture arrangement mode, the rectangular aperture is divided into 4 square matrixes, and the apertures in the square matrixes are matched in a central symmetry mode, so that continuous integer coverage sampling of spatial frequency in a certain spatial frequency range is realized, and a target image is obtained through inverse Fourier transform. The aperture arrangement mode can realize all acquisition in a certain continuous spatial frequency range, so that continuous and redundancy-free spatial frequency coverage is obtained, and the imaging quality of a target is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric detection. The aperture arrangement of the "spider-web" probe imaging technique has a significant impact on the system performance. The invention provides aperture arrangement for the design and use of a 'spider-web' detection imaging instrument aiming at the 'spider-web' detection imaging technology.
Background
Aiming at the limitations of large size, heavy weight and difficult assembly and transportation of the traditional telescope, the Rockwell Martin company in 2012 proposes a segmented planar photoelectric detection imaging technology (SPIDER, segmented Planar Imaging Detector for Electro-optical Reconnaissance) based on the interference imaging technology, which is based on the interference imaging principle, and is different from a large and heavy lens in the traditional telescope, the technology uses thousands of lens arrays to collect light, and the lens arrays and waveguide arrays are integrated on a substrate by utilizing a photon integration technology, namely thousands of interference telescope arrays are shrunk on a chip. The technology concentrates the optics, processing system and readout circuitry on one chip, which can be ten or even hundred times smaller in size, mass and power consumption than conventional telescopes.
Currently, as known from the literature, the structure of the SPIDER imaging system includes an interferometer microlens array, a microlens array support plate, an internal and an external calibration reference cylinder, a silicon-based photonic integrated circuit, a support plate, and the like, wherein the interferometer microlens array is used for collecting light and realizing interference between optical waveguides, and a gear-shaped structure is proposed by rockwell martin corporation as a core component of the imaging system, and the arrangement structure is shown in fig. 3.
The arrangement mode comprises m tooth arms and 360-degree uniform distribution, wherein the aperture pairs of each tooth arm are identical in arrangement, the minimum base line length of adjacent apertures is Bmin, the base line length of all aperture pairs of each tooth arm is Bi=n·Bmin, and n is the number of apertures between the ith pair of apertures. The spatial sampling frequency of the object to be measured is covered by (u, v) formed by multiple arms, wherein u=bi·cos (j·360/m)/(λz), v=bi·sin (j·360/m)/(λz), j is the j-th "tooth arm", λ is the working wavelength, and z is the object distance. Since cos (j.360/m)/(λz) and sin (j.360/m)/(λz) are non-integers, (u, v) is not a continuous integer coverage within a certain spatial frequency domain, as shown in fig. 3.
The arrangement of the gear shapes has the following problems:
1) The space utilization is low, and a gap exists between the interference arms, so that space waste is formed intangibly. The space optical remote sensing instrument requires small volume and light weight, especially for micro-nano satellite, so that it is important to adopt a certain mode to effectively utilize space and reduce space waste.
2) Even redundancy or deficiency can occur due to uneven spatial sampling frequency distribution in a certain frequency range, and certain influence is caused on the inversion quality of the image. The image quality is an important evaluation index of the optical detection imaging camera, and the improvement of the image quality is the target of optimization and improvement of the optical detection imaging instrument, so that the aperture arrangement principle and the target are the image quality of the optical detection imaging under the condition of limited resources.
3) The system lacks zero frequency sampling to the space frequency domain sampling of the object to be measured, namely lacks the sampling to the radiation brightness of the object to be measured, and influences the radiation calibration of the system.
For the above reasons, the present invention proposes a rectangular lens arrangement to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The Rockwell Martin company 2012 proposes a segmented planar photoelectric detection imaging technology based on an interference imaging technology(SPIDER, segmented Planar Imaging Detector for Electro-optical Reconnaissance). The working principle of the photoelectric detection system is based on Van Citert-Zernike theorem, thousands of lenses and orthogonal couplers of integrated optics are utilized to detect complex coherence coefficients of different spatial frequencies, and then an imaging image of a target is obtained through inverse Fourier transform. Base length (Δx, Δy) between different lens pairs, then spatial sampling frequencyWherein lambda is the working wavelength, z is the object distance, namely the working base line length of the lens pair of the system determines the target space frequency, and the aperture arrangement condition of the system determines the sampling condition of the target space frequency, thereby affecting the imaging quality of the target in the inverse Fourier transform.
