CN107699200A - 一种节能环保泡沫剂 - Google Patents
一种节能环保泡沫剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种节能环保型泡沫剂,其特征是该泡沫剂是在二氟一氯甲烷中混合有下述物质中的两种,这些物质是:丙烯、1,1二氟乙烷、丙烷上述各组份按其相应的配比在液态下进行物理混合。本发明具有直接替代性,且节能、环保、无毒,对设备无腐蚀性,安全性高,换装的简便与可靠可以解决空调及冷冻行业所面临的高昂改装费用问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及泡沫剂,尤指一种节能环保型泡沫剂。
背景技术
在现有的技术中,R2、R12、R502,这些优秀泡沫剂广泛应用于中央空调、家用空调、低温冷藏冷冻设备中,其应用日趋完善,工程师们对其性能也日益了解,但其对大气臭氧层的破坏也越来越引起人们的担忧,蒙特利尔协议书对其明确规定了使用期限,限定其ODP值,这使得新型泡沫剂的提出变的非常重要,寻找既环保又节能及使用方便的泡沫剂对科学家们而言意义重大;我国是世界大国,环保是我们应负和必负的责任,但同时我国又是二个能源缺乏的国家,如何开发既节能又环保的泡沫剂对我们的泡沫工程师们是一项重要的使命。中国1991年6月加入了1990年经修订的蒙特利尔协议书。为切实履行国际公约,1993年国务院批准了《中国消耗臭氧层物质的逐步淘汰国家》,该方案中规定最迟于2010年淘汰全部CFC;CFC现阶段替代主要有三个方向:即是用HCFC,HFC,还是碳氢化合物,HFC就是指氢氟碳物质,其典型代表是HFC-134a,这种物质的ODP值为零。HCFC是指氢氯氟碳类物质,其典型代表为R22,其ODP值为0.05,亦即等于CFC-11的5%。碳氢化合物的典型代表是异丁烷R600。在CFC替代问题上,以美国杜邦等几大家公司为首的厂商普遍寄希望于HFC泡沫剂,尤其是己研究出来的资C134a,其在AS荃皿AE的编号是R134a,-但后来研究发现R134a与所要替代的CFC泡沫剂比较,耗能要多6-8%,而且R134a对润滑油有特殊的要求,与广泛应用于泡沫空调压缩机的矿物润滑油及烷基苯润滑油不相容,这就使得用它来直接替换CFC泡沫剂成为不可能,而且这种在设备改动基础上的替代对泡沫设备拥有者而言是一项非常昂贵的工程。1997年12月10日结束的有150多个国家参加的日本东京举行的全球升温会议,将HFC确定为六种温室效应气体之一(其它五种是:二氧化硫、甲烷、一氧化氮、PFC及六氟化硫)。R134a正是属于该范围。而且碳氢化合物具有易燃易爆性,生产使用储运过程要求高,并不适合中国国情。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种节能环保泡沫剂,它具有直接替代性声泡沫剂通过国家权威机构一系列严格的认证证明其节能、环保、无毒,对设备不腐蚀安全性高,其节能效果可以保证用户在最具经济效益的前提下达到环保要求,其换装的简便与可靠可以解决空调及冷冻行业所面临的高昂改造费用问题。
木分明的目的是这样实现的:本发明是一种近共沸多元混合泡沫剂,是为替代R22而专门开发的,它适用于绝大多数的R22的泡沫设备及少量的R502的泡沫设备。其具体组成包括如下两种方案:
一种节能环保泡沫剂,其特征是该泡沫剂是在二氟一氯甲烷中混合有下属物质中的两种,这些物质是:丙烯、1,1二氟乙烷、丙烷,上述各组分按其相应的配比在液态下进行物理混合。
本发明的特征还在于该泡沫剂含有以重量百分比计4%丙烯,4%的1,1二氟乙烷,92%的二氟一氯甲烷。
该泡沫剂含有以重量百分数计2-30%的二氟乙烷,1-20%的丙烷,50-97%的二氟一氯甲烷。
