CN107711402A - A kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose - Google Patents
A kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose Download PDFInfo
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- CN107711402A CN107711402A CN201710970292.5A CN201710970292A CN107711402A CN 107711402 A CN107711402 A CN 107711402A CN 201710970292 A CN201710970292 A CN 201710970292A CN 107711402 A CN107711402 A CN 107711402A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
Abstract
The present invention relates to ecological environment, more particularly to a kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose.It is complete that structure of community is built with quick, low cost, species diversity is enriched, later stage follows " few labor management type " landscape region of Natural Circulation rule, it can to allow people to get close to green and naturally, give full play to the phytobiocoenose ecological health care function facilitation physically and mentally healthy to the people；With energy-saving and emission-reduction, beautify the environment as functional objective, emphasize the integrated application of afforestation ecological technique, propose the concept of " close-nature plant landscape planning and designing ", further develop from the angle of Garden Greenland ecological functions and the perfect concept of afforestation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological environment, more particularly to a kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose.
Background technology
《The new urbanization planning (2014-2020) of country》In point out, China's urbanization be have a large population, resource it is relative
Shortage, ecological environment is more fragile, promotes under the uneven in development background in urban and rural areas, which dictates that China must comply with city
The town rule of development, walk the new path to urbanization of distinct Chinese characteristics.New urbanization is mutual with urban-rural, Urban-rural integrated, industry
The urbanization that dynamic, saving and intensive use, ecology are livable, harmonious development is essential characteristic, is big-and-middle small city, samll cities and towns, new village
Community's coordinated development, mutually promote the urbanization entered altogether.With the quickening of China's Development of China's Urbanization, urban population and resource, environment it
Between contradiction increasingly show especially, as uniquely having lived infrastructure in cities and towns, Garden Greenland is flourished.Particularly
Resource-conserving and environment-friendly society is made now, is promoted a conservation culture under beautiful Chinese background, people are to Garden Greenland
Unprecedented enthusiasm is shown, and puts into substantial amounts of man power and material, Garden Greenland construction achieves significant achievement.
However, the phenomenon of some anti-natural, non-sustainable developments present in Garden Greenland construction also quietly occurs, such as mistake
Pursuit bearty in form, blind import exotic tree species, " lawn heat ", " Big tree transplanting heat ", floristics dullness, community collocation is divided not to conform to
Reason, Green Space Maintenance manage not in place etc..A variety of anti-naturally Development of Garden Greenland phenomenons are that mankind's Garden Greenland is multi-functional above
The understanding deviation of benefit, and the result of the error in Garden Greenland Construction Practice, significantly impact sustainable development.
The fundamental realities of the country and developing state in China are made a general survey of, first, populous, per capita land resource quantity is few, second,
Spatial spread, land used are particularly thorny, third, ecological environment problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, environmental bearing capacity faces severe situation.For
These features, it is necessary to which the subject matter solved is in garden and park plan designs and builds：First, how in limited soil
In ground space, while Garden Greenland recreation function and Function of Landscaping is lifted, the Ecosystem Service of maximum is obtained, is carried
For basic ecological safety guarantee；Second, how to increase the diversity and region of landscape, improve greenery patches bio-diversity and
Biocenological stability；3rd, how to reduce the construction cost and maintenance cost in unit area greenery patches；4th, how to press close to
Naturally, how greenery patches meets that crowd gets close to green and natural spirit and psychological needs.In this context, research composition rationally,
The theory and method of the significant Study On The Garden And Park System construction of scientific structure, function, it is near so as to instruct to build suitable Garden Greenland
Natural plants landscape has important practical significance.
Chinese patent CN103597980A discloses a kind of health care landscape ecology structure of community layout type method, with U.S.
, medical medicine and environmental psychology pass through the utilization of biological control measure, healthcare plant, landscape construction essay etc. to instruct
To build the sightseeing gardens with health-care effect.
Chinese patent CN102742485A discloses a kind of method for building subtropical zone city close-to-natural management, utilizes different age
Cladding fallen leaves-evergreen broad-leaf plants are mixed to be handed over, the landscape of rapid build subtropical zone city close-to-natural management.
