CN107721112A - 城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统 - Google Patents
城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,包括污泥进料收储装置、烟气干化装置和泥气分离装置,泥气分离装置底部的污泥出口依次连接气流化气化炉、生物质气净化器、生物质气热风系统,生物质气热风系统与烟气干化装置的烟气入口连接;烟气干化装置干化后污泥进入泥气分离装置分离,分离后的污泥由气力输送设备输送至气流化气化炉内热解气化降解为灰渣和热解气,热解气进入生物质气热风系统,生物质气热风系统中高温热风输送至烟气干化装置。本发明将污泥气化产生的生物质气作为预干燥热源循环利用,气化后灰渣可作为水泥等建材添加剂,对污泥中有机质分解彻底,重金属转化为无机结合态,实现了污泥稳定化、无害化、资源化利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工、环保领域,更具体地说,涉及一种城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统。
背景技术
污泥是污水处理后的产物,不仅含水量高,易腐烂,有强烈臭味,并且含有大量病原菌、寄生虫卵以及铬、汞等重金属和二恶英等难以降解的有毒有害及致癌物质。污泥未经处理随意堆放,经过雨水的侵蚀和渗漏作用,极易对地下水、土壤等造成二次污染,直接危害人类身体健康。
污泥热解反应环境为无氧或者缺氧,其NOx、SOx和重金属等污染物的排放远远低于焚烧过程中的排放量,从热解可获得炭化物、焦油和燃气,他们具有较高的热值和利用价值。相比传统干燥焚烧具有碳排放量极低,相比厌氧和堆肥等土地利用工艺占地面积小、处置彻底,是解决污泥问题的重要发展方向。
目前污泥热解的工程应用集中在中高温热解炭化,在应用中存在能耗高导致运行成本高企,生物炭最终利用路径难以打通,存在结焦和堵塞等问题。而在热解气化中,污泥中的有机质彻底分解为生物质可燃气和无机灰渣,实现了污泥中的有机质及重金属的稳定化处置和污泥能源化利用。
目前污泥等有机固废热解多采用外热式回转式炉、固定床等常规设备,与脱水污泥灰分含量高、灰熔点低等特性不相匹配,气化得率低(<50%)气化不彻底,生物质气热值(一般为6~8MJ)低利用价值受限。因此,污泥气化炉如何有效提高热效率、提高气化得率和生物质气品质,降低运行成本及提高设备稳定性、可靠性是规模化工程应用的关键。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,污泥气化产生的生物质气作为预干燥热源循环利用,气化后灰渣可作为水泥等建材添加剂,对污泥中有机质分解彻底,重金属转化为无机结合态,实现了污泥稳定化、无害化、资源化利用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:构造一种城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,包括依次连接的污泥进料收储装置、烟气干化装置和泥气分离装置,所述泥气分离装置底部的污泥出口依次连接气流化气化炉、生物质气净化器、生物质气热风系统,所述生物质气热风系统与所述烟气干化装置的烟气入口连接;烟气干化装置干化后污泥进入泥气分离装置分离,分离后的污泥由气力输送设备输送至气流化气化炉内热解气化降解为灰渣和热解气,热解气经生物质气净化器进入生物质气热风系统,生物质气热风系统中生物质气燃烧产生高温热风输送至烟气干化装置。
上述方案中,所述泥气分离装置上部的烟气出口依次连接烟气余热回收利用装置、碱液洗涤塔、尾气净化除臭装置和烟囱。
上述方案中,所述气流化气化炉,包括炉体,所述炉体从下至上依次设置灰渣区、第一反应区和第二反应区,所述第一反应区设有添加料流化器和预干燥污泥进料口,所述预干燥污泥进料口位于添加料流化器上部,所述添加料流化器与流化风机连接,所述第二反应区包括外筒和内筒,所述内筒的上部为直板,下部为异波折板,所述第二反应区的顶部设有出气口,第一反应区的下部设有预留气化剂进口。
