CN107743956A - 一种落叶松种子贮藏方法 - Google Patents

一种落叶松种子贮藏方法 Download PDF

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CN107743956A
CN107743956A CN201710883501.2A CN201710883501A CN107743956A CN 107743956 A CN107743956 A CN 107743956A CN 201710883501 A CN201710883501 A CN 201710883501A CN 107743956 A CN107743956 A CN 107743956A
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seed
larch
ethanol
seed storage
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夏承东
王育鹏
王亚男
方大伟
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ANHUI HUIDA AGRICULTURE Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，涉及种子贮藏技术领域，包括以下步骤：1)采种及干燥处理：将选取的球果置于种实干燥除苞机里干燥、去除果荚，得净种；2)净种消毒：将净种置于木醋液中漂洗，然后置于消毒液中浸泡及清洗沥干；3)拌沙贮藏：将消毒的净种与改性珍珠岩混匀，装入密封袋中封存，最后连同密封袋置于冷水中贮藏待用。本发明的落叶松种子贮藏方法简单方便，贮藏后的种子仍保持高萌芽率和出苗率，大大地延长种子寿命，有效地保持种子活力，适宜推广应用。

Description

一种落叶松种子贮藏方法
技术领域
本发明涉及种子贮藏技术领域，具体涉及一种落叶松种子贮藏方法。
背景技术
落叶松为松科落叶松属的落叶乔木，其具有生长快，树干通直，节少，材质坚韧，纹理直，耐腐朽等优点，适宜作建筑、电杆、桥梁、舟车、枕木、矿柱、家具、器具及木纤维工业原料等使用。落叶松耐寒、喜光、耐干旱瘠薄，对土壤的适应性较强，是我国东北、内蒙古林区以及华北、西南的高山针叶林的主要森林组成树种，属于三大针叶用材林树种之一，是山地营造速生丰产林的良好树种。
种子贮藏是采用合理的技术，人为的控制贮藏条件，使种子劣变降低到最低程度，从而最有效的保持种子发芽力和田间出苗率，以确保种子的播种价值。种子是时刻进行着呼吸的有机体，而呼吸过程中种子内部的酶和水分在氧气的参与下进行着一系列的氧化、还原反应，分解内部物质，这是一个劣变过程。合理贮藏的目的即是降低种子的呼吸强度，使种子处在一个微弱的生命活动状态中，减少内部物质的反应，能有效的保护种子的生活力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，该种贮藏方法简单方便，贮藏后的种子仍保持高萌芽率和出苗率，大大地延长种子寿命，有效地保持种子活力。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)采种及干燥处理：选择3年以上品质优良、生长健壮、粒大饱满的落叶松植株作为母株，取每年9-10月份成熟的球果，将球果置于种实干燥除苞机里干燥、去除果荚，得净种；
(2)净种消毒：将净种置于温度为50℃-60℃木醋液中漂洗10-20min，除去杂质、胶状物、空粒和虫粒，然后置于消毒液中浸泡28-36h,再将消毒后的落叶松净种用无菌水清洗2-4次，之后将清洗好的种子放到具有孔径为1mm的网状物上，置于温度低于22℃-26℃的背阴处，沥干浮水，使种子含水量达到45-55％；
(3)拌沙贮藏：将消毒的净种与改性珍珠岩混匀，装入密封袋中封存，最后连同密封袋置于温度为10℃-20℃的水中贮藏待用，期间每隔10-20天翻动透气。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，所述去除果荚的方法是：将球果投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为36℃-40℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥16-24h后，鼓自然风40-50min，再提高搅拌桨转速锤打球果，至果荚破裂脱离球果，得到净种；再将净种再次投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为36℃-40℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥即可。
进一步地，经种实干燥除苞机干燥后的净种含水量在55％-65％。