Chinese patent CN101532279 discloses a kind of side for building subtropical zone urban landscape type highway noise isolation woods
Method, the mixed friendship tight type forest belt of cladding that " evergreen-Se Ye-fragrance " is combined, to being made an uproar caused by the municipal highway line source of subtropical zone
Sound plays a part of decay.But above-mentioned patent realizes the ecology and healthcare function in gardens by building phytobiocoenose, stress specific
The minute yardstick of seeds, material requested is complicated, and structure difficulty is big；Or for the purpose of urban ecology is repaired, phytobiocoenose is not considered
Natural Circulation rule and few labor management.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to excessive in order to solve existing garden landscape human intervention, cost is too high, landscape design not
The defects of enough specifications and a kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose is provided, there is quick, low cost to build group's knot
Structure is complete, and species diversity is enriched, and the later stage follows " few labor management type " landscape region of Natural Circulation rule, can to allow
People get close to green and naturally, give full play to the phytobiocoenose ecological health care function facilitation physically and mentally healthy to the people；
Reducing the construction costs and maintenance cost simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose, the landscape construction method comprise the following steps：
A) activety fault：Investigate and analyse landscape location soil, weather, existing Garden Plant Community and wild plant group
Fall, it is determined that needing the ecological characteristic of plant species screened；
B) plant species screen：According to the factor of the habitat including edaphic factor, landscape location topography and geomorphology and including region
The overall situation factor including weather meteorology, it is determined that be adapted to growing plants species, ensure the localization of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose with
Variation；C) division in phytobiocoenose region：Landscape green space is divided into old Healthful plants group, young and middle-aged Healthful plants group
With children's Healthful plants group；
D) layers coordination of phytobiocoenose：The upper strata plantation seedling age 6-7 of flat type landscape green space deciduous tree and seedling age 3-4
The compound mixed forest of the aiphyllium structure in year, middle level is shrub, and lower floor is draft；The hillside fields of hills type landscape green space is Qiao
Wood, shrub, the collocation of three layers of draft, arranged in pairs or groups for two layers for dungarunga and draft in slope, hills top is arranged in pairs or groups for two layers for shrub and draft；
E) different zones phytobiocoenose colour match：Children playing space plants phytobiocoenose lucuriant in design；Old behaviour area kind
Plant evergreen, spread-type phytobiocoenose；Plant lucuriant in design and ornamental strong phytobiocoenose in morning exercises Leisure Tour area；
F) post-service.
The present invention is theoretical according to forestry " near-nature forestry ".The theory is a kind of natural process rule, makes full use of nature
Comprehensive Productivity carry out the thought of forest, there is important reference to Garden Plant Landscape planning and designing.With reference to " near
The core concept of natural forestry ", " design of near-nature forest Botanical Landscape Plan " can be expressed as, with the ecological succession of community and top
The basic theories of level group is foundation, selection indigenous tree, i.e., main tall, the shrub species in local natural vegetation, using " mould
The technology and method of plan nature ", by manually building the perfect adaptation with growing naturally, build to work as unconventional, low cost
Ground Potential vegetation type is target, and structure of community is complete, species diversity is abundant, biomass is high, the state that tends towards stability, later stage are complete
" low-maintenance " to follow the course of nature entirely even " exempts to conserve " greenery patches.It is a kind of new reason of Garden Greenland construction and revegetation
Thought and new technology.Compared in general greenbelt plants landscape, it has following intension and feature：(1) build low with maintenance cost；
(2) rich biodiversity；(3) ecological benefits are high；(4) ecosystem is stable；(5) feature of local culture is notable.
Preferably, in young and middle-aged Healthful plants group, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 1:2.
Preferably, in children's Healthful plants group, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 1:1.
Preferably, in old Healthful plants group, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 2:3.
Preferably, the deciduous tree includes Aceraceae, Fagaceae, Simarubaceae, Magnoliaceae, the rose family, Sterculiaceae, birch
Ochnaceae, Ginkgoaceae or Scrophulariaceae；The aiphyllium includes Aquifoliaceae, Lauraceae, Elaeocarpaceae and grass family.
Preferably, the shrub includes Calycanthaceae, pittosporum tobira section, Celastraceae, Hypericaceae or Cornaceae.
Preferably, the rose family is Flowering Cherry Cultivars, the high cherry category kind of ornamental value is introduced.
