CN107743901A - 一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料3‑4次/天;S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加3‑5次中草药液‑益生菌混合制剂。本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,通过优化养殖工艺,饲料残铒少,资源利用率高,换水量少,有效抑制了细菌性病害及病毒性病害的暴发和流行,南美白对虾发病率低,成活率高,有效促进南美白对虾养殖业的发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法。
背景技术
南美白对虾,又称白对虾、白肢虾,属节肢动物门,甲壳纲,十足目,游泳目,对虾科,对虾属。南美白对虾壳薄体肥,肉质鲜美,含肉率高,营养丰富,深受消费者喜爱,是一种优良的淡化养殖品种。随着南美白对虾规模化的养殖,目前存在以下问题:因水质污染及病毒传染,导致南美白对虾发病率高,成活率低;投入的饵料质量差,且过剩的饵料不能及时排除,引起有机污染养殖水质;养殖人员过量施加消毒与净化药剂,造成资源浪费及水质污染严重。以上都限制了南美白对虾养殖业的发展。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,通过优化养殖工艺,饲料残铒少,资源利用率高,换水量少,有效抑制了细菌性病害及病毒性病害的暴发和流行,南美白对虾发病率低,成活率高,有效促进南美白对虾养殖业的发展。
本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;
S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;
S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料3-4次/天;
S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加3-5次中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
优选地,S1中,消毒杀菌工艺如下:将池塘水放空,施加石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液,暴晒2-3天。
优选地,石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液中,石灰乳的浓度为16-18wt%,烧碱的浓度为2-4wt%。
优选地,S1中,水草覆盖率为20-40%。
优选地,S2中,南美白对虾虾苗的投放量为6.5-7.5万尾/亩,草鱼鱼苗的投放量为40-60尾/亩。
优选地,S3中,每次投喂时间为60-90min。
优选地,S3中,饲料的原料按重量份包括:秘鲁鱼粉50-70份、发酵血粉8-16份、虾壳粉4-8份、黄粉虫粉5-10份、膨化大豆粉60-80份、玉米粉30-50份、发酵豆粕20-30份、棉籽粕8-15份、木糖醇渣6-12份、酒渣4-8份、预胶化淀粉2-5份、海藻酸钠0.4-0.8份、蔗糖酯0.4-0.8份、复合维生素0.2-0.5份、低聚果糖0.5-1份、壳聚糖0.8-1.6份、脱壳素0.02-0.08份、绿茶粉0.4-0.8份、海藻粉1-2份、当归1-2份、黄芪1-2份。
具体实施方式中,秘鲁鱼粉的重量份还可以为52、55、58、62、65、68份,发酵血粉的重量份还可以为9、10、11、12、13、14、15份,虾壳粉的重量份还可以为5、5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5份,黄粉虫粉的重量份还可以为6、7、7.5、8、8.5、9份,膨化大豆粉的重量份还可以为64、68、70、72、75、78份,玉米粉的重量份还可以为34、38、40、42、45、48份,发酵豆粕的重量份还可以为22、24、25、26、28份,棉籽粕的重量份还可以为9、10、11、12、13、14份,木糖醇渣的重量份还可以为7、8、9、10、11份,酒渣的重量份还可以为4.5、5、5.5、6、6.5、7份,预胶化淀粉的重量份还可以为2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5份,海藻酸钠的重量份还可以为0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.7份,蔗糖酯的重量份还可以为0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.7份,复合维生素的重量份还可以为0.25、0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45份,低聚果糖的重量份还可以为0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9份,壳聚糖的重量份还可以为0.9、1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5份,脱壳素的重量份还可以为0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07份,绿茶粉的重量份还可以为0.45、0.5、0.6、0.65、0.7份,海藻粉的重量份还可以为1.2、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.8份,当归的重量份还可以为1.2、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.8份,黄芪的重量份还可以为1.2、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.8份。
优选地,S4中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂每次施加量为每立方米水施加2-4g。
优选地,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:将薄荷、枸杞、鱼腥草、白芍、神曲、小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,加水煎煮两次,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
优选地,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:按重量份将8-15份薄荷、5-10份枸杞、5-10份鱼腥草、2-5份白芍、2-5份神曲、1-3份小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,第一次加入混合中药总重量的8-12倍量水,煎煮2-2.5h,第二次加入混合中药总重量的4-6倍量水,煎煮40-60min,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入中草药液总重量1-3%的益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