The invention adopts a compact rectangular aperture arrangement mode, the rectangular aperture is divided into 4 square matrixes, and the apertures in the square matrixes are matched in a central symmetry mode, so that the spatial frequency coverage sampling in a certain continuous spatial frequency range is realized, and the target image is obtained through inverse Fourier transform.
The pore diameter arrangement mode is as follows:
the (2N+1) x (2N+1) lenses are closely arranged in a lens array, wherein N is a non-zero positive integer, as shown in figure 1, and a coordinate system xoy is established by taking a central lens as an origin and a row-column direction of a parallel array as a coordinate axis, and the minimum base line length between any two adjacent lenses along the coordinate axis direction is B min The spatial frequency detected by the system is the fundamental frequencyThe square matrix is divided into four subarrays with the sizes of (N+1) × (N+1), (N+1) × N, N × (N+1) and N×N, and the subarrays are marked as array quadrants I, II, III and IV. And carrying out aperture pairing on lenses in the four array quadrants by taking the geometric center of the quadrant as a symmetry center, wherein each pair of lenses form a base line, the base line length of the base line along the direction of the coordinate axis is deltax=i.bmin, deltay=j.bmin, and i and j are the number of lenses corresponding to the aperture-to-center distance along the direction of the orthogonal coordinate axis. According to the pairing conditionIt can be seen that any baseline vector length in the four quadrants is different, and the sampling of the target spatial frequency is different. As shown in fig. 1.
N is an odd number
1) i is an odd number
(1) When j is odd, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the second quadrant, and the coordinates of the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are respectively as follows
(2) When j is even, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the third quadrant, and the coordinates thereof are respectively as follows
2) i is an even number
(1) When j is odd, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the first quadrant, and the coordinates of the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are respectively as follows
(2) When j is even, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the fourth quadrant, and the coordinates thereof are respectively
N is an even number
1) i is an odd number
(1) When j is odd, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the fourth quadrant, and the coordinates of the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are respectively as follows
(2) When j is even, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the first quadrant, and the coordinates thereof are respectively
2) i is an even number
(1) When j is odd, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the third quadrant, and the coordinates of the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are respectively as follows
(2) When j is even, the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are positioned in the second quadrant, and the coordinates of the aperture pair lens L1 and the lens L2 are respectively as follows
It can be seen that the above aperture arrangement achieves (u, v) from (0, 0) to (Nf 0 ，Nf 0 ) Full continuous integer coverage within the range, wherein,the value of N is determined according to the highest spatial sampling frequency of the system, and can be 1-20 when the frequency is relatively low, and is more than 20 when the frequency requirement is relatively high, even reaches hundreds, thousands or more.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system coherent sampling principle. The light beams are collected through a lens array, light is coupled into a waveguide array, two corresponding waveguides are coupled into a 90-degree mixer for interference according to a matched lens, the lens g for detecting zero frequency divides the light coupled into two beams and inputs the two beams into the 90-degree mixer for interference, wherein the 90-degree mixer consists of four 3dB couplers, the light intensities I and Q of in-phase and quadrature light after interference are obtained through differential photoelectric conversion, the light intensity and the phase difference of the two beams of light input into the waveguide are demodulated through the I and Q, so that the frequency spectrum value and the phase of a target after Fourier transform are sampled through the lens, and the target imaging is obtained through Fourier transform.
The aperture arrangement has the following characteristics:
1) The minimum base line length of the adjacent lens aperture pair along the coordinate system direction is Bmin, and the spatial frequency detected by the system is fundamental frequency
2) In the n×n (N is odd) or (n+1) × (n+1) (N is even) array quadrants, the center is at the center of one lens aperture, and the single lens is used to receive light and then split and coherent again, so that zero frequency sampling is realized, as shown in fig. 2.
3) The base line length (Deltax, deltay) of the aperture pair, wherein Deltax=i.Bmin, deltay=j.Bmin, i and j are the number of lenses corresponding to the center distance of the aperture pair in two directions orthogonal to the coordinate axis, the lens array can detect the target spatial frequency (u, v), and the U is less than or equal to Nf 0 ，|v|≤Nf 0 I.e. realize (0, 0) to (Nf 0 ，Nf 0 ) The frequency is fully covered.
4) The aperture arrangement is compact, and the space is effectively utilized.
Drawings
Fig. 1: an aperture arrangement schematic diagram of the imaging system.
Fig. 2: the working principle of the imaging system is schematically shown.