Preferably, children's Healthful plants group and lower floor of old Healthful plants group plantation gold leaf metasequoia, red autumnal leaves Malus spectabilis,
The red smoke tree of purple leaf, purple hinge are joyous, gold leaf Luan Shu, red autumnal leaves crape myrtle, red autumnal leaves cercis, Prunus cistena, one kind or more in purple leaf amur minebark
Kind.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) present invention with energy-saving and emission-reduction, beautify the environment as functional objective, emphasize the integrated application of afforestation ecological technique, in advance
Phase achievement in research generally reaches advanced international level, meets China's ecology, the needs of saving landscape Green Space Construction.Due to
It is the ground in China that China's Landscape Plant Resources have unique status and advantage, plant resources of the present invention in the world
Band property plant, it may have competitiveness, particularly with the near-nature forest Garden Plant Landscape for promoting China's structure that there is regional feature
Act on huge.
(2) concept of " close-nature plant landscape planning and designing " is proposed, is entered from the angle of Garden Greenland ecological functions
One step develops and the perfect concept of afforestation, and near-nature forest Garden Plant Community is supported with the concept of the Climat forest
Intension, illustrate " near-nature forest phytobiocoenose " be simulation " the Climat forest ", with " potential natural vegetation " for target；It is proposed near
The basic theory system of natural Garden Plant Landscape planning and designing, this in Landscape archi-tect for Garden Plant Landscape to planning
Pioneering and basic effect is played in the further investigation of design.
(3) the advanced example of afforestation in China's difference zonality afforested areas is selected, carries out region near-nature forest gardens
Botanical Landscape Plan design studies, achievement in research application can cover China's most areas, and radiation exemplary role is very
Substantially.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
A kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose, the landscape construction method comprise the following steps：
A) activety fault：Investigate and analyse landscape location soil, weather, existing Garden Plant Community and wild plant group
Fall, it is determined that needing the ecological characteristic of plant species screened；
B) plant species screen：According to the factor of the habitat including edaphic factor, landscape location topography and geomorphology and including region
The overall situation factor including weather meteorology, it is determined that be adapted to growing plants species, ensure the localization of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose with
Variation；
C) division in phytobiocoenose region：Landscape green space be divided into old Healthful plants group, young and middle-aged Healthful plants group with
Children's Healthful plants group；In young and middle-aged Healthful plants group, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 1:2；In children
In Healthful plants group, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 1:1；In old Healthful plants group, deciduous tree with
The ratio of aiphyllium is 2:3；
D) layers coordination of phytobiocoenose：The upper strata plantation seedling age 6-7 of flat type landscape green space deciduous tree and seedling age 3-4
The compound mixed forest of the aiphyllium structure in year, middle level is shrub, and lower floor is draft；The hillside fields of hills type landscape green space is Qiao
Wood, shrub, the collocation of three layers of draft, arranged in pairs or groups for two layers for dungarunga and draft in slope, hills top is arranged in pairs or groups for two layers for shrub and draft；
E) different zones phytobiocoenose colour match：Children playing space plants phytobiocoenose lucuriant in design；Old behaviour area kind
Plant evergreen, spread-type phytobiocoenose；Plant lucuriant in design and ornamental strong phytobiocoenose in morning exercises Leisure Tour area；
F) post-service.
The deciduous tree includes Aceraceae, Fagaceae, Simarubaceae, Magnoliaceae, the rose family, Sterculiaceae, Betulaceae, ginkgo
Section or Scrophulariaceae, may be selected Chinese parasol tree, ginkgo, sweetgum, Quercus acutissima, Chinese pistache, Liriodendron, oriental white oak, the Japanese late cherry tamed or
One or more in the early cherry of Japan, Piao Shu, Mount Huang Luan Shu, yellow wingceltis；The aiphyllium includes Aquifoliaceae, Lauraceae, Elaeocarpaceae
With grass family, the one or more in cinnamomum camphora, masson pine, glossy privet, Qinggang, palm, nanmu, Chinese ilex, mao bamboon, Elaeocarpus decipiens may be selected.
It may be selected more than height 8-20 rice, plant spacing-controllable system is in 3-8 rice, the trees in diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 6.1-8.0 sections.