优选地，所述消毒液包括以下按重量份计的成分：600-800倍液多菌灵20-30份、磷酸钠粉末0.2-0.6份、山梨酸钾0.3-0.5份、谷氨酸母液1-2份、芸苔素1-3份、乙酰水杨酸0.8-1.2份、羧甲基纤维素0.1-0.3份、黄腐酸钠0.6-1.0份、萘乙酸0.5-1.5份、赤霉素制剂0.1-0.3份和乙烯制剂0.1-0.2份。
进一步地，所述消毒液包括以下按重量份计的成分：700倍液多菌灵25份、磷酸钠粉末0.4份、山梨酸钾0.4份、谷氨酸母液1.5份、芸苔素2份、乙酰水杨酸1份、羧甲基纤维素0.2份、黄腐酸钠0.8份、萘乙酸1份、赤霉素制剂0.2份和乙烯制剂0.15份。
优选地，所述改性珍珠岩由下列重量份的原料制成：珍珠岩60-80份、葛根提取液20-30份、海泡石绒8-12份、锯末4-8份、硫酸铜0.5-1.5份、聚乙烯醇2-4份、氢氧化钾0.6-1.2份、海藻酸钙1-3份、月桂醇硫酸钠0.4-0.8份、硬脂酸1-2份和氯化钙1-3份；该改性珍珠岩的制备方法为：将珍珠岩在温度为380-420℃的条件下煅烧40-50min，然后粉碎至粒径≤1mm，得珍珠岩颗粒，再将珍珠岩颗粒放入葛根提取液中浸泡4-6h后，取出干燥，之后加入其它剩余原料于400-600r/min转速条件下搅拌15-25min后，再次干燥即得。
进一步地，所述葛根提取液的制备方法如下：取适量葛根用体积浓度为70％乙醇在温度为24℃-28℃浸提处理，得乙醇提取液，再将乙醇提取液过AB-8大孔树脂柱，用蒸馏水洗涤至流出液透明，再用体积浓度为55％-65％乙醇洗脱3-5倍柱体积，得乙醇洗脱液，最后用乙醇洗脱液回收乙醇得葛根提取液。
优选地，所述密封袋为密封铝箔袋或4-6层的铝塑复合袋，且密封袋不透光。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：本发明根据落叶松的生长习性，合理地优化了种子贮藏方案，先通过除苞机有效地除荚干燥得净种，再将净种消毒，干燥袋装冷藏后可有效地降低贮藏中的酶变率和种子的呼吸强度，减少内部物质的反应，防止了种子在保藏过程中发生霉变，显著延长种子的贮藏时间，使贮藏时间由自然条件下的20-30天最多延长至1-2年，还能及时补种提供优质种子，并使种子在保存后仍保持高萌芽率，栽种以后的出苗率高，大大地延长种子寿命，保持种子活力；
(1)本发明的落叶松种子贮藏方法简单、操作方便，经过贮藏处理的种子播种后发芽迅速、整齐，发芽率高，非常适于生产上应用和推广，具有较好的经济效益和社会效益；
(2)本发明采用改性珍珠岩和密封袋进行落叶松种子低温干燥贮藏，能有效地延缓种胚的发育，有利于种子的保存和运输。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种落叶松种子贮藏方法
备料：
a采种：选择3年零7月生品质优良、生长健壮、粒大饱满的落叶松植株作为母株，取其当年9-10月份成熟的球果；
b消毒液：包括以下成分：600倍液多菌灵20kg、磷酸钠粉末0.2kg、山梨酸钾0.3kg、谷氨酸母液1kg、芸苔素1kg、乙酰水杨酸0.8kg、羧甲基纤维素0.1kg、黄腐酸钠0.6kg、萘乙酸0.5kg、赤霉素制剂0.1kg和乙烯制剂0.1kg；
C改性珍珠岩：由下列原料制成：珍珠岩60kg、葛根提取液20kg、海泡石绒8kg、锯末4kg、硫酸铜0.5kg、聚乙烯醇2kg、氢氧化钾0.6kg、海藻酸钙1kg、月桂醇硫酸钠0.4kg、硬脂酸1kg和氯化钙1kg；该改性珍珠岩的制备方法为：将珍珠岩在温度为380℃的条件下煅烧40min，然后粉碎至粒径≤1mm，得珍珠岩颗粒，再将珍珠岩颗粒放入葛根提取液中浸泡4h后，取出干燥，之后加入其它剩余原料于400r/min转速条件下搅拌15min后，再次干燥即得；
上述葛根提取液的制备方法如下：取适量葛根用体积浓度为70％乙醇在温度为24℃℃浸提处理，得乙醇提取液，再将乙醇提取液过AB-8大孔树脂柱，用蒸馏水洗涤至流出液透明，再用体积浓度为55％乙醇洗脱3倍柱体积，得乙醇洗脱液，最后用乙醇洗脱液回收乙醇得葛根提取液；
d不透光密封袋：4-6层的铝塑复合袋。
具体贮藏按照以下步骤进行：
(1)干燥处理：将球果投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为36℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥16h后，鼓自然风40min，再提高搅拌桨转速锤打球果，至果荚破裂脱离球果，得到净种；再将净种再次投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为36℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥至含水量在55％即可；
(2)净种消毒：将净种置于温度为50℃木醋液中漂洗10min，除去杂质、胶状物、空粒和虫粒，然后置于消毒液中浸泡28h,再将消毒后的落叶松净种用无菌水清洗2次，之后将清洗好的种子放到具有孔径为1mm的网状物上，置于温度低于22℃的背阴处，沥干浮水，使种子含水量达到45％；