Fig. 3: schematic diagram of gear-shaped aperture arrangement.
Fig. 4: the spatial frequency sampling is discontinuous in the (u, v) coverage condition corresponding to the gear-shaped arrangement mode.
Fig. 5: the (u, v) coverage condition corresponding to the rectangular arrangement mode is that the space frequency sampling is continuous.
Fig. 6: and simulating an original image.
Fig. 7: the simulation original image is coherently sampled by a 'spider-web' detection imaging system in a gear-shaped arrangement mode, and an image effect is obtained by inversion of inverse Fourier transform.
Fig. 8: the simulation original image is coherently sampled by a 'spider-web' detection imaging system in a rectangular arrangement mode, and an image effect is obtained by inversion of inverse Fourier transform.
Detailed Description
For certain application requirements, a "spider-web" probe imaging system is designed, which includes 37 x 12 x 2 = 888 lenses when using a gear-type arrangement as shown in fig. 3, with the system parameters shown in the following table. There is greater redundancy in the low frequency parts of the imaging system and the spatial frequency sampling is discontinuous over a range as shown in fig. 4. The system carries out coherent sampling on the simulation original image shown in fig. 6, and the image effect of inversion through inverse Fourier transform is shown in fig. 7.
Table 1: gear-shaped arrangement cobweb-type detection imaging system
A "spider-web" probe imaging system employing a substantially equivalent aperture pair number to the system described above, using the rectangular arrangement shown in fig. 1, with system parameters as shown in the following table, includes 29 x 29 = 841 lenses, i.e., (2n+1) × (2n+1) square matrix N equal to 14. The imaging system is between (0, 0) and (14 f 0 ，14f 0 ) Spatial frequency sampling of successive integer multiples is accomplished in range, as shown in fig. 4. The system carries out coherent sampling on the simulation original image shown in fig. 6, and the image effect of inversion through inverse Fourier transform is shown in fig. 8.
Table 2: rectangular arrangement 'spider web' detection imaging system
Comparing the image effects of fig. 7 and 8, it can be seen that when the aperture logarithm is equal, the imaging quality of the "spider-web" detection imaging system employing the rectangular arrangement is better than that of the gear-type arrangement. Comparing the sizes of the clear aperture surfaces of the systems in the above tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the clear aperture surfaces of the systems of the "spider-web" detection imaging system, which are arranged in a rectangular manner, are smaller than the arrangement of gears.
Claims (1)
1. Be applied to compact rectangular aperture arrangement structure of interference telescope, its characterized in that:
the rectangular aperture array tightly arranges (2N+1) x (2N+1) lenses in a square matrix, wherein N is a non-zero positive integer, a central lens is taken as an origin, the row-column direction of the parallel array is taken as a coordinate axis, a coordinate system is established, the minimum base line length of any two adjacent lenses in the rectangular aperture array along the coordinate axis direction is Bmin, and then the system sampling fundamental frequency isWherein λ is the working wavelength, z is the detection object distance, the square matrix of (2n+1) × (2n+1) is divided into four array quadrants of (n+1) × (n+1), (n+1) × N, N × (n+1), n×n, lenses in each quadrant array which are geometrically symmetric about the quadrant are used as paired aperture pairs, each pair of lenses forms a base line, the base line length of the base line along the coordinate axis direction is Δx=i·bmin, Δy=j·bmin, wherein i and j are the number of lenses corresponding to the center distance of the aperture pair along the coordinate axis orthogonal two directions, the center of one of the array quadrants in the square matrix is at the center of the aperture of one lens, the single lens is used for receiving light and then splitting again for realizing zero frequency sampling, and the square matrix can detect the target spatial frequency (u, v), wherein u=nf 0 ，v＝Nf 0 I.e. realize (0, 0) to (Nf 0 ，Nf 0 ) Frequency consecutive integer coverage.
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| CN108732637A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Interference formula is segmented flat panel imaging detection system |
| CN108873321A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Ultra-thin high resolution flat imaging detection system based on interference |
| CN111182179B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-01-19 | 浙江大学 | Segmented plane scout imaging system and method with odd-even lens linear arrays alternately distributed |
| CN112099139B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Chessboard type imager and implementation method |
| CN112946789B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-03-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Interference flat-plate imaging system based on super lens array and photonic integrated chip |
| CN113433688B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-03-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Interference imaging method and system based on micro-lens array and photonic integrated chip |
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