The shrub includes Calycanthaceae, pittosporum tobira section, Celastraceae, Hypericaceae or Cornaceae.Hypericum Chinense, Du may be selected
Cuckoo, nandina, Caulis Hederae Sinensis, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, Canna generalis, fringed iris, winged euonymus, spill golden coral, honeysuckle, safflower drink slurry grass,
One or more in dewdrop grass, pink reineckea herb.
The rose family is Flowering Cherry Cultivars, introduces the high cherry category kind of ornamental value.
Children's Healthful plants group and lower floor of old Healthful plants group plantation gold leaf metasequoia, red autumnal leaves Malus spectabilis, the red smoke tree of purple leaf,
Purple hinge is joyous, gold leaf Luan Shu, red autumnal leaves crape myrtle, red autumnal leaves cercis, Prunus cistena, the one or more in purple leaf amur minebark.
During transplanting, mixed-matrix parcel root system is used after plant is taken；The mixed-matrix count in parts by weight including
Following components：50-60 parts fertile soil, 20-30 parts waste incineration slag, the expanded cow dung of 20-30 parts, 10-15 parts wormcast, 30-
45 parts of waste mushroom sticks, 1-3 part ABT root-inducing powders, 5-10 parts perlite, 10-15 parts water-loss reducer, 3-5 parts tiny balloon, 1-3 part naphthalene second
Sour sodium, 2-3 parts green particle slow release fertilizer difficult to understand and 5-10 part monkey grasses.
Water-loss reducer includes different Vc sodium, D-sorbite, conjugated linoleic acid glyceride and silkworm chrysalis oil, different Vc sodium, D-sorbite, is total to
The mass ratio of conjugated linoleic acid glyceride and silkworm chrysalis oil is 3:4:5:2.
The present invention also has following purpose and meaning：
1. improve bio-diversity
It is the plant variation of purebred woods, the broad-leaf forest of coniferous forest that the landscape of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose, which sets up a main process,
Change process.In this course, diversified living environment is also provided for animal, adds bio-diversity so that be whole
The forest zone prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control tends to biological control, accomplishes to protect a forest with woods, that insect pest deforestation phenomenon caused by single forest stand
It is expected to be prevented.Simultaneously in building process, also especially pay attention to local indigenous plant development, the protection of rare plant.
2. it is qualitative to strengthen ecological fringe
The landscape of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose is set up while upper layer trees are transformed, and also relates to middle lower floor dungarunga with shrub
The transformation of quilt, plant level enrich, and mutually mutually Seepage forms the stable ecosystem, Landscape Region vegetation water and soil to plant thing at all levels thoroughly
Keep, purification air, regulate the climate, prevent nuisance case from the ecological functions such as penetrating and will say beneficial enhancing.
3. enriched environment aesthetic property
Because floristics is single, stand structure is single, and plant Four seasons change lacks, and degree of viewing and admiring is low, near-nature forest phytobiocoenose
Landscape is set up has perfumed flowers by the changeable plants landscape of the stand conversion horn of plenty of dullness, spring, and there is verdant forest in the summer, and there is spot in the autumn
Fill color leaves, winter have lonely branch solely proud.Also produce benign linchpin to surrounding enviroment simultaneously to penetrate, improve Regional Landscape value.
4. promote comprehensive benefit
By the transformation to existing poorly efficient Timber stands, open up sight with reference to tourism and see flower, light orchard, bamboo Dream gardens etc., economic benefit
Combine with Plant landscape creation.Simultaneously by transformation and optimization environment after, promote a tourist business, can create more jobs, promote
Local economic development.Therefore, it is intended that the weight that more practitioners are transformed mountain city city mountain region forest form in park can be caused by invention
Regard and provide some references as later project.
The present invention is analyzed the theoretical foundation of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose first, mainly landscape ecology and imitative nature
The artificial plant of group makes scape theory.Wherein landscape ecology is that the angle seen from method is gone to treat city mountain region garden plants and made
Scape, help to analyze each factor of mountain region transformation of forest phase dialectically, its main factor has patch, gallery and base, and this is right
The overall keynote and landscape homophony extraction of mountain region plant is very important.