上述方案中,所述灰渣区的底部灰渣出口设有锁气阀。
上述方案中,所述炉体的筒壁采用保温材料,并内衬光滑的防腐材料。
上述方案中,所述第一反应区的下部设有多个助燃烧嘴。
上述方案中,所述第二反应区的外筒直径为第一反应区的1.2~1.4倍,所述第二反应区的高径比为2~4。
上述方案中,所述第二反应区的内筒直径为外筒直径的0.7~0.85,内筒上部与炉体顶板的间距为0.3~0.6倍外筒直径,内筒下部与第二反应区底部间距为0.3~0.4倍外筒直径。
上述方案中,所述异波折板的弯折角度为60°~90°。直板与异波折板的高度比为1:2~2:3。
实施本发明的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明通过系统优化组合,干燥和热解气化分段反应,便于工艺控制。热解气化产生的生物质气体通过热风系统为预干燥提供热量,能量梯度利用降低了系统能耗,可实现能量自持。
2、本发明热解气化相比碳化反应更彻底,气化后灰渣可作为水泥等建材制造的添加剂或掺加料,产业链清晰成熟。热解气化相比干化焚烧尾气洁净,无二噁英和飞灰问题,尾气处理流程简短。
3、本发明采用污泥低温烟气干化技术作为前段污泥干化核心设备,雾化干化效率高,时间短;干化段结合喷动床和流化床原理能有效控制干化后出料粒径2~4mm,有效提高了为后续碳化效率。
4、本发明污泥烟气干化后污泥经布袋除尘器分离后采用气力输送方式送入后续的气流化气化炉,相比传统的螺旋输送或带式输送方式,充分利用本发明干化后污泥的粒径特点,既节约了输送能耗,整个系统的气密性好,操作环境无臭味、粉尘外溢。
5、本发明采用烟气直接干燥余热回收利用方式相比采用余热锅炉形式,减少了中间环节的能量耗损和设备投资,系统简单可靠。系统占地面积仅为传统干化焚烧的1/2~2/3。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是本发明城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统的结构示意图;
图2是气流化气化炉的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示,本发明用于污泥烟气干化热解气化的系统包括污泥进料收储装置1、烟气干化装置2、泥气分离装置3、烟气余热回收利用装置4、气力输送设备5、气流化气化炉6、生物质气净化器7、生物质气热风系统8、碱液洗涤塔9、尾气净化除臭装置10、烟囱11。
污泥进料收储装置1由污泥接收仓、若干出料阀及计量螺旋组成,城市污泥采用密封式运输车或污泥泵输送至污泥进料收储装置中污泥接收仓中调节均衡后续系统流量,经污泥接收仓底部计量螺旋计量并输送至烟气干化装置;
烟气干化装置2包括干燥筒、离心式雾化盘、热风分布器、螺旋加料器和变速电机。本实施例中烟气干化装置2采用的是中国专利CN205115263U中公开的设备。污泥进料收储装置1输送来脱水污泥通过干化设备底部离心雾化器高速离心作用转化为小粒径雾化态,雾化后污泥与生物质气热风系统来余热烟气通过大比表面积的热质交换以及通过高速离心破壁作用,将污泥中的水分迅速蒸发带出;烟气干化装置2专门针对脱水污泥粘滞度高、传统回转式或间接换热式干化设备容易黏壁、堵塞、换热效率低等问题而开发的装置,通过高速离心雾化提高了污泥与高温烟气的接触比表面积,换热充分且时间仅需6S,整个干化系统占地面积小、工作效率高。
气流化气化炉6的炉体包括灰渣区605、第一反应区607、第二反应区的外筒608、第二反应区的内筒609、添加料流化器606、流化风机611、预干燥污泥进口603、预留气化剂进口601、助燃烧嘴602、预干燥污泥进口603、锁气阀604、出气口610。
