CN107721358A - 矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
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- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHXCINJSAAFBDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].O[Si](O)(O)O Chemical compound [Ca].O[Si](O)(O)O JHXCINJSAAFBDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/12—Waste materials; Refuse from quarries, mining or the like
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/141—Slags
- C04B18/142—Steelmaking slags, converter slags
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5024—Silicates
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- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒及其制备方法,配料由矿渣微粉、珍珠岩尾矿组成,激发剂由水玻璃组成;制备方法是:将配料进行搅拌、配制激发剂溶液、成球机造粒、养护、涂抹防水剂、干燥、筛分,密封包装后即得到多功能的无熟料矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒。本发明制备的陶粒具有强度高、密度低、吸水率低、保温性能好等特点,适用于轻集料混凝土工程范围,代替天然粗集料使用。本发明利用工业废弃物,不添加水泥等熟料,不用烧结,具有非常明显的环保效益,属于绿色建筑材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域,具体涉及一种矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国建筑行业的快速发展,已然成为能源消耗最大的产业,给国民经济和社会发展带来巨大负担。因此,绿色节能环保成为建筑行业发展方向。
由于陶粒轻质、导热系数低、耐腐蚀性好等优异特点,在取代混凝土中天然集料方面表现出了良好的保温性能和抗震性能。然而当前建筑材料市场上,大多陶粒均采用烧结法研制生产,造成了煤炭等能源的额外消耗,并且生产过程中排放大量有害气体污染环境。而其他少数利用免烧法生产的陶粒,均使用水泥熟料作为胶凝材料提供强度。水泥的生产过程伴随巨大的煤炭与电力能源消耗,并排放出大量温室气体。另外,作为保温材料,陶粒通常含有大量非闭合连通孔隙,致使吸水率过大,对混凝土拌合物工作性能与后期强度十分不利。因此,研制吸水率低、无水泥熟料的轻质免烧陶粒,在保障陶粒强度、密度和导热系数满足要求的同时,降低了能源消耗,保障了混凝土和易性与强度,具有经济效益和环保效益。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的上述不足,提供一种矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒及其制备方法,具有低吸水率无熟料免烧的特点,该陶粒以工业废渣为主要原材料,水玻璃作为激发剂与防水剂,兼具较好的强度与保温性能。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒,由高炉矿渣微粉88~92重量份、珍珠岩尾矿8~14重量份、水玻璃8~12重量份比例混合组成;所述水玻璃模数M=1~1.5。应用矿渣微粉作为胶凝材料,应用水玻璃作为生产陶粒的激发剂,应用珍珠岩尾矿作为陶粒轻集料,不应用水泥熟料,且免烧。
优选地,达到最佳性能时,矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒由高炉矿渣微粉88~90重量份、珍珠岩尾矿8~12重量份、水玻璃9~12重量份比例混合组成;所述水玻璃模数M=1~1.2。
所述水玻璃(硅酸钠)作为激发剂的模数在1~1.5之间,利用氢氧化钠调节水玻璃模数,使用碳酸钠、氟化钠、盐酸、氢氧化钠和指示剂可测出水玻璃模数。水玻璃模数小于1时,激发剂中虽能够保证碱含量充足,养护龄期较长后,可使矿渣微粉玻璃体充分被OH-分解发生水化反应,但强度增长较缓慢。而当水玻璃模数超过1.5后,虽然提供了足够多的[SiO4]4-,但OH-含量过少,不足以使矿渣微粉玻璃体全部溶解与水化完全,使得陶粒虽反应速度快但强度较低。水玻璃模数达到最佳时,激发剂不仅提供了充足的OH-,并且[SiO4]4-增多,可与矿渣微粉中Ca2+、Al3+等快速结合,形成凝胶,使陶粒能够快速获得足够强度。作为防水剂,水玻璃粘结力高,涂抹于陶粒外表面,具有优良的防水耐热防腐蚀效果。
所述珍珠岩尾矿是由珍珠岩加工过程中产生的剩余尾矿,经回收处理后,其粒径分布为40~325目,通过筛析仪85μm筛的筛余约为15%,密度约为1.7 g/cm3左右。使用珍珠岩尾矿可有效降低陶粒的堆积密度,降低陶粒导热系数。
粒化的高炉矿渣微粉是高炉炼铁生成的废渣经淬冷得到的粒状物,通过粉磨(未添加石膏等助磨剂),得到比表面积大于400kg/m3,活性满足S95级的矿渣微粉。由于矿渣微粉的分相玻璃体结构,使其具有较高的潜在活性,能被水玻璃等激发剂激发,生成水化硅酸钙等凝胶。
