CN107696851B - 弹性平均的车门组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种车辆燃料门组件,其包括盖子,该盖子包括相对于盖子固定设置的多个对准特征件,多个对准特征件由可弹性变形的材料形成。该组件还包括铰链,铰链包括相对于铰链固定设置的多个对准元件,每个对准特征件干涉地、可变形地并且配合地与相应的对准元件接合,对准特征件通过平均各个对准特征件的弹性变形来弹性地变形成弹性平均的最终配置,弹性平均的最终配置在六个平面正交方向上相对于铰链与盖子对准。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及对准系统和组件的技术,更具体地,涉及用于燃料门的弹性可变形对准组件和用于车辆的充电端口门组件。
背景技术
目前,在制造过程中待配合在一起的部件,特别是诸如机动车辆部件的车辆部件,通过对准特征件彼此相对定位,对准特征件尺寸过大和/或尺寸过小而无法提供可以使得组件相对于彼此自由运动的间距以实现对准而不在其间产生妨碍制造过程的干扰。一个例子包括双向和/或四向阳对准特征件,其通常是直立的凸台,它们被收纳到相应的阴对准特征件中,其通常为孔或狭槽形式的孔。阳对准特征件和它们各自的阴对准特征件之间存在间隙,该间隙经预定以配合阳对准特征件和阴对准特征件的预期尺寸和位置变化公差,该尺寸和位置变化公差由制造(或制造)方差导致。结果,在具有上述对准特征件的经配合的第一和第二部件之间可能发生显著的位置变化,这可能导致其对准中存在不期望的大幅变化,特别是关于它们之间的间隔和间距。在这些不对准部件也是另一组件的一部分的情况下,这种不对准还会影响整个组件的功能和/或美学外观。无论这种不对准是限于两个部件还是整个组件,它可能对功能产生负面影响,并导致质量差的感觉。
发明内容
在本发明的一个实施例中,车辆燃料门组件包括盖子,盖子包括相对于盖子固定设置的多个对准特征件,多个对准特征件由可弹性变形的材料形成。组件还包括铰链,其包括相对于铰链固定设置的多个对准元件,每个对准特征件干涉地、可变形地并且可配合地与相应的对准元件接合,对准特征件通过平均各个对准特征件的弹性变形来弹性地变形成弹性平均的最终配置,弹性平均的最终配置在六个平面正交方向上相对于铰链与盖子对准。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,充电端口门组件包括盖子,盖子包括相对于盖子固定设置的多个对准特征件,多个对准特征件由可弹性变形的材料形成。组件还包括铰链,其包括相对于铰链固定设置的多个对准元件,每个对准特征件干涉地、可变形地并且可匹配地与相应的对准元件接合,对准特征件通过平均各个对准特征件的弹性变形来弹性地变形成弹性平均的最终配置,弹性平均的最终配置在六个平面正交方向上相对于铰链与盖子对准。
从以下结合附图对本发明的详细描述中,本发明的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将是显而易见的。
附图说明
其他特征、优点和细节仅作为示例下述对实施例的详细描述中出现,详细描述参考附图,其中:
图1是预组装状态下的门组件的透视图;
图2是门组件的铰链的透视图;
图3是门组件的盖子的透视图;
图4是沿着图1的线4-4截取的组装状态下的盖和铰链的剖视图;
图5是组装状态下的盖和铰链的正视图;
图6是具有门组件的车辆的透视图。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅仅是示例性的,并不意图限制本公开、其应用或用途。例如,示出的实施例包括车辆部件,但是对准系统可以使用任何合适的部件来提供弹性平均,以精确定位和对齐所有形式的配合部件和部件应用,其包括许多工业产品和消费品(例如消费电子产品、各种电器等)、运输、能源和航空航天应用,并且特别包括许多其他类型的车辆部件和应用,比如各种内部、外部和罩下车辆部件和应用。应当理解,在整个附图中,相应的附图标记表示相似或相应的部件和特征。