(3)拌沙贮藏：将消毒的净种与改性珍珠岩混匀，装入密封袋中封存，最后连同密封袋置于温度为10℃的水中贮藏待用，期间每隔10天翻动透气。
实施例2
一种落叶松种子贮藏方法
备料：
a采种：选择4年生品质优良、生长健壮、粒大饱满的落叶松植株作为母株，取其当年9-10月份成熟的球果；
b消毒液：包括以下成分：700倍液多菌灵25kg、磷酸钠粉末0.4kg、山梨酸钾0.4kg、谷氨酸母液1.5kg、芸苔素2kg、乙酰水杨酸1kg、羧甲基纤维素0.2kg、黄腐酸钠0.8kg、萘乙酸1kg、赤霉素制剂0.2kg和乙烯制剂0.15kg；
C改性珍珠岩：由下列原料制成：珍珠岩70kg、葛根提取液25kg、海泡石绒10kg、锯末6kg、硫酸铜1kg、聚乙烯醇3kg、氢氧化钾0.9kg、海藻酸钙2kg、月桂醇硫酸钠0.6kg、硬脂酸1.5kg和氯化钙2kg；该改性珍珠岩的制备方法为：将珍珠岩在温度为400℃的条件下煅烧45min，然后粉碎至粒径≤1mm，得珍珠岩颗粒，再将珍珠岩颗粒放入葛根提取液中浸泡5h后，取出干燥，之后加入其它剩余原料于500r/min转速条件下搅拌20min后，再次干燥即得；
上述葛根提取液的制备方法如下：取适量葛根用体积浓度为70％乙醇在温度为26℃浸提处理，得乙醇提取液，再将乙醇提取液过AB-8大孔树脂柱，用蒸馏水洗涤至流出液透明，再用体积浓度为60％乙醇洗脱4倍柱体积，得乙醇洗脱液，最后用乙醇洗脱液回收乙醇得葛根提取液；
d不透光密封袋：密封铝箔袋。
具体贮藏按照以下步骤进行：
(1)干燥处理：将球果投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为38℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥20h后，鼓自然风45min，再提高搅拌桨转速锤打球果，至果荚破裂脱离球果，得到净种；再将净种再次投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为38℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥至含水量在60％即可；
(2)净种消毒：将净种置于温度为55℃木醋液中漂洗15min，除去杂质、胶状物、空粒和虫粒，然后置于消毒液中浸泡32h,再将消毒后的落叶松净种用无菌水清洗3次，之后将清洗好的种子放到具有孔径为1mm的网状物上，置于温度低于24℃的背阴处，沥干浮水，使种子含水量达到50％；
(3)拌沙贮藏：将消毒的净种与改性珍珠岩混匀，装入密封袋中封存，最后连同密封袋置于温度为15℃的水中贮藏待用，期间每隔15天翻动透气。
实施例3
一种落叶松种子贮藏方法
备料：
a采种：选择5年生品质优良、生长健壮、粒大饱满的落叶松植株作为母株，取其当年9-10月份成熟的球果；
b消毒液：包括以下成分：800倍液多菌灵30kg、磷酸钠粉末0.6kg、山梨酸钾0.5kg、谷氨酸母液2kg、芸苔素3kg、乙酰水杨酸1.2kg、羧甲基纤维素0.3kg、黄腐酸钠1.0kg、萘乙酸1.5kg、赤霉素制剂0.3kg和乙烯制剂0.2kg；
C改性珍珠岩：由下列原料制成：珍珠岩80kg、葛根提取液30kg、海泡石绒12kg、锯末8kg、硫酸铜1.5kg、聚乙烯醇4kg、氢氧化钾1.2kg、海藻酸钙3kg、月桂醇硫酸钠0.8kg、硬脂酸2kg和氯化钙3kg；该改性珍珠岩的制备方法为：将珍珠岩在温度为420℃的条件下煅烧50min，然后粉碎至粒径≤1mm，得珍珠岩颗粒，再将珍珠岩颗粒放入葛根提取液中浸泡6h后，取出干燥，之后加入其它剩余原料于600r/min转速条件下搅拌25min后，再次干燥即得；
上述葛根提取液的制备方法如下：取适量葛根用体积浓度为70％乙醇在温度为28℃浸提处理，得乙醇提取液，再将乙醇提取液过AB-8大孔树脂柱，用蒸馏水洗涤至流出液透明，再用体积浓度为65％乙醇洗脱5倍柱体积，得乙醇洗脱液，最后用乙醇洗脱液回收乙醇得葛根提取液；
d不透光密封袋：密封铝箔袋。
具体贮藏按照以下步骤进行：
(1)干燥处理：将球果投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为40℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥24h后，鼓自然风50min，再提高搅拌桨转速锤打球果，至果荚破裂脱离球果，得到净种；再将净种再次投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为40℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥至含水量在65％即可；
(2)净种消毒：将净种置于温度为60℃木醋液中漂洗20min，除去杂质、胶状物、空粒和虫粒，然后置于消毒液中浸泡36h,再将消毒后的落叶松净种用无菌水清洗4次，之后将清洗好的种子放到具有孔径为1mm的网状物上，置于温度低于26℃的背阴处，沥干浮水，使种子含水量达到55％；