其中气流化气化炉6分为灰渣区605、第一反应区607、第二反应区三个区域,筒壁采用保温材料,并内衬陶瓷或光滑的防腐材料,可有效防止设备的腐蚀,提高设备使用寿命。
第二反应区外筒608直径为第一反应区7直径的1.2~1.4倍,外筒608的高径比为2~4。内筒609直径为外筒8的0.7~0.85,内筒609上部与炉体顶板的间距为0.3~0.6倍外筒608的直径,内筒609下部与外筒608底部间距为0.3~0.4倍外筒608的直径。上述结构克服了随着气化进行,气化剂逐步消耗,气流化气化炉6内气流速度逐渐增大,导致未气化物料带出气流化气化炉6外的缺陷。
内筒609结构为上部为直板,下部为异波折板,异波折板的弯折角度为60°~90°,直板与异波折板高度比为1:2~2:3。通过内筒的折流作用,实现气流化气化炉6内循环,气化区域的气化剂、温度场分布均匀,提高了气化率。
第一反应区607的下部设有预留气化剂进口601,第一反应区607设有添加料流化器6和预干燥污泥进料口603,流化器配有流化风机611。预干燥污泥由气力输送设备预干燥污泥进料口603。添加料与预干燥污泥分层送入,避免了辅助添加料与污泥粒径、热值不同导致污泥闪燃,或者污泥焦化结团等多物料协同气化问题。预干燥污泥进料口603位于添加料流化器606上部。送入上述结构通过高压气流将添加料送入添加料流化器606,经过添加料流化器606内离心和重力作用送入气流化气化炉6内,形成气流化条件,气化反应接触面积是常规固定床的数倍,气化反应迅速、彻底,气化产生的水蒸气产生自催化作用,形成空气与水蒸气协同气化环境,提高了燃气热值。
第一反应区7下部均匀布置2助燃烧嘴若干,采用对称均衡布置,用于启动阶段的气流化气化炉6预热和运行初期助燃。烧嘴可根据物料热值情况控制启动数量。避免了现有单一烧嘴导致受热不均衡,气化炉内温度场难以控制的问题。
气化后生物质气由顶部出气口10送入脱水等净化单元处理后作为预干燥热源。
气流化气化炉6排渣为间歇排放方式,气化后灰渣存于灰渣区605,经输渣机送入后续灰渣利用环节。灰渣区605下部设置锁气阀604,避免排渣期间气化炉内气体外溢。
干化后污泥由气力输送设备5输送至气流化气化炉6内热解气化降解为灰渣和热解气,气化后灰渣看用于水泥添加剂或掺加料,其理化性质和粉煤灰相近。也可作为路基材料等建材利用途径。热解气经生物质气净化器7进入生物质气热风系统8中作为生物质气产生高温热风用于烟气干化装置2的热源。采用气流化气化炉6,利用了烟气干化装置2干化后污泥粒径小采用气力输送方式的形成的气流化状态,气流化气化炉6添加料采用流化器流化,并预干燥污泥和添加料分区进入反应区,解决了辅助添加料与污泥粒径、热值不同导致污泥闪燃,或者污泥焦化结团,实现了协同效应。该气流化气化炉6,气化得率相比常规固定床气化炉提高20~30%。气化产气热值可达到12~15MJ,提高了生物质气利用价值。
烟气干化装置2产生的尾气进入尾气净化除臭装置10,经泥气分离装置3将干燥后污泥细粉和尾气分离后送入烟气余热回收利用装置4,烟气余热回收利用装置4采用翘片强化空气对流换热结构,预热后空气送入热风系统助燃热解气及辅助燃料,相比水冷却方式实现了能量的梯度利用。
经余热回收后烟气经碱液洗涤塔9进一步冷却和净化处理,也可根据情况投加氧化剂,净化后尾气进入尾气净化除臭装置10,尾气净化除臭装置采用UV光电除臭与活性炭催化吸附塔结合的处理工艺,处理达标后烟气经烟囱11有组织排放。
实施例2:
某污水厂脱水污泥含水率80%50吨/天,采用干泥泵送入污泥进料收储装置1,进入烟气干化装置2进行干化,将含水率降低至20~40%,减量为12.5~16.67吨。干化后污泥经气力输送设备5送入气流化气化炉6,热解反应温度为700~1000℃,经热解反应产生4.5~5.2吨灰渣和热解气,灰渣送入灰渣仓后外运输送到后续资源化利用环节,热解气经生物质气净化器7净化后送入生物质气热风系统8产生高温烟气作为烟气干化装置2的干燥热源。
本发明中烟气干化装置中尾气经碱液喷淋吸收、UV光电除臭、活性炭催化吸附等尾气净化除臭装置10处理达标后由烟囱排放。