如本文所用,术语“可弹性变形”是指部件或部件的部分,包括部件特征,其包括具有大体弹性变形特性的材料,其中所述材料构造成响应于施加的力而经受其形状、尺寸或两者的弹性可逆变化。导致材料的弹性可逆或弹性变形的力可包括拉伸力、压缩力、剪切力、弯曲力或扭转力,或这些力的各种组合。弹性变形材料可以呈现线性弹性变形,例如根据胡克定律描述的线性弹性变形,或呈现非线性弹性变形。
弹性平均提供配合部件之间界面的弹性变形,其中平均变形提供精确对准,制造位置方差最小化为由Xmin=X/N定义的Xmin,其中X是定位配合部件的特征件的制造位置方差,N是插入的功能数量。为了实现弹性平均,弹性变形部件构造成具有至少一个特征件及其接触表面,约束表面被过度约束并且提供与另一部件及其接触表面的配合特征件的过盈配合。过度约束状态和过盈配合弹性可逆地(弹性地)使所述至少一个特征件或配合特征件中的至少一者或两者变形。组件的这些特征件的弹性可逆性质允许组件可重复地插入和抽出,这便于它们的组装和拆卸。在一些实施例中,根据特定实施例的要求,配置成具有本文公开的至少一个特征件和相关配合特征件的可弹性变形部件可能需要不止一个这样的特征件。部件的位置方差可能导致在结束表面的区域上方施加变化的力,接触表面在组件插入干扰条件下受到过度约束并被接合。应当理解,单个插入的部件可以相对于部件的周长的长度弹性平均。在共有的且共同待决的美国专利申请No.13/187,675(现为美国专利No.8,695,201)中,详细描述了弹性平均的原理,该美国专利的公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。上述公开的实施例提供了将现有部件转换成能有助于弹性平均以及与其相关联的益处的组件的能力,该现有部件与上述弹性平均原理不相容,或者将通过包括如本文公开的弹性平均对准和保持系统得到进一步辅助。
任何合适的可弹性变形材料可用于本文公开的并在下文进一步讨论的配合部件和对准特征件,特别是当形成为本文所描述的特征件时可弹性变形的那些材料。这包括各种金属、聚合物、陶瓷、无机材料或玻璃,或任何上述材料的复合材料,或适用于本文公开目的的任何其它组合。设想了很多复合材料,包括各种填充聚合物,包括玻璃、陶瓷、金属和无机材料填充聚合物,特别是玻璃、金属、陶瓷、无机或碳纤维填充聚合物。可以使用任何合适的填料形态,包括所有形状和尺寸的颗粒或纤维。更具体地,可以使用任何合适类型的纤维,包括连续和不连续的纤维、纺织布和无纺布、毛毡或丝束,或其组合。可以使用任何合适的金属,包括各种等级的钢、铸铁、铝、镁或钛,或其复合物,或其任何其它组合。聚合物可以包括热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物,或其复合物,或其任何其它组合,包括各种共聚物和聚合物共混物。在一个实施方案中,优选的塑料材料是具有弹性的弹性材料,以便弹性变形而不断裂,例如包含丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)聚合物的材料,更特别是聚碳酸酯ABS聚合物共混物(PC/ABS)。该材料可以是任何形式,并且可以通过任何合适的方法形成或制造,包括冲压的或成形的金属、复合材料或其它片材、锻件、挤压件、压制件、铸件或模制件等,以包括本文所描述的可变形特征件。可弹性变形的对准特征件和相关部件可以以任何合适的方式形成。例如,可弹性变形的对准特征件和相关部件可以是整体形成的,或者它们可以完全分开形成并且随后附接在一起。例如,当整体形成时,可以从注塑成型机将它们形成为单一部分。例如,当单独形成时,它们可以由不同的材料形成以提供预定的弹性响应特性。可以选择一种材料或多种材料以提供任何或所有可弹性变形的对准特征件、相关联的部件或配合部件的预定的弹性响应特性。例如,预定的弹性响应特性可以包括预定的弹性模量。
如本文所使用的,术语“车辆”不限于仅仅是汽车、卡车、面包车或运动型多用途车,而是包括适于运输或承载负荷的任何自推进、自牵引或可移动的运输工具。
