CN107723537A - 一种高强减摩铝合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 Bismuth Copper Manganese Silicon Magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高强减摩铝合金,按重量百分比,各组分为:铋:1.0%‑9.0%、铜:2.0%‑8.0%、锰:0.3%‑1.7%,硅:0.2%‑1.7%,镁:0.3%‑2.2%,杂质≤0.7%,余量为铝。本发明采用添加铋、铜、锰、硅、镁等元素,通过合金化提高了铝基体的强度和减磨性能,充分满足了高压齿轮泵的需求;制备的铝合金的微观组织晶粒度等级指数达7‑8级,抗拉强度可达450‑470Mpa,摩擦系数小于0.02;提高了铝合金材料的力学性能,同时具有良好的加工性能、表面粗糙度低等优点。同时,本发明的铝合金组分中不含重金属,避免了因现有铝合金材料中广泛使用重金属(如铅)而对人体及环境带来的危害,对促进绿色环保生产具有重要的积极意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及铝合金领域,特别是一种高强减摩铝合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
在液压件行业,齿轮泵是量大面广的产品。齿轮泵中齿轮的定位和端泄的密封通常是采用铝合金轴承套、铜合金或钢-锡青铜烧结复合双金属侧板来保证的,对于齿轮转速超过2000转/分、压力超过20Mpa的高压齿轮油泵,现有技术存在以下问题:
因为如采用铜合金或钢-锡青铜烧结复合双金属,不仅重量较大,而且需要消耗大量的铜材,生产成本过高。所以目前大部分齿轮泵材料均由铝合金制成,而在高压、高转速的工况条件下,工作温度较高,由于铁、铜、铝的膨胀系数各不相同,易造成配合精度的下降,导致齿轮泵的整体效率降低。
现有的铝合金材料,通常采用Si作为强化元素,但强度性能不高,比如目前轴瓦常用的SAE788铝合金,其主要元素为:Sn:6%-8.8%、Pb:1.5%-2.5%、Si:2.25%-2.75%。其抗拉强度(6b)仅为138-159Mpa,不能满足高压齿轮泵的强度和摩擦性能的要求,同时其中还存在重金属铅,不符合目前环保生产的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高强减摩铝合金及其制备方法,通过合金化提高铝基体的强度和减磨性能,满足高压齿轮泵的需求,并且不含重金属元素,环保性能优异。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种高强减摩铝合金,按重量百分比,各组分为:铋:1.0%-9.0%、铜:2.0%-8.0%、锰:0.3%-1.7%,硅:0.2%-1.7%,镁:0.3%-2.2%,杂质≤0.7%,余量为铝。
一种高强减摩铝合金的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
1)配料:按所述各组分重量百分比配备原料;
2)熔炼:开启熔炉,待熔炉温度升至720℃时,加入铝锭,待铝锭熔化后持续加热使铝液温度同样达到720℃;
3)首次微量元素的添加:将原料中的铋、铜、硅分次按序加入到步骤2)所形成的铝液中,静置20分钟后,再搅拌铝液5分钟;
4)二次微量元素的添加:将镁和锰分次压入步骤3)所形成的铝液中,静置10分钟后,再搅拌铝液5分钟,形成合金液;
5)除气扒渣处理:采用浮游法对合金液进行除气处理,并于除气结束后进行静置、扒渣;
6)测氢处理:对除气后的合金液进行测氢检验;
7)浇铸:将测氢检验合格后的合金液浇注到金属模具中,待合金液凝固,得到浇铸毛坯;
8)热处理:对浇铸毛坯进行固溶时效处理,得到高强减摩铝合金产品。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明采用添加铋、铜、锰、硅、镁等元素,通过合金化提高了铝基体的强度和减磨性能,充分满足了高压齿轮泵的需求;制备的铝合金的微观组织晶粒度等级指数达7-8级,抗拉强度可达450-470Mpa,摩擦系数小于0.02;提高了铝合金材料的力学性能,同时具有良好的加工性能、表面粗糙度低等优点。同时,本发明的铝合金组分中不含重金属,避免了因现有铝合金材料中广泛使用重金属(如铅)而对人体及环境带来的危害,对促进绿色环保生产具有重要的积极意义。
说明书附图
图1为本发明的高强减摩铝合金的金相组织图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明:
实施例1
本发明的高强减摩铝合金,是一种铸造铝合金,本实施例中具体各组分配比参见表1所示,熔炉选用坩埚电阻炉,具体制备工艺按以下步骤进行:
1)配料:按所述各组分重量百分比配备原料;
2)熔炼:开启熔炉,待熔炉温度升至720℃时,加入铝锭,待铝锭熔化后持续加热使铝液温度同样达到720℃;