本发明采用尾气余热预热生物质热风炉助燃空气,实现了能量的梯度利用,相比采用余热锅炉制蒸汽方式减少了中间环节的能量耗损,烟气干化装置采用高速离心雾化相比传统螺旋搅拌方式运行故障率低,整个工艺电耗40~55Kw/吨湿污泥含水率80%,生物质消耗75~90kg/吨湿污泥或标煤消耗40~50kg/吨湿污泥。相比热解炭化电耗75~80Kw/吨湿污泥,燃气消耗70~75Nm3/吨湿污泥或煤耗57~62kg/吨湿污泥,直接运行成本减低15~20%。相比干化焚烧工艺电耗90~120Kw/吨湿污泥,煤耗70~80kg/吨湿污泥,直接运行成本降低30%以上。
本发明系统占地面积1100㎡,单位污泥占地面积仅为22m2/吨湿污泥,可以利用污水厂内空闲用地布置,减少了传统污泥集中处置方式的运输成本,既适合小规模污水厂厂内分散处置,也适宜于大中型城市污水厂减少污泥处理处置单元。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多形式,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,包括依次连接的污泥进料收储装置、烟气干化装置和泥气分离装置,其特征在于,所述泥气分离装置底部的污泥出口依次连接气流化气化炉、生物质气净化器、生物质气热风系统,所述生物质气热风系统与所述烟气干化装置的烟气入口连接;
烟气干化装置干化后污泥进入泥气分离装置分离,分离后的污泥由气力输送设备输送至气流化气化炉内热解气化降解为灰渣和热解气,热解气经生物质气净化器进入生物质气热风系统,生物质气热风系统中生物质气燃烧产生高温热风输送至烟气干化装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述泥气分离装置上部的烟气出口依次连接烟气余热回收利用装置、碱液洗涤塔、尾气净化除臭装置和烟囱。
3.根据权利要求1所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述气流化气化炉,包括炉体,所述炉体从下至上依次设置灰渣区、第一反应区和第二反应区,所述第一反应区设有添加料流化器和预干燥污泥进料口,所述预干燥污泥进料口位于添加料流化器上部,所述添加料流化器与流化风机连接,所述第二反应区包括外筒和内筒,所述内筒的上部为直板,下部为异波折板,所述第二反应区的顶部设有出气口,第一反应区的下部设有预留气化剂进口。
4.根据权利要求3所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述灰渣区的底部灰渣出口设有锁气阀。
5.根据权利要求3所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述炉体的筒壁采用保温材料,并内衬光滑的防腐材料。
6.根据权利要求3所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述第一反应区的下部设有多个助燃烧嘴。
7.根据权利要求3所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述第二反应区的外筒直径为第一反应区的1.2~1.4倍,所述第二反应区的高径比为2~4。
8.根据权利要求3所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述第二反应区的内筒直径为外筒直径的0.7~0.85,内筒上部与炉体顶板的间距为0.3~0.6倍外筒直径,内筒下部与第二反应区底部间距为0.3~0.4倍外筒直径。
9.根据权利要求3所述的城市污泥干化热解气化自持焚烧系统,其特征在于,所述异波折板的弯折角度为60°~90°。直板与异波折板的高度比为1:2~2:3。
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