CN107719146B - 车辆驱动部 - Google Patents

车辆驱动部 Download PDF

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CN107719146B
CN107719146B CN201710679881.8A CN201710679881A CN107719146B CN 107719146 B CN107719146 B CN 107719146B CN 201710679881 A CN201710679881 A CN 201710679881A CN 107719146 B CN107719146 B CN 107719146B
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A.莱姆克
J.考夫曼
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种车辆驱动部(1)，其包括至少一个电机(2)和电气储能器，其构造成Li离子电池(3)，其中，车辆驱动部(1)构造成，使得电机(2)不仅可发动机式地运行并且可发电机式地运行，以便于施加再生的制动力矩，其中，Li离子电池(3)关联有下极限值SOCg,u和上极限值SOCg,o，其中，上极限值SOCg,u小于充电状态100%而下极限值SOCg,u大于充电状态0%，其中，控制设备(8)监控Li离子电池(3)的充电状态，车辆驱动部(1)构造成，使得在再生的制动的情况中将Li离子电池(3)充电直至100%的充电状态。

Description

车辆驱动部
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆驱动部，其包括至少一个电机和构造成Li离子电池的电能存储器。
背景技术
已知不同的包括至少一个电机和电能存储器的车辆驱动部。车辆驱动部在此可构造成电驱动部或混合动力驱动部。在串联式混合动力车辆(Serien-Hybridfahrzeug)的情况中始终经由选择性地由内燃机或电能存储器供给的电机来实现驱动。相反地在并联式混合动力驱动部的情况中，可通过内燃机和/或电机来实现驱动。
大多使用Li离子电池来作为用于电气牵引电网的储能器。在此已知的是，鉴于Li离子电池的使用寿命，使其在整个充电状态范围上运行是苛刻的。
例如在文献DE 10 2012 003 046 A1中提出，将Li离子电池的充电状态保持在充电状态为50-55%的下极限状态与充电状态为大约75-80%的上极限值之间，其中，“100%”相应于完全充电(SOC=100%；充电状态)。在此，印刷文献进一步公开，环境相关地可有利的是，将电池仍充电到100%或90-95%，以便于例如获得相应的有效范围。在这种情况中提出，将充电过程在充电站分段，其中，在第一步骤中在极限值以内充电而在行驶开始之前短暂时间内才实现完全充电，以便于仅短暂地保持在使用寿命苛刻的上极限值以上。
由文献DE 10 2012 212 869 A1已知一种用于控制牵引用电池的充电状态的方法。在此，例如构造成Li锂电池的牵引用电池关联有下软极限和上软极限。此外，电池关联有硬下极限和硬上极限，其中，软和硬极限还可相遇。在此说明，硬上极限例如可以是80-85%的充电状态。硬下极限例如为25%。软上极限例如为75%。此外提出，充电事件和/或放电事件通过软极限来限制，其中，通过再生制动的充电不通过软极限来限制而是通过硬上极限来限制。
发明内容
本发明所基于的技术问题是，鉴于电池的使用寿命和能效来改善车辆驱动部。
该技术问题的解决方案通过一种车辆驱动部实现，该车辆驱动部包括至少一个电机和电能存储器，所述电能存储器构造成Li离子电池，其中所述车辆驱动部构造成，使得所述电机不仅能发动机式地运行而且还能发电机式的运行，以便于施加再生制动力矩，其中所述Li离子电池关联有下极限值SOCg,u和上极限值SOCg,o，其中所述上极限值SOCg,o小于充电状态100%而所述下极限值SOCg,u大于充电状态0%，其中控制设备监控所述Li离子电池的充电状态，其中所述车辆驱动部构造成，使得在再生制动的情况中，将所述Li离子电池充电直至100%的充电状态。
车辆驱动部包括至少一个电机和构造成Li离子电池的电能存储器。在此，车辆驱动部构造成，使得电机不仅可发动机式地运行而且可发电机式地运行，以便于施加再生制动力矩。在此，Li锂电池关联有下极限值和上极限值，其中，上极限值小于100%的充电状态(SOC=100%)而下极限值大于0%的充电状态，其中，控制设备监控Li离子电池的充电状态。在此，车辆驱动部构造成，在再生制动的情况中，将Li离子电池充电至100%的充电状态。由此有效地回收制动能，其中，基于短暂的超出，可忽略使用寿命损害。
Li离子电池理解成基于在电化学电池单元的所有三个阶段中的锂连接的蓄电池。
在一实施形式中，仅在再生制动的情况中超过上极限值，其中相反地，在另外的外部充电过程的情况中不能超出上极限值。
在另一实施形式中，充电状态的下极限值位于5%至25%之间且/或充电状态的上极限值位于40%至60%之间。此外优选的是，下极限值位于15%至20%之间且/或上极限值位于45%至55%之间。
在另一实施形式中，充电状态的下极限值为15%且/或充电状态的上极限值为50%。这在使用寿命方面被证实为尤其合适的范围窗。因此该上极限值保持远低于现有技术中已知的上极限值，这在使用寿命方面是非常正面地引人关注的。
在另一实施形式中，总容量和上极限值设计成，使得Li离子电池可完全容纳持续制动功能的再生制动能。在此持续制动功能理解成，可使得至少一个完全充电的车辆在6km的路段和7%的斜度上保持行驶速度为30km/h。
在另一实施形式中，车辆驱动部具有用于驱动部的基本负荷的电能发生器。优点是，电能发生器可在优化的工作范围中运行，其中，仅覆盖来自Li离子电池的负荷峰值，从而较少的上极限值也不会提出有效范围问题。
在另一实施形式中，电能发生器是燃料电池单元(必要时带有DC/DC变压器)或内燃发动机式地驱动的发电机。
在另一实施形式中，车辆驱动部构造成，在带有上极限值以上的充电状态的再生充电过程之后设定一种运行策略来使Li离子电池的充电状态下降到上极限值以下。由此主动地使在其中Li离子电池处于使用寿命未最优化的充电状态中的时间段最小化。
在另一实施形式中，行驶驱动部构造成，使得电能发生器被关停并且Li离子电池承担电机的电能供给。
备选地或但是附加地，可激活耗电器、例如暖气装置或空调设备，以便于降低充电状态。
附图说明
接下来根据优选的实施例详细阐述本发明。唯一的附图显示了车辆驱动部的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
车辆驱动部1包括电机2，其与车辆的轮子10相联接，以便于以发动机式的运行来驱动这些轮子或者以便于以再生的制动运行来驱动这些轮子。此外，车辆驱动部包括Li离子电池3、功率电子装置4、带有内燃机7和发电机6的电能发生器5、控制设备8以及控制内燃机7的控制设备9。
内燃机7与发电机6相连接并且将其驱动，由此发电机6产生电气电压。该电压经由功率电子装置4被处理成用于电机2的驱动电压。功率电子装置4此外与Li离子电池3相连接，其被控制设备8监控。Li离子电池3关联有充电状态的下极限值SOCg,u和上极限值SOCg,o。下极限值SOCg,u例如位于完全充电(=100%)的15%或20%，而上极限值SOCg,o为50%。控制设备8还控制功率电子装置4和至少一个相对于直接与Li离子电池3相连接的消耗器12的开关11，消耗器例如构造成空调设备或暖气装置。在此，Li离子电池3优选地还用于启动内燃机7。此外，功率电子装置4具有充电联接部13，经由其可由外部充电站使Li离子电池3充电。在此，控制设备8防止可使Li离子电池3充电超过上极限值SOCg,o。
在行驶运行中，发电机6为电机2提供用于基本负荷的电能，其中，为此鉴于有效度以最优化的工作点来运行内燃机7和发电机6。通过Li离子电池3来提供基本负荷以上的附加的能量(例如在加速过程的情况中)。此外，当应远低于基本负荷地运行电机时，Li离子电池3提供用于电机2的能量(例如非常缓慢的行驶)。在该情况中，能量有效的是，关停内燃机7和发电机6。在此，使Li离子电池3保持在其在SOCg,u和SOCg.o之间的使用寿命优化的SOC范围中，其中，必要时在行驶运行期间可通过发电机6经由功率电子装置使Li离子电池3再充电。
在再生制动的情况中，发动机式地运行电机2并且由控制设备8如此操控功率电子装置4，即，使得Li离子电池3充电。在此，对于该情况而言，上极限值SOCg,o被置于无效并且使Li离子电池充电至100%。在此，Li离子电池3的总容量如此来尺寸化，即，使得50%储藏量直至100%储藏量大地来足以容纳在持续制动功能的情况中总共积累的能量。于是，紧接着例如通过仅由Li离子电池3来施加用于行驶运行(电机2的发动机式的运行)的总的电能，来适宜地降低Li离子电池3的SOC。备选地或附加地，关闭开关11并且将电能输送给耗电器12。
由此快速地使得Li离子电池3仅保持在使用寿命优化的SOC范围内，该SOC范围仅被短暂地超过，其中，在没有欧姆消耗器的情况下同时确保持续制动功能。

