CN107721435B - 用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品及其制作方法 - Google Patents

用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN107721435B
CN107721435B CN201710946573.7A CN201710946573A CN107721435B CN 107721435 B CN107721435 B CN 107721435B CN 201710946573 A CN201710946573 A CN 201710946573A CN 107721435 B CN107721435 B CN 107721435B
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苏昆仑
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Abstract

本发明具体涉及用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品及其制作方法,属于陶瓷产品技术领域。该用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉50‑65份、黏土15‑20份、废旧陶瓷颗粒6‑10份、硅微粉5‑9份、聚乙烯蜡3‑6份、粘结剂2‑5份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40‑100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1‑3mm。本发明以废旧陶瓷料为生产陶瓷卫生洁具的主原料,利用率可达50%,且得到的产品性能优良,真正实现陶瓷废料的减量化、资源化、无害化,促进陶瓷产业的可持续发展。

Description

用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷产品技术领域,具体涉及用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品及其制作方法。
背景技术
随着社会经济以及陶瓷行业的快速发展,陶瓷产量大幅度增长。传统陶瓷的主要原料是不可再生的天然矿物原料,我国陶瓷产业每年消耗的黏土、长石、石英等天然矿物总量已达到1.3亿吨以上,而且一年比一年多。在产量猛增的同时,陶瓷废料的产生量也越来越多。因为从原料处理、混料、球磨到坯体制备、成形、干燥等全过程都会产生废料,包括坯体废料、废釉料、半成品废料、烧成废料、废石膏、废匣钵及废棚板等。根据不完全统计,全国陶瓷废料的年产量估计在1000万吨左右。大量的陶瓷废料不仅让企业为如何处理而头疼,也让政府为其对环境造成的破坏而大伤脑筋,如何将之变废为宝,成为了整个行业实现可持续发展的当务之急。
在早期的陶瓷废料处理中,由于没有相关的回收技术,陶瓷废料被企业视为“负担”,如同“垃圾”一样通过简单的填埋方法来解决,如被用来填埋沟壑、路基等,甚至直接倒在路边、农田、河渠等地方。由于陶瓷废料无法降解,废料中又含有化学物质,从而严重污染了人们赖以生存的水、空气和土壤环境。
现在已有一些合理利用陶瓷废料的技术,申请号为201210535236.6,名称为“一种掺废旧陶瓷颗粒的自发光道路标线材料及制备方法”的专利,公开了一种利用废旧陶瓷生产道路标线的方法;申请号为201010140756.8,名称为“降低路面温度的集料及利用其制备沥青混合料的方法”的专利申请中,公开了利用粒径为4.75-9.5mm的废旧陶瓷颗粒作为降低路面温度的集料;但这些都是建筑行业方面的再利用。申请号为201410233377.1,名称为“用废旧陶瓷制作的陶瓷制品及其制作方法”的专利申请中,公开了一种用废旧陶瓷制作的陶瓷制品,但其废瓷利用率仅30%左右,而水泥和减水剂的用量占大多数,且制得的陶瓷性能如何也未可知。
故本发明旨在研究非建筑行业对废旧陶瓷的再利用,具体研究用其生产陶瓷卫生洁具。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足而提供一种用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品及其制作方法,以废旧陶瓷料为生产陶瓷卫生洁具的主原料,利用率可达50%,且得到的产品性能优良,真正实现陶瓷废料的减量化、资源化、无害化,促进陶瓷产业的可持续发展。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉50-65份、黏土15-20份、废旧陶瓷颗粒6-10份、硅微粉5-9份、聚乙烯蜡3-6份、粘结剂2-5份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
进一步地,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉58份、黏土18份、废旧陶瓷颗粒7份、硅微粉8份、聚乙烯蜡5份、粘结剂4份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
进一步地,所述黏土为蒙脱石或蛭石。
进一步地,所述硅微粉为球型硅微粉。
进一步地,所述粘结剂为低黏度聚乙烯醇。
用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒混合,按质量比1:0.8-1.2加入水得到混合物,用改性有机蒙脱石进行吸附除污染物、色素;
2)将步骤1)除污后的废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒与黏土、硅微粉和聚乙烯蜡按质量配比混合,加入水,再加入粘结剂,搅拌混合均匀;
3)对步骤2)得到的物料进行抽真空排气,然后浇注入石膏模内,固化后脱模;
4)在陶瓷坯体外表面施透明釉;
5)最后于1200℃-1300℃的氧化焰中一次烧成,自然冷却即得所述用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品。
进一步地,所述步骤5)中烧成温度为1250℃。
有益效果:
本发明用废旧陶瓷料制作陶瓷制品,通过合理配方及制作方法,稳定性、硬度等性能更优。废旧陶瓷料已经煅烧过一次,故其化学性质更稳定,将其一部分粉碎成颗粒是为了增加流动性;球型硅微粉、聚乙烯蜡也具有优良的流动性,利于成型;硅微粉、黏土和聚乙烯醇的加入增强了陶瓷制品的强度及可塑性,适用于卫生洁具陶瓷,故本发明采用注浆成型,因其比较适合形状复杂、不规则的、体积大的器物,在注浆前排气能加速坯体成型,提高致密度和强度。另外,还利用了蒙脱石和蛭石的矿物天然自净化功能,使其具有优良的抗菌性。
本发明对废旧陶瓷料的利用率达50%以上,且得到的产品性能优良,真正实现了陶瓷废料的减量化、资源化、无害化,促进陶瓷产业的可持续发展。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。本发明中使用的原料若无特别说明,均可通过市购获得。
实施例1