Secondly artificial plant of imitative natural community make scape theory be from microcosmic angle go to analyze mountain region plant transformation of forest phase with
Plant landscaping.To go to treat with natural attitude from this theory naturally, simulate natural Community characteristics, structure, appearance,
The special corresponding feature that influence and plant of the environmental factor to plant are formed is analyzed, plant landscaping is seizing the individual of plant
Also to meet plant habit while U.S., integrated beauty, figure beauty, can so be shot the arrow at the target among the passage of time, suitable
Appropriate plant is planted in the environment of, is avoided because growing environment discomfort causes planting to fail, plant landscaping failure.
Characteristic landscape is the Main Factors that the present invention distinguishes sundry item, is generally embodied with the leaf color of plant, flowers and fruits etc..
By showing based on the Forming Autumn-color Leaf landscape of sweetgum, the distinctive plants landscape of tool, sweetgum and horse have been built supplemented by oriental cherry theme woods
Tail pine mixed planting, meets plant ecological habit；Oriental cherry theme meets civic hobby using original plant simultaneously, it is preliminary obtain into
Work(.
Scape theory is made with reference to the principle of landscape ecology and the artificial plant of imitative natural community, is ensuring the bar of Ecological Stabilization
Under part, plant aesthetics is maximally utilised to adjust Tree Structure, landscape effect, develops the colorful one landscape that has levels, and
It will apply a theory to practice.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose, it is characterised in that the landscape construction method includes following step
Suddenly：
A) activety fault：Investigate and analyse landscape location soil, weather, existing Garden Plant Community and wild plant group
Fall, it is determined that needing the ecological characteristic of plant species screened；
B) plant species screen：According to the factor of the habitat including edaphic factor, landscape location topography and geomorphology and including region
The overall situation factor including weather meteorology, it is determined that be adapted to growing plants species, ensure the localization of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose with
Variation；
C) division in phytobiocoenose region：Landscape green space be divided into old Healthful plants group, young and middle-aged Healthful plants group with
Children's Healthful plants group；
D) layers coordination of phytobiocoenose：The upper strata plantation seedling age 6-7 of flat type landscape green space deciduous tree and seedling age 3-4
The compound mixed forest of the aiphyllium structure in year, middle level is shrub, and lower floor is draft；The hillside fields of hills type landscape green space is Qiao
Wood, shrub, the collocation of three layers of draft, arranged in pairs or groups for two layers for dungarunga and draft in slope, hills top is arranged in pairs or groups for two layers for shrub and draft；
E) different zones phytobiocoenose colour match：Children playing space plants phytobiocoenose lucuriant in design；Old behaviour area kind
Plant evergreen, spread-type phytobiocoenose；Plant lucuriant in design and ornamental strong phytobiocoenose in morning exercises Leisure Tour area；
F) post-service.
2. the landscape construction method of a kind of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the young and the middle aged
In Healthful plants group, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 1:2.
3. the landscape construction method of a kind of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in children's health
In body phytobiocoenose, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 1:1.
4. the landscape construction method of a kind of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in old health
In body phytobiocoenose, the ratio of deciduous tree and aiphyllium is 2:3.
A kind of 5. landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fallen leaves
Arbor includes Aceraceae, Fagaceae, Simarubaceae, Magnoliaceae, the rose family, Sterculiaceae, Betulaceae, Ginkgoaceae or Scrophulariaceae；It is described
Aiphyllium includes Aquifoliaceae, Lauraceae, Elaeocarpaceae and grass family.
A kind of 6. landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shrub
Including Calycanthaceae, pittosporum tobira section, Celastraceae, Hypericaceae or Cornaceae.
A kind of 7. landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the rose
Section is Flowering Cherry Cultivars, introduces the high cherry category kind of ornamental value.
A kind of 8. landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose according to claim 1, it is characterised in that children's sports
Phytobiocoenose and lower floor of old Healthful plants group plantation gold leaf metasequoia, red autumnal leaves Malus spectabilis, the red smoke tree of purple leaf, purple hinge are joyous, gold leaf goldenrain tree
One or more in tree, red autumnal leaves crape myrtle, red autumnal leaves cercis, Prunus cistena, purple leaf amur minebark.
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| CN115380758A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-25 | 北京市园林绿化集团有限公司 | Plant community of high biodiversity type |
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