CN1077218C - 气阀 - Google Patents

气阀 Download PDF

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CN1077218C
CN1077218C CN97192213A CN97192213A CN1077218C CN 1077218 C CN1077218 C CN 1077218C CN 97192213 A CN97192213 A CN 97192213A CN 97192213 A CN97192213 A CN 97192213A CN 1077218 C CN1077218 C CN 1077218C
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塞尔瓦蒂乌斯·阿尔方斯·玛丽亚·耶斯马
马库斯·约翰内斯·彼得吕斯·赫拉尔杜斯·登哈尔托赫
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Vialle Alternative Fuel Systems BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
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    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
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    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0251—Details of actuators therefor
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    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
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    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/0272—Ball valves; Plate valves; Valves having deformable or flexible parts, e.g. membranes; Rotatable valves
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
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    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02M21/0278—Port fuel injectors for single or multipoint injection into the air intake system
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
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    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
    • F02M21/0212—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene comprising at least 3 C-Atoms, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], propane or butane
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    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种气阀(1)，可被设置于内燃机的进气口(2)处。为了以一种简单的方式使气阀具有不同的气流性能，气阀(1)包含了两个平板(8、24)，二平板相互平行，在二平板之间安装着阀体(9)，阀体(9)与二平板间保持有间隙，该阀体(9)可以关闭一个出气口(11)。通过改变间隙的大小，可以改变流过气阀(1)的气体量。通过改变一个调节环(5)的高度，可以改变阀升程。

Description

气阀
本发明涉及一种可以安装在内燃机的进气口处的气阀。
WO94/15092描述了用于内燃机的气体喷射器的总体配置。
将一种气态介质引入一个内燃机需要有非常精确的流量调节功能，同时，为实现这一目的而采用的气阀则需要尽可能坚固。现在已经进行了各种尝试以达到顺序注入燃料，一方面，这将使每个单独的气缸均能更精确地调节燃料注入量，另一方面，也消除了逆燃的危险，尤其是在进气时。
逆燃现象特别容易发生在下面的情况下：在起动时进气口内充满了易燃的混合气，一个进气阀正处于打开状态，而且起动时与进气阀相联的火花塞在打火。这将导致进气口或空气滤清器的严重损坏。如果能使顺序注入燃料发生在尽可能够近进气阀的地方，则可以使进气管路内的燃料显著减少，从而使逆燃的效应被消除或是在某种程度上受到限制。
通过在尽可能靠近进气阀处引入燃料，可以使内燃机对加速踏板的动作的反应特别迅速。
然而，采用顺序注入燃料需要给每个气缸配备一个单独的进气阀，每个进气阀应能够在其打开的时间内向气缸注入一个工作循环所需的全部数量的气体。
如果每个发动机所需的注入时间等于或小于进气阀的打开时间，则可以达到最高的注入调节精度。
这意味着，一方面，每个进气阀的调节精度需要特别高，而另一方面，所需费用要尽量低，从而以经济的方式实现顺序注入燃料。
因此，本发明的目的是开发一种能以简单的方式适用于不同的内燃机的气阀。
上述这一目的可由以下技术方案而实现，即本发明提出了一种可以设置于内燃机进气口处的气阀，其包含：一个排气管，该排气管的一端可以联接上述进气口，另一端则联接着一个阀室的排气孔，上述阀室上联接着一个供气管路的入气孔，该供气管路则联接气体供应装置；一个用于封闭排气孔的阀体，其可移动地安装在上述阀室内，该阀体联接着一个感应圈作用的驱动部分并位于供气管路与排气管之间，其特征在于，所述阀体被两个平板支撑着位于二平板之间，并与二平板之间留有间隙，这个间隙决定了阀体的冲程，二平板由一个可更换的调节环分隔开。
有利的是，调节环的周边上带有一组径向入气孔。
上述驱动部分可包含一个作用杆，该作用杆可以相对于阀的壳体滑动，在作用杆远离阀体的一端还装有一个铁磁部分，该铁磁部分与一个感应圈相互作用，此外，在作用单元上还装有弹簧。
所述作用杆的导向装置可包含一个隔膜。
所述作用杆在其端部附近可被紧固到一个隔膜上。
上述感应圈可包含一个铁磁心，铁磁心四周包围着一个缠绕线圈，该铁磁心上有一个自由端面，而上述作用部分可包含一个柱形件，该柱形件上有一个端面可与铁磁心的自由端面相互作用。
上述弹簧作用在柱形铁磁件上。
本发明基于对气阀的本质的理解，即在很大程度上影响着从气阀中流过的气量参数的阀升程可以以一种简单的方式调节：在两个平行的平板之间封闭阀体，而这两个平板则决定了阀体的阀升程。二平板之间的距离由一个调节环确定。
如果气阀要适用于不同的内燃机，则可以简便地将调节环的厚度增加或减小。
由于气体注入时间相对较短且流过气阀的气量又相对较大，因此阀升程具有很重要的意义。
在一个典型示例中，气阀在25％的时间内要保持至少部分打开。
阀体的一个典型的阀升程为0.25mm。
根据本发明的一个实施例，气体可通过一个环形管路流过调节环周边上的一组径向入气孔。
驱动部分的优选结构为电动式的，其中包含一个作用杆，该作用杆可以相对于阀室滑移；还包含一个铁磁体，铁磁体位于作用杆远离阀体的一端，可与一个线圈相互作用；还有一个弹簧安装在作用杆上。
在阀体/作用杆相对于阀室其他部件的导向方面可能出现的问题可以通过在阀室内安装隔膜而解决。通过给作用杆加上一个附加的隔膜，这些隔膜可以用作导向件了。这就意味着不需要使用滑动接触的轴承了。这一点对于避免在用气化的液化石油气(LPG)或气态的液态天然气(LNG)时产生的润滑问题是特别重要的。
上面所述的驱动感应圈可以采用任何形式的现有结构，但它的优选结构是包含一个铁磁心，铁磁心外面有一个线圈，铁磁心上含一个自由端面，作用杆上包含一个柱形部分，柱形部分有一个端面与铁磁心的端面相互作用。
上述弹簧作用在铁磁心上。这个弹簧要负担相当大的载荷，其运动一般还要有3000—4000m/s2的加速度。应指出上述作用杆还具有阻尼和弹性特性。
通过参考附图中所示的一个最佳实施例，可以更详细地解释本发明。附图包括：
图1为根据本发明的气阀位于关闭位置时的横截面图；
图2为图1中所示气阀位于打开位置时的局部剖开的横截面图。
在附图中，1代表根据本发明的气阀。该气阀可被安装在一个内燃机的进气口处用于输送一种气体。这与液态下注入液化燃料气的阀结构不同。进气口歧管以2表示。一个燃料导向套3安装在该进气口处，导向套具有若干孔用于安装气阀。这种气阀可以用任何现有方式紧固。
气阀的出气口11通往上述进气口歧管。出气口11的另一端通往一个支撑板8上的孔10。阀体9与支撑板8相邻并在相互接触的地方被密封住。阀体9被阀室23包围着，阀室23的边界由上述支撑板8、止动板24和调节环5确定。二平板8、24之间的距离由调节环5的厚度决定。通过更换调节环5，可以改变二平板之间的距离并因此改变阀体9的阀升程。
调节环5上带有若干孔6，这些孔6接通着燃料导向套3上联接着的一个环形管路7。
阀体9联接着一个作用杆12。作用杆12可以是钢制的圆杆，直径约为3mm。作用杆12通过隔膜13、14紧固到阀的壳体25上。隔膜13、14上分别有一个孔。密封装置可采用各种O形密封圈。作用杆12联接着一个柱形铁磁部分15，铁磁部分15可以在孔16中滑移。铁磁部分15可与一个感应圈的铁磁心19相互作用，该感应圈整体上以17表示，其中包含一个缠绕线圈18。这个线圈18的供给电源以22表示。此外，一个弹簧20作用在柱形铁磁部分15上，弹簧20的预压缩量可以设置。
由于阀体9与阀室23中的排气孔10的这种结构特点，从入气部分4处传来的气压将向阀体施加一个指向关闭方向的力。由于支撑板8只需采用平板式结构，因此阀体与支撑板之间的密封可以以特别简单的形式实现。作用杆12需要有一定的弹性，这对于气阀的开阀过程是非常重要的。
这里将给出一个气阀示例：气阀在入气部分4处的工作压力为8bar，而内燃机(增压式内燃机)的进气口2处的压力为2.2bar。
孔10的面积约10mm2，阀体9的阀升程为0.25mm。
如果这个气阀是用于顺序注入的，那么除了一般的优点外，还可以对其控制系统进行设计，使得内燃机在起动时，在其第一个和第二个工作循环内不会有混合气被注入。在这段时间内，计算机控制系统可以将内燃机的所有参数以最佳方式设置。之后，才会注入燃料。
从附图中可以看到，根据本发明的气阀可以做成特殊的小型扁平结构。这样，气阀不但可以用于新式结构的进气口，还可以改型而用于现有结构中。
支撑板8在被用作阀体9的密封装置的同时，还可用作一个止动装置。
上面所述的气阀可以以特别简单并且便宜的方式制造。它的排气量可以通过改变调节环而方便地改变，不需附加费用，而调节环总是必不可少的。这样就可以在内燃机的有效进气时间内输送气体。
很明显，对上面描述的气阀可作出许多变型结构。但所有变型均可认为没有超出本发明的范围。