本发明中通过优化养殖工艺,采用将将池塘水放空,施加石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液,暴晒的处理方式使得消毒杀菌效果明显,有效减少感染源,降低南美白对虾的发病率;通过种植水草,并控制水草的覆盖率,有效净化水质,提高养殖水体中溶解氧含量及有益菌数量,防止水体富营养化,促进浮游生物生长繁殖,丰富池塘中食物链,有效增强池塘水体的自我调节能力,降低南美白对虾发病率,提高南美白对虾成活率,同时水草可作为鱼虾及浮游生物食物来源及活动场所,提高鱼虾活力,促进鱼虾生长;再通过将南美白对虾及草鱼混养,控制两者的比例,草鱼好动,能及时处理病虾死虾,避免病原在南美白对虾群体之间传染,且进一步增加南美白对虾活力及活动时间,促进南美白对虾消食,减少饲料残铒量,饲料转化率高,南美白对虾生长发育快,体质好,发病率低;投喂的饲料中,秘鲁鱼粉、发酵血粉、虾壳粉、黄粉虫粉、膨化大豆粉、玉米粉、发酵豆粕、棉籽粕、木糖醇渣、酒渣、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钠、蔗糖酯、复合维生素、低聚果糖、壳聚糖、脱壳素、绿茶粉、海藻粉、当归和黄芪配合,营养搭配合理,营养全面且均衡,易于南美白对虾吸收消化,南美白对虾新陈代谢旺盛,抗病性强,增重快,产量高,品质好,同时饲料中各组分配合,有效改善饲料整体耐水性、崩解性及防结块性,同时不易污染水体;通过施加中草药液-益生菌混合制剂,有效利用中草药液中薄荷、枸杞、鱼腥草、白芍、神曲和小茴香中的活性成分,与益生菌配合,提高益生菌活性,有效改善池塘养殖水体水质,减少养殖水体中的病菌数量及减缓有机物的积累速率,提高南美白对虾活性,促进南美白对虾新陈代谢,进一步增强南美白对虾抗病性能,南美白对虾增重快,发病率低。本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,通过优化养殖工艺,饲料残铒少,资源利用率高,换水量少,有效抑制了细菌性病害及病毒性病害的暴发和流行,南美白对虾发病率低,成活率高,有效促进南美白对虾养殖业的发展。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;
S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;
S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料3次/天;
S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加3-5次中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
其中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:将薄荷、枸杞、鱼腥草、白芍、神曲、小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,加水煎煮两次,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;其中,消毒杀菌工艺如下:将池塘水放空,施加石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液,暴晒2天;石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液中,石灰乳的浓度为16wt%,烧碱的浓度为4wt%;水草覆盖率为20%;
S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;其中,南美白对虾虾苗的投放量为6.5万尾/亩,草鱼鱼苗的投放量为40尾/亩;
S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料3次/天;其中,每次投喂时间为90min,饲料的原料按重量份包括:秘鲁鱼粉70份、发酵血粉8份、虾壳粉8份、黄粉虫粉5份、膨化大豆粉80份、玉米粉30份、发酵豆粕30份、棉籽粕8份、木糖醇渣12份、酒渣4份、预胶化淀粉5份、海藻酸钠0.4份、蔗糖酯0.8份、复合维生素0.2份、低聚果糖1份、壳聚糖0.8份、脱壳素0.08份、绿茶粉0.4份、海藻粉2份、当归1份、黄芪2份;
S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加5次中草药液-益生菌混合制剂;其中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:按重量份将8份薄荷、10份枸杞、5份鱼腥草、5份白芍、2份神曲、3份小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,第一次加入混合中药总重量的8倍量水,煎煮2.5h,第二次加入混合中药总重量的4倍量水,煎煮40min,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入中草药液总重量1%的益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;其中,消毒杀菌工艺如下:将池塘水放空,施加石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液,暴晒3天;石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液中,石灰乳的浓度为17wt%,烧碱的浓度为3wt%;水草覆盖率为30%;
S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;其中,南美白对虾虾苗的投放量为7万尾/亩,草鱼鱼苗的投放量为50尾/亩;
S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料4次/天;其中,每次投喂时间为80min,饲料的原料按重量份包括:秘鲁鱼粉60份、发酵血粉12份、虾壳粉6份、黄粉虫粉8份、膨化大豆粉70份、玉米粉40份、发酵豆粕25份、棉籽粕12份、木糖醇渣9份、酒渣6份、预胶化淀粉4份、海藻酸钠0.6份、蔗糖酯0.6份、复合维生素0.4份、低聚果糖0.8份、壳聚糖1.2份、脱壳素0.05份、绿茶粉0.5份、海藻粉1.5份、当归1.5份、黄芪1.2份;
S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加4次中草药液-益生菌混合制剂;其中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂每次施加量为每立方米水施加3g;中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:按重量份将12份薄荷、8份枸杞、8份鱼腥草、4份白芍、4份神曲、2份小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,第一次加入混合中药总重量的10倍量水,煎煮2.2h,第二次加入混合中药总重量的5倍量水,煎煮50min,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入中草药液总重量2%的益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;其中,消毒杀菌工艺如下:将池塘水放空,施加石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液,暴晒2天;石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液中,石灰乳的浓度为18wt%,烧碱的浓度为2wt%;水草覆盖率为40%;
S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;其中,南美白对虾虾苗的投放量为7.5万尾/亩,草鱼鱼苗的投放量为60尾/亩;