参考图1,其示出了弹性平均的对准组件,并且通常用数字10表示。在一些实施例中,弹性平均对准组件10包括用于车辆的门组件。例如,在一个实施例中,组件是车辆燃料门组件,而在另一个实施例中,组件是车辆充电端口门组件,如图6所示。无论门组件是燃料门组件还是充电端口门组件,组件10包括铰链12,其在壳体14(图6)内可枢转地联接到车辆。特别地,铰链12包括可枢转的方式可操作地联接到壳体14(图6)内的结构的铰链部分16。从铰链部分16延伸的是将铰链部分16固定地连接到铰链壁20的连接器部段18。铰链12是可以由任何合适的材料形成的模制结构。铰链12可在打开位置和关闭位置之间枢转,以允许使用者选择性地接近壳体14(图6)的内部,以将燃料引入车辆或插入充电装置以为车辆提供动力。
虽然上文已经将铰链12描述为在壳体14内联接到车辆,但是在一些实施例中,铰链12直接连接到车身。另外,在一些实施例中,铰链12可以是四连杆机构或其类似物的一部分或安装在其上,以允许其以不可枢转的方式打开和关闭。
如本文将描述的,盖22可操作地联接到铰链12以形成整体燃料门组件或充电端口门组件。更具体地,盖22可操作地联接到铰链壁20。图1示出了处于预组装状态的铰链12和盖22。
现在参见图2,铰链壁20包括限定铰链壁20的周边的周边壁24。在所示的实施例中,铰链壁20是基本圆形的构件,但是应当理解,铰链壁20可以由各种可选的几何形状形成,例如矩形、椭圆形等。无论什么特定的几何形状,铰链壁20的凹槽26由底壁28和周边壁24限定。周边壁24从底壁28向与盖22接合的方向延伸。
凹穴26提供了用于待布置的多个对准元件30的区域。多个对准元件30是用于配合盖22的特征件的特征件,这将在本文中详细描述。在所示实施例中,存在四个对准元件,但是应当理解,可能存在更多或更少的对准元件。每个对准元件30包括从周边壁24延伸的一个或多个壁32以限定开口或开口34。在所示实施例中,单个U形壁从周壁24延伸,但是应当理解,可以采用替代的几何形状来改变开口34的形状。每个壁32包括接合端部36和保持端部38,其中保持端部38设置为靠近口凹穴26的底壁28。间距99存在于底壁28和壁32的保持端部38之间。
现在参见图3和图4,更详细地示出了盖22。在一些实施例中,盖22具有几何形状,该几何形状基本上对应于将与其配合的铰链壁20的几何形状。如结合铰链壁20所描述的,在所示实施例中,盖22是基本圆形的构件,但是应当理解,盖子可以由各种替代的几何形状形成,例如矩形、椭圆形等。
不管其精确的几何形状,盖22包括内表面40。多个对准特征件42固定地连接到盖22并且从内表面40的平面基本垂直地延伸。对准特征件42是从内表面40延伸到端部44的突出部。在所示的实施例中,对准特征件42是增强对准特征件42的柔性的管状构件,但是可以想到可采用实心圆柱形构件。尽管在上面使用了管状和圆柱形的表达,但是应当理解,对准特征件42可以具有非圆形横截面几何形状。
每个对准特征件42包括至少一个保持特征件46。可以存在部分地围绕对准特征件42的圆周延伸的单个保持特征件46或者各自围绕圆周部分地延伸的多个保持特征件。在其他实施例中,单个保持特征件围绕对准特征件42的整个圆周延伸。保持特征件46包括从对准特征件42的纵向轴线A基本上垂直延伸的唇部48。在所示实施例中,斜坡50通向唇部48的外部位置52。斜坡50从对准特征件轴线A向外的方向从对准特征件42的端部44附近延伸到盖22的内表面40,斜坡50终止于唇部48。保持特征件46可以位于沿着对准特征件42的长度定位的任何轴向位置处。在一个实施例中,斜坡50从端部44延伸到唇部48。
现在参见图4和图5,示出了组装的铰链12和盖22。对准元件30构造成接收对准特征件42以将盖22联接到铰链12。特别地,对准特征件42由可弹性变形材料形成,并且其尺寸设计成具有大于对准元件30相应的开口34的对应尺寸的至少一个尺寸(宽度、长度、半径、周长、保持特征件等)。这种材料和尺寸确保当对准特征件42与对准元件30的壁32接合时,对准特征件42弹性地变形成弹性平均的最终构造,其在六个平面正交方向上相对于铰链壁20与盖22对准,这在本文中称为通过平均各个可弹性变形的对准特征件42的弹性变形得到的六向对准。
在一些实施例中,对准元件30也由可弹性变形的材料形成,以便在插入对准特征件42期间促进壁32的弹性变形。壁32可以在壁32的初始接合端部处包括倾斜部分54(例如,倒角),以在插入期间将对准特征件42引导到开口34中(图2和图4)。