Claims (7)

1、一种可以设置于内燃机进气口处的气阀(1)，其包含：一个排气管，该排气管的一端可以联接上述进气口，另一端则联接着一个阀室(23)的排气孔(10)，上述阀室上联接着一个供气管路(7)的入气孔(6)，该供气管路(7)则联接气体供应装置；一个用于封闭排气孔的阀体(9)，其可移动地安装在上述阀室内，该阀体联接着一个感应圈作用的驱动部分并位于供气管路与排气管之间，其特征在于，所述阀体(9)被两个平板(8、24)支撑着位于二平板之间，并与二平板之间留有间隙，这个间隙决定了阀体的冲程，二平板由一个可更换的调节环(5)分隔开。
2、根据权利要求1所述的气阀，其特征在于：调节环的周边上带有一组径向入气孔。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的气阀，其特征在于：驱动部分包含一个作用杆(12)，该作用杆可以相对于阀的壳体滑动，在作用杆远离阀体的一端还装有一个铁磁部分(15)，该铁磁部分与一个感应圈(17)相互作用，此外，在作用单元上还装有弹簧。
4、根据权利要求3所述的气阀，其特征在于：作用杆的导向装置包含一个隔膜(13)。
5、根据权利要求3所述的气阀，其特征在于：作用杆在其端部附近被紧固到一个隔膜(13、14)上。
6、根据权利要求3所述的所述的气阀，其特征在于：感应圈上包含一个铁磁心(19)，铁磁心四周包围着一个缠绕线圈(18)，该铁磁心上有一个自由端面，而作用部分包含一个柱形件，该柱形件上有一个端面可与铁磁心的自由端面相互作用。
7、根据权利要求3所述的气阀，其特征在于：该弹簧作用在柱形铁磁件上。
CN97192213A 1996-02-13 1997-02-11 气阀 Expired - Fee Related CN1077218C (zh)

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