S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料4次/天;其中,每次投喂时间为60min,饲料的原料按重量份包括:秘鲁鱼粉50份、发酵血粉16份、虾壳粉4份、黄粉虫粉10份、膨化大豆粉60份、玉米粉50份、发酵豆粕20份、棉籽粕15份、木糖醇渣6份、酒渣8份、预胶化淀粉2份、海藻酸钠0.8份、蔗糖酯0.4份、复合维生素0.5份、低聚果糖0.5份、壳聚糖1.6份、脱壳素0.02份、绿茶粉0.8份、海藻粉1份、当归2份、黄芪1份;
S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加3次中草药液-益生菌混合制剂;其中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂每次施加量为每立方米水施加2g;中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:按重量份将15份薄荷、5份枸杞、10份鱼腥草、2份白芍、5份神曲、1份小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,第一次加入混合中药总重量的12倍量水,煎煮2h,第二次加入混合中药总重量的6倍量水,煎煮60min,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入中草药液总重量3%的益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
实施例5
本发明提出的一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;其中,消毒杀菌工艺如下:将池塘水放空,施加石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液,暴晒3天;石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液中,石灰乳的浓度为16.5wt%,烧碱的浓度为2.5wt%;水草覆盖率为35%;
S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;其中,南美白对虾虾苗的投放量为7.2万尾/亩,草鱼鱼苗的投放量为56尾/亩;
S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料4次/天;其中,每次投喂时间为80min,饲料的原料按重量份包括:秘鲁鱼粉65份、发酵血粉12份、虾壳粉6份、黄粉虫粉8份、膨化大豆粉75份、玉米粉45份、发酵豆粕26份、棉籽粕12份、木糖醇渣10份、酒渣7份、预胶化淀粉4份、海藻酸钠0.7份、蔗糖酯0.6份、复合维生素0.4份、低聚果糖0.8份、壳聚糖1.5份、脱壳素0.06份、绿茶粉0.7份、海藻粉1.8份、当归1.6份、黄芪1.6份;
S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加4次中草药液-益生菌混合制剂;其中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂每次施加量为每立方米水施加4g;中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:按重量份将14份薄荷、8份枸杞、8份鱼腥草、4份白芍、4份神曲、2份小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,第一次加入混合中药总重量的10倍量水,煎煮2.4h,第二次加入混合中药总重量的5倍量水,煎煮50min,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入中草药液总重量2.5%的益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、池塘建设与处理:池塘中设置增氧机、饵料投放装置和进排水口,养殖前对池塘消毒杀菌,培肥底泥,并在池塘底部种植水草;
S2、投放:将南美白对虾虾苗及草鱼鱼苗消毒后投放;
S3、饲料管理:投喂饲料3-4次/天;
S4、疾病预防:每天巡塘,观察水质与鱼虾活动,适时换水及充氧,每月施加3-5次中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S1中,消毒杀菌工艺如下:将池塘水放空,施加石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液,暴晒2-3天。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,石灰乳-烧碱混合溶液中,石灰乳的浓度为16-18wt%,烧碱的浓度为2-4wt%。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S1中,水草覆盖率为20-40%。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S2中,南美白对虾虾苗的投放量为6.5-7.5万尾/亩,草鱼鱼苗的投放量为40-60尾/亩。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S3中,每次投喂时间为60-90min。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S3中,饲料的原料按重量份包括:秘鲁鱼粉50-70份、发酵血粉8-16份、虾壳粉4-8份、黄粉虫粉5-10份、膨化大豆粉60-80份、玉米粉30-50份、发酵豆粕20-30份、棉籽粕8-15份、木糖醇渣6-12份、酒渣4-8份、预胶化淀粉2-5份、海藻酸钠0.4-0.8份、蔗糖酯0.4-0.8份、复合维生素0.2-0.5份、低聚果糖0.5-1份、壳聚糖0.8-1.6份、脱壳素0.02-0.08份、绿茶粉0.4-0.8份、海藻粉1-2份、当归1-2份、黄芪1-2份。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S4中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂每次施加量为每立方米水施加2-4g。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S4中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:将薄荷、枸杞、鱼腥草、白芍、神曲、小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,加水煎煮两次,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述降低南美白对虾发病率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S4中,中草药液-益生菌混合制剂按以下工艺进行制备:按重量份将8-15份薄荷、5-10份枸杞、5-10份鱼腥草、2-5份白芍、2-5份神曲、1-3份小茴香粉碎后得到混合中药,第一次加入混合中药总重量的8-12倍量水,煎煮2-2.5h,第二次加入混合中药总重量的4-6倍量水,煎煮40-60min,合并煎煮液,冷却至室温,得到中草药液,然后加入中草药液总重量1-3%的益生菌,得到中草药液-益生菌混合制剂。
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