如图4所示,对准元件42被收纳在对准元件30的开口34内。进行插入,直到保持特征件46的唇部48完全穿过开口34到达壁32的保持端部38。基于对准特征件42的可弹性变形的性质以及对准特征件42相对于开口尺寸的较大尺寸,对准特征件42具有保持特征件46的部分在插入期间径向向内偏转,直到唇部48通过壁32的保持端部38。在插入足以使唇部48完全穿过开口34之后,唇部接触壁32的保持端部38,以防止对准元件42从对准元件30中退出,从而将盖22联接到铰链壁20。在所示的组装状态下,对准特征件42干涉地、可变形地并且配合地与对准元件30接合。
当盖22和铰链12是车辆的部件时,因为保持力与对准特征件42的弹性变形一起降低了部件相对于彼此振动或晃动的趋势,因而改善了部件和安装有这些部件的车辆的噪声、振动和粗糙度(NVH)特性,从而形成一种有利的组件。对准元件30和对应的对准特征件42的接合还在盖22和铰链12之间提供加强的界面。由于上述变形的弹性平均,组件减少或消除相对运动并且精确地对准部件。另外,组件的精确匹配配合提高了组件的美观性,并优化了用户体验。
虽然已经参照示例性实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变并且等同物可以替代其元件。此外,在不脱离其本质范围的情况下,可以进行诸多修改以使特定情况或材料适应本发明的教导。因此,旨在使得本发明不限于所公开的特定实施例,而在于本发明将包括应用范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (6)
1.一种车辆燃料门组件,其包括:
盖子,其包括相对于所述盖子固定设置的多个对准特征件,所述多个对准特征件由可弹性变形的材料形成;和
铰链,其包括相对于所述铰链固定设置的多个对准元件,每个所述对准特征件干涉地、可变形地并且配合地与相应的对准元件接合,所述对准特征件通过对各个对准特征件的弹性变形求平均来弹性地变形成弹性平均的最终配置,所述弹性平均的最终配置在六个平面正交方向上相对于所述铰链相关与所述盖子对准;
其中所述铰链包括:
铰链部分,其可枢转地联接到壳体;
铰链壁;和
连接器部段,其将所述铰链部分和所述铰链壁连接;
其中所述铰链壁包括由底壁和至少一个周边壁限定的凹槽,其中所述多个对准元件中的每一个是由所述周边壁和从所述周边壁延伸的壁限定的开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆燃料门组件,其中所述多个对准特征件中的每一个包括在纵向方向上从盖壁延伸到端部的突出部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆燃料门组件,其中所述突出部包括相对于所述突出部的纵向方向垂直延伸的保持特征件。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆燃料门组件,其中从周边壁延伸的壁的每一个在从周边壁延伸的壁的初始接合端部处包括倾斜部分,以将所述突出部引导到所述开口中。
5.一种充电端口门组件,其包括:
盖子,其包括相对于所述盖子固定设置的多个对准特征件,所述多个对准特征件由可弹性变形的材料形成;和
铰链,其包括相对于所述铰链固定设置的多个对准元件,每个所述对准特征件干涉地、可变形地并且配合地与相应的对准元件接合,所述对准特征件通过平均各个对准特征件的弹性变形来弹性地变形成弹性平均的最终配置,所述弹性平均的最终配置在六个平面正交方向上相对于所述铰链与所述盖子对准;
其中所述铰链包括:
铰链部分,其可枢转地联接到壳体;
铰链壁;和
连接器部段,其将所述铰链部分和所述铰链壁连接;
其中所述铰链壁包括由底壁和至少一个周边壁限定的凹槽,其中所述多个对准元件中的每一个是由所述周边壁和从所述周边壁延伸的壁限定的开口。
6.根据权利要求5所述的充电端口门组件,其中所述多个对准特征件中的每一个包括在纵向方向上从盖壁延伸到端部的突出部,所述突出部包括相对于所述突出部的纵向垂直地延伸的保持特征件,所述保持特征件与每个从周边壁延伸的壁的保持端部接触,并且其中从周边壁延伸的壁与所述凹槽的底壁隔开。
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