用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉50份、蒙脱石20份、废旧陶瓷颗粒10份、球型硅微粉9份、聚乙烯蜡6份、低黏度聚乙烯醇5份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
该陶瓷制品的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒混合,按质量比1:0.8加入水得到混合物,用改性有机蒙脱石进行吸附除污染物、色素;
2)将步骤1)除污后的废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒与蒙脱石、球型硅微粉和聚乙烯蜡按质量配比混合,加入水,再加入低黏度聚乙烯醇,搅拌混合均匀;
3)对步骤2)得到的物料进行抽真空排气,然后浇注入石膏模内,固化后脱模;
4)在陶瓷坯体外表面施透明釉;
5)最后于1200℃的氧化焰中一次烧成,自然冷却即得。
实施例2
用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉55份、蒙脱石17份、废旧陶瓷颗粒10份、球型硅微粉9份、聚乙烯蜡5份、低黏度聚乙烯醇4份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
该陶瓷制品的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒混合,按质量比1:1加入水得到混合物,用改性有机蒙脱石进行吸附除污染物、色素;
2)将步骤1)除污后的废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒与蒙脱石、球型硅微粉和聚乙烯蜡按质量配比混合,加入水,再加入低黏度聚乙烯醇,搅拌混合均匀;
3)对步骤2)得到的物料进行抽真空排气,然后浇注入石膏模内,固化后脱模;
4)在陶瓷坯体外表面施透明釉;
5)最后于1230℃的氧化焰中一次烧成,自然冷却即得。
实施例3
用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉58份、蛭石18份、废旧陶瓷颗粒7份、球型硅微粉8份、聚乙烯蜡5份、低黏度聚乙烯醇4份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
该陶瓷制品的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒混合,按质量比1:1.1加入水得到混合物,用改性有机蒙脱石进行吸附除污染物、色素;
2)将步骤1)除污后的废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒与蛭石、球型硅微粉和聚乙烯蜡按质量配比混合,加入水,再加入低黏度聚乙烯醇,搅拌混合均匀;
3)对步骤2)得到的物料进行抽真空排气,然后浇注入石膏模内,固化后脱模;
4)在陶瓷坯体外表面施透明釉;
5)最后于1250℃的氧化焰中一次烧成,自然冷却即得。
实施例4
用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉65份、蛭石16份、废旧陶瓷颗粒6份、硅微粉7份、聚乙烯蜡4份、低黏度聚乙烯醇2份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
该陶瓷制品的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒混合,按质量比1:1.2加入水得到混合物,用改性有机蒙脱石进行吸附除污染物、色素;
2)将步骤1)除污后的废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒与蛭石、硅微粉和聚乙烯蜡按质量配比混合,加入水,再加入低黏度聚乙烯醇,搅拌混合均匀;
3)对步骤2)得到的物料进行抽真空排气,然后浇注入石膏模内,固化后脱模;
4)在陶瓷坯体外表面施透明釉;
5)最后于1300℃的氧化焰中一次烧成,自然冷却即得。
对比例1
用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品,包括按照质量份数计的如下原料:废旧陶瓷粉58份、蛭石18份、废旧陶瓷颗粒7份、聚乙烯蜡5份、低黏度聚乙烯醇4份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
该陶瓷制品的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒混合,按质量比1:1.1加入水得到混合物,用改性有机蒙脱石进行吸附除污染物、色素;
2)将步骤1)除污后的废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒与蛭石、聚乙烯蜡按质量配比混合,加入水,再加入低黏度聚乙烯醇,搅拌混合均匀;
3)将步骤2)得到的物料浇注入石膏模内,固化后脱模;
4)在陶瓷坯体外表面施透明釉;
5)最后于1250℃的氧化焰中一次烧成,自然冷却即得。
对比例2
市面上普通用非废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷卫生洁具制品。
性能测试
对本发明实施例1-4所得产品进行性能测试,结果如下表:
表1 产品性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001431834180000051
其中,溶出试验为将陶瓷坯体置于4%的醋酸中浸泡,铅的溶出量不大于7毫克/升,镉的溶出量不大于0.5毫克/升。
由上表可见,本发明用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品不比市面上普通用非废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷卫生洁具性能差,反而通过工艺的优化,产品强度、抗菌性等方面有所提高。

Claims (1)

1.用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品的制作方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒混合,按质量比1:0.8-1.2加入水得到混合物,用改性有机蒙脱石进行吸附除污染物、色素;
2)将步骤1)除污后的废旧陶瓷粉和废旧陶瓷颗粒与蛭石、球型硅微粉和聚乙烯蜡按质量配比混合,加入水,再加入低黏度聚乙烯醇,搅拌混合均匀;
3)对步骤2)得到的物料进行抽真空排气,然后浇注入石膏模内,固化后脱模;
4)在陶瓷坯体外表面施透明釉;
5)最后于1200℃-1300℃的氧化焰中一次烧成,自然冷却即得所述用废旧陶瓷料制作的陶瓷制品;
原料组成:废旧陶瓷粉58-65份、蛭石16-18份、废旧陶瓷颗粒6-7份、球型硅微粉7-8份、聚乙烯蜡4-5份、低黏度聚乙烯醇2-4份,其中所述废旧陶瓷粉粒径为40-100μm,废旧陶瓷颗粒粒径为1-3mm。
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