(3)拌沙贮藏：将消毒的净种与改性珍珠岩混匀，装入密封袋中封存，最后连同密封袋置于温度为20℃的水中贮藏待用，期间每隔20天翻动透气。
应用实施例
将上述实施例1-3贮藏后的种子和对比例贮藏后的种子进行发芽率检测：将贮藏400天和500天后的种子在沙壤土基质中栽种培养，观察其发芽率和出苗率的生长情况，记录下表1和表2中：
对比例贮藏后的种子：取3年生成熟落叶松球果经种实干燥除苞机干燥除荚，得净种，将净种再经温度为55℃-65℃热水漂洗浸泡实现消毒除杂，最后将净种置于透明的密封袋中封存置于室温下的水中贮藏。
表1：贮藏400天
表2：贮藏500天
组别 发芽率(％) 出苗率(％)
实施例1 87.4 84.0
实施例2 89.5 84.2
实施例3 88.1 82.5
对比例 46.3 45.8
由上表1和表2可知，本发明落叶松种子贮藏方法，能显著延长种子的贮藏时间，使种子保持较高的生命力，种植后的发芽率和出苗率高。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)采种及干燥处理：选择3年以上品质优良、生长健壮、粒大饱满的落叶松植株作为母株，取每年9-10月份成熟的球果，将球果置于种实干燥除苞机里干燥、去除果荚，得净种；
(2)净种消毒：将净种置于温度为50℃-60℃木醋液中漂洗10-20min，除去杂质、胶状物、空粒和虫粒，然后置于消毒液中浸泡28-36h,再将消毒后的落叶松净种用无菌水清洗2-4次，之后将清洗好的种子放到具有孔径为1mm的网状物上，置于温度低于22℃-26℃的背阴处，沥干浮水，使种子含水量达到45-55％；
(3)拌沙贮藏：将消毒的净种与改性珍珠岩混匀，装入密封袋中封存，最后连同密封袋置于温度为10℃-20℃的水中贮藏待用，期间每隔10-20天翻动透气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，所述去除果荚的方法是：将球果投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为36℃-40℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥16-24h后，鼓自然风40-50min，再提高搅拌桨转速锤打球果，至果荚破裂脱离球果，得到净种；再将净种再次投入种实干燥除苞机里，设置温度为36℃-40℃，然后启动滚筒和搅拌桨，鼓风，干燥即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，经种实干燥除苞机干燥后的净种含水量在55％-65％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，所述消毒液包括以下按重量份计的成分：600-800倍液多菌灵20-30份、磷酸钠粉末0.2-0.6份、山梨酸钾0.3-0.5份、谷氨酸母液1-2份、芸苔素1-3份、乙酰水杨酸0.8-1.2份、羧甲基纤维素0.1-0.3份、黄腐酸钠0.6-1.0份、萘乙酸0.5-1.5份、赤霉素制剂0.1-0.3份和乙烯制剂0.1-0.2份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，所述消毒液包括以下按重量份计的成分：700倍液多菌灵25份、磷酸钠粉末0.4份、山梨酸钾0.4份、谷氨酸母液1.5份、芸苔素2份、乙酰水杨酸1份、羧甲基纤维素0.2份、黄腐酸钠0.8份、萘乙酸1份、赤霉素制剂0.2份和乙烯制剂0.15份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，所述改性珍珠岩由下列重量份的原料制成：珍珠岩60-80份、葛根提取液20-30份、海泡石绒8-12份、锯末4-8份、硫酸铜0.5-1.5份、聚乙烯醇2-4份、氢氧化钾0.6-1.2份、海藻酸钙1-3份、月桂醇硫酸钠0.4-0.8份、硬脂酸1-2份和氯化钙1-3份；该改性珍珠岩的制备方法为：将珍珠岩在温度为380-420℃的条件下煅烧40-50min，然后粉碎至粒径≤1mm，得珍珠岩颗粒，再将珍珠岩颗粒放入葛根提取液中浸泡4-6h后，取出干燥，之后加入其它剩余原料于400-600r/min转速条件下搅拌15-25min后，再次干燥即得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，所述葛根提取液的制备方法如下：取适量葛根用体积浓度为70％乙醇在温度为24℃-28℃浸提处理，得乙醇提取液，再将乙醇提取液过AB-8大孔树脂柱，用蒸馏水洗涤至流出液透明，再用体积浓度为55％-65％乙醇洗脱3-5倍柱体积，得乙醇洗脱液，最后用乙醇洗脱液回收乙醇得葛根提取液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种落叶松种子贮藏方法，其特征在于，所述密封袋为密封铝箔袋或4-6层的铝塑复合袋，且密封袋不透光。
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