3)首次微量元素的添加:将原料中的铋、铜、硅分次按序加入到步骤2)所形成的铝液中,静置20分钟后,再搅拌铝液5分钟;
4)二次微量元素的添加:将镁和锰分次压入步骤3)所形成的铝液中,静置10分钟后,再搅拌铝液5分钟,形成合金液;
5)除气扒渣处理:采用浮游法对合金液进行除气处理,并于除气结束后进行静置、扒渣;
6)测氢处理:对除气后的合金液进行测氢检验;
7)浇铸:将测氢检验合格后的合金液浇注到金属模具中,待合金液凝固,得到浇铸毛坯;
8)热处理:对浇铸毛坯进行固溶时效处理,得到高强减摩铝合金产品。
制得的高强减摩铝合金的性能参见表2,其中摩擦系数检测在HDM10摩擦试验机进行。其金相组织参照图1所示,图中黑色原点为铋元素,分布均匀,具有良好的产品性能。
表1 高强减摩铝合金成分表
组分 | 铋 | 铜 | 锰 | 硅 | 镁 | 杂质 | 铝 |
重量百分比(%) | 1.0 | 8.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.3 | ≤0.7 | 余量 |
表2 高强减摩铝合金性能
抗拉强度(Mpa) | 摩擦系数(μ) | 晶粒度级别指数 |
450 | 0.02 | 8级 |
实施例2
本实施例的制备工艺与实施例1相同,具体各组分配比参见表3所示,性能参见表4所示,其金相组织与图1相似。
表3 高强减摩铝合金成分表
组分 | 铋 | 铜 | 锰 | 硅 | 镁 | 杂质 | 铝 |
重量百分比(%) | 3.4 | 6.2 | 0.65 | 1.23 | 0.87 | ≤0.7 | 余量 |
表4 高强减摩铝合金性能
抗拉强度(Mpa) | 摩擦系数(μ) | 晶粒度级别指数 |
470 | 0.02 | 8级 |
实施例3
本实施例的制备工艺与实施例1相同,具体各组分配比参见表5所示,性能参见表6所示,其金相组织与图1相似。
表5 高强减摩铝合金成分表
组分 | 铋 | 铜 | 锰 | 硅 | 镁 | 杂质 | 铝 |
重量百分比(%) | 5.7 | 5.2 | 0.75 | 0.98 | 1.25 | ≤0.7 | 余量 |
表6 高强减摩铝合金性能
抗拉强度(Mpa) | 摩擦系数(μ) | 晶粒度级别指数 |
463 | 0.02 | 8级 |
实施例4
本实施例的制备工艺与实施例1相同,具体各组分配比参见表7所示,性能参见表8所示,其金相组织与图1相似。
表7高强减摩铝合金成分表
组分 | 铋 | 铜 | 锰 | 硅 | 镁 | 杂质 | 铝 |
重量百分比(%) | 7.8 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 2.2 | ≤0.7 | 余量 |
表8 高强减摩铝合金性能
抗拉强度(Mpa) | 摩擦系数(μ) | 晶粒度级别指数 |
455 | 0.02 | 8级 |
实施例5
本实施例的制备工艺与实施例1相同,具体各组分配比参见表9所示,性能参见表10所示,其金相组织与图1相似。
表9 高强减摩铝合金成分表
组分 | 铋 | 铜 | 锰 | 硅 | 镁 | 杂质 | 铝 |
重量百分比(%) | 9.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.79 | 1.2 | ≤0.7 | 余量 |
表10 高强减摩铝合金性能
抗拉强度(Mpa) | 摩擦系数(μ) | 晶粒度级别指数 |
456 | 0.02 | 8级 |
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种高强减摩铝合金,其特征在于:按重量百分比,各组分为:铋:1.0%-9.0%、铜:2.0%-8.0%、锰:0.3%-1.7%,硅:0.2%-1.7%,镁:0.3%-2.2%,杂质≤0.7%,余量为铝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强减摩铝合金的制备方法,其特征在于:按以下步骤进行:
1)配料:按所述各组分重量百分比配备原料;
2)熔炼:开启熔炉,待熔炉温度升至720℃时,加入铝锭,待铝锭熔化后持续加热使铝液温度同样达到720℃;
3)首次微量元素的添加:将原料中的铋、铜、硅分次按序加入到步骤2)所形成的铝液中,静置20分钟后,再搅拌铝液5分钟;
4)二次微量元素的添加:将镁和锰分次压入步骤3)所形成的铝液中,静置10分钟后,再搅拌铝液5分钟,形成合金液;
5)除气扒渣处理:采用浮游法对合金液进行除气处理,并于除气结束后进行静置、扒渣;
6)测氢处理:对除气后的合金液进行测氢检验;
7)浇铸:将测氢检验合格后的合金液浇注到金属模具中,待合金液凝固,得到浇铸毛坯;
8)热处理:对浇铸毛坯进行固溶时效处理,得到高强减摩铝合金产品。
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