本发明中的丙烷(R290),分子式CH3CH2CH3,标准大气压下沸点-42。12℃,临界温度96.8℃,临界压力4.25Mp,相对密度(空气)1.56;
1,1二氟乙烷(R152a),分子式CHF2CH3,标准大气压下沸点-25.0℃,临界温度113.5℃,临界压力4.5MP,相对密度(空气)2.28;
丙烯(R1270),分子式C3H6,标准大气压下沸点一47.6℃,临界温度91.1℃,临界压力4.62MP,相对密度(空气)1.48;
二氟一氯甲烷(R22),分子式cHcLF:,标准大气压下沸点-40.8℃,临界温度96.0℃,临界压力4.92MP;
本发明的泡沫剂,其制备方法就是将上述的个组分按其相应的配比在液态下进行物理混合灌装即可。
具体实施方式
下面以两个具体实验例来说明本发明的节能效果。
例一:本发明泡沫剂R300由60%二氟一氯甲烷、20%二氟乙烷、20%丙烷,在国家压缩机泡沫设备检测中心对美国飞歌3匹柜机(原用泡沫剂R22)依据国标做基础性对比泡沫剂R22测试显示,使用本发明工质R300后机组能效比提高11.14%。(这是该中心截止2000年9月20日止对国内外大量的混合泡沫剂检测中最高的)
例二、在杭州金海宾馆对上海合众开利厂产HR225冷水机组进行换装本发明泡沫剂后与原用工质R22进行对比测试时反映如下:
1、测试过程:
(l)运行使用R22的机组并读取系统基础数据。
(2)抽空系统
(3)将新工质注如入系统。
(4)进行调整(膨胀阀)
(5)运行新工质并读取基础数据,作为比较。
2、说明:
测试在水流量一定的情况下进行,流量认定由用户所配备的水表认定
3.数据记录:
注:上述本发明的新工质为:92%二氟一氯甲烷、4%二氟乙烷、4%丙烯。
泡沫量增加值:
泡沫量Q二((水的定压比热)xM(循环水量)x△T(蒸发器的进出口水温差))
增加值E冷=Q(新工质)-Q(原工质)/ Q(原工质)= ΔT(新工质)-ΔT(原工质)/ΔT(原工质)
E冷=(11.0℃-8.8℃)-(11.5℃-9.5℃)/(11.5℃-9.5℃)=10%
能效比提高值E能=COP新-COP原/COP原
=COP新/COP原-1=(Q新/W新)* (W原/Q新)-1
=ΔT新·W原/ΔT原·W新 -1
=(2.2*126.0) / (2.0*126.0)-1=10%
综上所述,本发明的节能环保泡沫剂与现有的R12、R505、R22相比具有如下特点:
1、环境方面一不含CFC.ODP(臭氧层破坏系数)、GWP值(全球变暖潜能值)均低于国家环保局、美国国家环保局规定的标准。
2、健康,安全方面-无毒
3、兼容性方面-与现有的R12、R22、R502泡沫剂性质非常接近,无须改变原来的润滑油,压缩机无须从新设计,无须改变原有泡沫设备。.
4、化学稳定性与热稳定性方面好,使用时与材料的相容性好,在使用过程中未发现有腐蚀金属现象,不与润滑油及其他化合物发生任何反应,与润滑油有良好的亲和性,蒸汽的绝缘性好。
5、节能指标方面一能效比超过原来的指标,本发明泡沫剂应用于使用R22泡沫剂的中央空调等泡沫设备时,其能效比指标明显高于原有的R22泡沫剂(多10%),即在消耗功率相同的情况下,使用本发明的中央空调等泡沫设备其泡沫量明显提高;该泡沫剂在各种空调工况下对比R22均有明显的节能效果。
6、产品质量方面一产品质量标准高于国家规定标准。
7、换装过程方面一泡沫剂换装过程非常简单,阅读说明即可操作。
Claims (2)
1.一种节能环保型泡沫剂,其特征在于,该泡沫剂含有以重量百分 数计4%的丙烯、4%的1,1-二氟乙烷、92%的二氟一氯甲烷。
2.一种节能环保型泡沫剂,其特征在于,该泡沫剂含有以重量百分数计1-20%的丙烷、2-30%的1,1一二氟乙烷、50-97%的二氟一氯甲烷。
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