一种上述的矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤;
步骤1:将矿渣微粉与珍珠岩尾矿通过机械混合均匀,倒入成球机圆盘;
步骤2:在所需用水量中加入水玻璃作为激发剂,搅拌均匀,倒入成球机喷淋装置;
步骤3:调整成球机倾角45°,自动成球,挑拣所需粒径尺寸,进入养护室养护7天;
步骤4:干燥陶粒,涂抹模数为2.2的水玻璃,包裹陶粒表面,对陶粒烘干48h。
本发明的无熟料免烧陶粒与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
(1)产品原材料中除少量水玻璃外,其余均为工业废弃物,使用量高达88%~92%,具有保温、环保和安全的特点,属于绿色建筑材料。
(2)降低了陶粒吸水率,通常陶粒吸水率大于10%,本产品将陶粒吸水率降到5%以下,提高了其在混凝土中的工作性能,混凝土施工无需添加附加用水。
(3)产品采用免烧法,与其他同类免烧陶粒相比,能获得较高的早期强度,7天强度均大于6MPa,达到GB/T 17431.1-2010《轻集料及其试验方法 第1部分:轻集料》对高强轻粗集料的要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1:
按重量组份计算,本实施例无熟料免烧陶粒配方如下:
S95级矿渣微粉92份(比表面积404 kg/m3),珍珠岩尾矿10份(粒径范围在0.045~0.425mm之间),水玻璃8份(利用氢氧化钠调节模数为1.38)。
依照上述配方精确计量各种原料后,将矿渣微粉和珍珠岩尾矿在砂浆搅拌机中搅拌混合2min后,将混合料放入圆盘式成球机。用水量按照陶粒成型后表面光滑无裂痕或碎渣为准,水玻璃倒入所用水中搅拌均匀,将混合溶液倒入成球机喷淋装置内。调整成球机倾角为45°,启动成球机,成球后,将所需粒径挑出,放入标准养护室养护7天。取出陶粒,干燥,涂抹模数2.2的硅酸钠水玻璃,包裹陶粒表面,对陶粒烘干48h,即得到本发明目标产品。
陶粒吸水率为4.88%,小于5%,作为混凝土粗集料,在施工过程中,无需考虑附加用水量,陶粒也无需预湿处理。
实施例2:
S95级矿渣微粉88份(比表面积404 kg/m3),珍珠岩尾矿12份(粒径范围在0.045~0.425mm之间),水玻璃10份(利用氢氧化钠调节模数为1.06)。制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3:
S95级矿渣微粉90份(比表面积404 kg/m3),珍珠岩尾矿11份(粒径范围在0.045~0.425mm之间),水玻璃12份(利用氢氧化钠调节模数为1.42)。制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4:
S95级矿渣微粉89份(比表面积404 kg/m3),珍珠岩尾矿8份(粒径范围在0.045~0.425mm之间),水玻璃9份(利用氢氧化钠调节模数为1.17)。制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5:
S95级矿渣微粉91份(比表面积404 kg/m3),珍珠岩尾矿14份(粒径范围在0.045~0.425mm之间),水玻璃11份(利用氢氧化钠调节模数为1.23)。制备方法同实施例1。
为了进一步说明本发明的特点,下面通过相关的试验验证本发明矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒的各项性能。
依据《轻集料及其试验方法 第2部分:轻集料试验方法》(GB/T 17431.22010)相关试验方法测定陶粒筒压强度、堆积密度和24h吸水率;依据《轻骨料混凝土技术规程》(JGJ51-2002)进行LC30陶粒混凝土配合比设计;依据《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定-防护热板法》(GB/T 10294-2008)相关方法测定陶粒混凝土的导热系数,如表1所示。
表1 无熟料免烧陶粒性能综合表
以上就本发明较佳的实施例作了说明,但不能理解为是对权利要求的限制。本发明不仅局限于以上实施例,其具体参数允许有变化,凡在本发明独立要求的保护范围内所作的各种变化均在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒,其特征在于:由高炉矿渣微粉88~92重量份、珍珠岩尾矿8~14重量份、水玻璃8~12重量份比例混合组成;所述水玻璃模数M=1~1.5;应用矿渣微粉作为胶凝材料,应用水玻璃作为生产陶粒的激发剂,应用珍珠岩尾矿作为陶粒轻集料,不应用水泥熟料,且免烧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒,其特征在于:达到最佳性能时,由高炉矿渣微粉88~90重量份、珍珠岩尾矿8~12重量份、水玻璃9~12重量份比例混合组成;所述水玻璃模数M=1~1.2。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的矿渣微粉掺珍珠岩尾矿免烧陶粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;
步骤1:将矿渣微粉与珍珠岩尾矿通过机械混合均匀,倒入成球机圆盘;
步骤2:在所需用水量中加入水玻璃作为激发剂,搅拌均匀,倒入成球机喷淋装置;
步骤3:调整成球机倾角45°,自动成球,挑拣所需粒径尺寸,进入养护室养护7天;
步骤4:干燥陶粒,涂抹模数为2.2的水玻璃,包裹陶粒表面,对陶粒烘干48h。
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