Claims (9)

1.一种车辆驱动部(1)，其包括至少一个电机(2)和电能存储器，所述电能存储器构造成Li离子电池(3)，其中，所述车辆驱动部(1)构造成，使得所述电机(2)不仅能发动机式地运行而且还能发电机式地运行，以便于施加再生制动力矩，其中，所述Li离子电池(3)关联有下极限值SOCg,u和上极限值SOCg,o，其中，所述上极限值SOCg,o小于充电状态100%而所述下极限值SOCg,u大于充电状态0%，其中，控制设备(8)监控所述Li离子电池(3)的充电状态，其特征在于，所述车辆驱动部(1)构造成，使得在再生制动的情况中，将所述Li离子电池(3)充电直至100%的充电状态，其中所述车辆驱动部(1)构造成，在带有所述上极限值SOCg,o以上的充电状态的再生充电过程之后设定一种运行策略来使所述Li离子电池(3)的充电状态下降到所述上极限值SOCg,o以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，仅在所述再生制动的情况中超过所述上极限值SOCg,o。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，所述充电状态的下极限值SOCg,u位于5%至25%之间且/或所述充电状态的上极限值SOCg,o位于40%至60%之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，所述充电状态的下极限值SOCg,u为15%且/或所述充电状态的上极限值SOCg,o为50%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，总容量和所述上极限值SOCg,o设计成，所述Li离子电池(3)能完全容纳持续制动功能的再生制动能。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，所述车辆驱动部(1)具有用于所述驱动部的基本负荷的电能发生器(5)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，所述电能发生器(5)是燃料电池单元或燃烧发动机式地驱动的发电机(6)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，所述车辆驱动部(1)构造成，使得所述电能发生器(5)被关停并且Li离子电池(3)承担所述电机(2)的电能供给。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆驱动部，其特征在于，所述车辆驱动部(1)构造成，使得耗电器(12)被激活。
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